Sticky Platelet Syndrome: An Underrecognized Cause of Graft Dysfunction and Thromboembolic Complications in Renal Transplant Recipients

Sticky platelet syndrome (SPS) leads to hyperaggregabilty of platelets in response to physiologic stimuli. In this report we describe three patients with clinical symptoms of SPS after renal transplantation. The first patient developed an infarction of her transplant kidney with additional, subsequent renal microinfarctions. The second patient suffered multiple strokes and deep vein thrombosis with episodes of pulmonary embolism and ischemic bowel disease due to colonic microinfarctions. The third patient experienced a long episode of unexplained respiratory and graft dysfunction immediately after transplantation until therapy for SPS was initiated, at which point symptoms resolved quickly. Kidney transplant recipients with SPS may be at increased risk of developing thrombosis, given that most immunosuppressive drugs are known to induce either endothelial cell damage or augment platelet aggregation. All patients awaiting renal transplantation should be screened for a history of thrombosis and, if appropriate, tested for SPS. Affected patients should receive dose-adjusted acetylsalicylic acid.     

Seltene Verletzung bei stumpfem Bauchtrauma im Kindesalter

Presented in this work is a rare injury of a blunt abdominal trauma in a child. Besides a partial rupture of the kidney and a retro-/intraperitoneal haematoma, a further injury occurred from the accident: an initially clinically indetectable tear of the A. iliaca communis which was found intraoperatively and with systematic CT analysis. Traumatic blood vessel lesions of the abdominal aorta and in particular the iliac blood vessels are very rare in children. By such violent impact injuries, it is therefore vital to perform a clinical examination of the foot pulse, systematic analysis of radiology diagnostics, and intraoperative exploration. The growth phase should be considered for therapy of the blood vessels depending on the child's age group. As the long-term results of graft implants are practically unknown, if possible a primary suture or vein patch should be performed.     

Fat and water separation in balanced steady-state free precession using the Dixon method.

In this work the feasibility of separating fat and water signals using the balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) technique is demonstrated. The technique is based on the observation (Scheffler and Hennig, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2003;49:395-397) that at the nominal values of TE = TR/2 in SSFP imaging, phase coherence can be achieved at essentially only two orientations (0 degrees and 180 degrees ) relative to the RF pulses in the rotating frame, under the assumption of TR < T2, and independently of the SSFP angle. This property allows in-phase and out-of-phase SSFP images to be obtained by proper choices of the center frequency offset, and thus allows the Dixon subtraction method to be utilized for effective fat-water separation. The TR and frequency offset for optimal fat-water separation are derived from theories. Experimental results from healthy subjects, using a 3.0 Tesla system, show that nearly complete fat suppression can be accomplished.     

Das Liquid-oxygen-System (LOX)

By oxygen concentration measurements (Oximeter Oxydig Dräger, Lübeck) in the EC 145 helicopter two oxygen transport and application systems were compared. The new liquid oxygen system (LOX) for the oxygen therapy was assessed in an application observation. For physical reasons fluid oxygen evaporates during the stand-by phase and an increased concentration (22.8% O₂) in the exhaust valve of LOX arises. On the other hand a high oxygen concentration (22.7% O₂) was measured in the operation mode of the conventional pressure flask gas system (GAS). No increased concentration could be measured within the helicopter cabin (HEMS, PAX) comparing both oxygen systems. For transport and application of oxygen with a very big reserve for the air dependent intensive transport the results show that LOX is a sure low pressure system (3.4 bar).     

Acute diverticulitis – clinical presentation and differential diagnostics

Objective To describe the clinical presentation of acute diverticulitis in an emergency department and to characterize the natural history of diverticulitis in the short perspective. Comparisons are made with an important differential diagnosis, nonspecific abdominal pain (NSAP). Method Patients admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain of up to 7 days’ duration were registered prospectively using a detailed schedule for history, symptoms and signs, from 1 February 1997 to 1 June 2000. Of 3349 patients initially included, 3073 (92%) were eligible for follow up after 1–3 years. Results Acute diverticulitis was the final diagnosis in 145 patients and NSAP in 1142 patients. The incidence of hospitalized patients with diverticulitis was 47 per year and 100 000 population, with a mean hospital stay of 3.3 days. Patients with diverticulitis, more frequently than NSAP, had a longer history and laboratory signs of inflammatory activity. Isolated left abdominal tenderness was more common in diverticulitis, whereas isolated right abdominal tenderness was more common in NSAP. Duration of symptoms on arrival was independent of age and was not correlated to C‐reactive protein, leucocytes or body temperature. Sensitivity of diverticulitis as primary diagnosis was 64% and specificity 97%. Corresponding figures for NSAP were 43% and 90% respectively. Age and gender did not influence diagnostic accuracy or risk of surgery. Conclusion Diverticulitis differs significantly from NSAP in clinical presentation and laboratory parameters. Sensitivity of primary diagnosis for diverticulitis and NSAP was low.     

Causation, therapy and complications of treating mandibular fractures - a retrospective analysis of 10 years]

BACKGROUND: Fractures of the mandible are a common form of facial injury. The aetiological factors associated with mandibular fractures and the trends in these factors over a 10-year period are reported. METHODS: A retrospective survey was carried out of 724 patients presenting with a fracture of the mandible over the 10-year-period 1994-2003. Patients; records were reviewed and analyzed according to age, sex, cause of injury, anatomic site of fracture, treatment and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Over the 10-year-period the rate of mandibular fractures remained constant (mean 40,7%). There were no changes in the age group (mean 33,3 years) or in the higher prevalence in male (male-female-ratio 2,3 : 1). The major causes of fractures were assaults (38,6%) and accidental fall (27,3%). The most common fracture site was the condylar region (47,0%) followed by the angle (29,4%). Most fractures were treated by closed reduction until 2002, thereafter surgical treatment increased noticeable. The complication rate was 8,9% and the most common complications were hardware exposure and infection. CONCLUSION: Fractures of the mandible are a prevalent form of facial injury. Aetiological factors show no significant change over the 10-year-period. Complication-rate is low and will support the tendency towards surgical treatment.