It is not uncommon for sarcomatous transformation of giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone to occur after radiation, but rarely
does malignant transformation occur spontaneously, with less than 15 cases reported up to 1995. Only four of these cases have
been documented in detail. We report two additional cases of GCT of bone spontaneously transforming or ”dedifferentiating”
into osteosarcoma without radiation therapy. The first case is absolutely unique and most interesting in that the dedifferentiation
process occurred in one of multiple GCT lung metastases 6 years after successful eradication of a primary tibial tumor. The
right lung was resected due to development of a large tumor, and at pathologic examination, demonstrated several small nodules
of conventional GCT and a much larger, 14-cm mass composed of a mixture of GCT and high-grade osteosarcoma. The second case
involved a physician, who had a large tumor in the sacrum with vague symptoms for 8 years. Open biopsy revealed conventional,
benign GCT of bone with a secondary aneurysmal bone cyst. Complete curettage 2 weeks later revealed, in addition to areas
of conventional, benign GCT a second component of very high grade osteosarcoma. Both patients died less than 1.5 years from
diagnosis. This report of osteosarcomatous transformation of a conventional GCT of bone strengthens the theory that there
is a mesenchymal cell line in GCT that may spontaneously tansform to sarcoma. 相似文献
Clinical, angiographic, and pathologic data support the contention that atherosclerosis, platelet aggregation, and coronary vasomotility work in unison to cause coronary thrombosis, which in turn leads to myocardial infarction. A patient is described in whom, 2 months after an acute myocardial infarction, inducible coronary artery spasm and a nonocclusive thrombus were angiographically demonstrated at the site of a minimal atherosclerotic narrowing in the infarction-related vessel. This report, to the best of our knowledge, is the first time that these three pathophysiologic mechanisms have been shown, in vivo, to be occurring concomitantly in an infarct-related vessel. Documentation of the unified occurrence of these phenomena support the current concept of the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction. 相似文献
Incubation of free, but not of peptide-bound methionine in an iron/ascorbate system resulted in ethylene generation, which was inhibited by glutathione. Leucine and isoleucine, however, when incubated in an iron/ascorbate/GSH system, released small amounts of propane and ethane, respectively. Peptide-bound leucine additionally yielded butane, as did bovine serum albumin or casein. Hydrocarbon generation from amino acids was inhibited by hydroxyl radical scavengers, but catalase and superoxide dismutase were more efficient. Additionally, ethane and propane generation in this system was optimal at pH 6.2 suggesting the involvement of protonated superoxide besides OH-radicals which attack the side chains of Leu and Ile and very probably produce carbon-centered radicals, which should abstract a hydrogen atom from the thiol group of GSH resulting in the formation of saturated hydrocarbons. 相似文献
The selection frequencies of cefepime (BMY 28142), ceftazidime, and cefotaxime resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were determined. Cefepime-resistant mutants were not selected by cefepime (frequency, less than 10(-11)). Ceftazidime- and cefotaxime-resistant mutants were isolated at frequencies of 10(-5) to 10(-10) and were often cross-resistant. However, cefepime resistance among ceftazidime- and cefotaxime-resistant mutants was rare. Selected mutants resistant to cefepime constitutively produced 40- to 450-fold more beta-lactamase than did the parent strain. 相似文献
In depressed patients as well as healthy controls, a positive relationship between hippocampal volume and trait anxiety has been reported. This study sought to explore the possible inter-relation between hippocampal volume and trait anxiety further. Magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T was used to measure hippocampal volumes in a rat model of extremes in trait anxiety (experiment 1) and in a Wistar population with normal anxiety-related behavior (experiment 2). In addition to anxiety-related behavior, potentially confounding factors (depression-like, exploratory, and locomotor behavior) were assessed. Experiment 1 globally supported the hypothesis of a positive relationship between hippocampus volume and trait anxiety but did not allow for ruling out possible confounds arising from cosegregation of other behavioral traits. Experiment 2 yielded strong evidence for a negative relationship which was specific for trait anxiety. Thus, the relationship between hippocampal volume and anxiety may be more complex than expected. Interestingly, anxiety-related behavior in experiment 2 had a stronger influence on hippocampal volume than depression-like behavior. In the light of hippocampal volume loss in anxiety disorder and frequent comorbidity of anxiety and depression, this finding suggests that further research into the relationship between anxiety and hippocampal volume may be critical for understanding hippocampal contributions to normal and pathological behavior. 相似文献
Introduction Failure to enter the coronary sinus (CS) with a guiding catheter and entering its tributaries remains challenging in left
ventricle (LV) pacing lead implants for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). A dual telescoping catheter system (8F outer/6F
inner) is designed to provide the ability to adjust the catheter curve size, shape and/or reach to the patients’ anatomy avoiding
the need for catheter change.
Methods Five different designs for CS cannulation were randomly tested in 64 patients scheduled for CRT device implant.
Results In 33 consecutive patients three adaptable telescoping guiding catheter systems were tested per patient, the adaptable catheters
had higher overall cannulation success rates (68, 63 and 62%) compared to the fixed shape catheter (46%) and an greater cannulation
success rate when the CS location was not known (70, 53 and 72% vs 33% for the fixed shape). In a second group of 31 CRT patients
the two telescoping catheters had similar high levels of success (71–80%), with or without using the inner catheter.
Conclusions The telescopic system is adaptable to a wide range of anatomical variations in patients and can result in a higher CS cannulation
success rate due to its adjustability in the RA in search for the CS ostium. On top of this the inner catheter allows for
sub-selecting the CS tributaries. 相似文献
Background: During the brain growth spurt, the brain develops and modifies rapidly. In rodents this period is neonatal, spanning the first weeks of life, whereas in humans it begins during the third trimester and continues 2 yr. This study examined whether different anesthetic agents, alone and in combination, administered to neonate mice, can trigger apoptosis and whether behavioral deficits occur later in adulthood.
Methods: Ten-day-old mice were injected subcutaneously with ketamine (25 mg/kg), thiopental (5 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg), propofol (10 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg), a combination of ketamine (25 mg/kg) and thiopental (5 mg/kg), a combination of ketamine (25 mg/kg) and propofol (10 mg/kg), or control (saline). Fluoro-Jade staining revealed neurodegeneration 24 h after treatment. The behavioral tests-spontaneous behavior, radial arm maze, and elevated plus maze (before and after anxiolytic)-were conducted on mice aged 55-70 days.
Results: Coadministration of ketamine plus propofol or ketamine plus thiopental or a high dose of propofol alone significantly triggered apoptosis. Mice exposed to a combination of anesthetic agents or ketamine alone displayed disrupted spontaneous activity and learning. The anxiolytic action of diazepam was less effective when given to adult mice that were neonatally exposed to propofol. 相似文献