全文获取类型
收费全文 | 293篇 |
免费 | 12篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 14篇 |
妇产科学 | 28篇 |
基础医学 | 45篇 |
口腔科学 | 8篇 |
临床医学 | 20篇 |
内科学 | 42篇 |
皮肤病学 | 4篇 |
神经病学 | 8篇 |
特种医学 | 40篇 |
外科学 | 22篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 23篇 |
药学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 51篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 11篇 |
2012年 | 12篇 |
2011年 | 3篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 16篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有311条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Yee C; Biondi A; Wang XH; Iscove NN; de Sousa J; Aarden LA; Wong GG; Clark SC; Messner HA; Minden MD 《Blood》1989,74(2):798-804
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a growth factor with diverse biologic activity. Originally described as a T-cell product that enhances immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion in antigen-stimulated B cells, it also affects the growth of T cells, plasmacytomas, hybridomas, and hematopoietic stem cells. We report the expression and secretion of IL-6 by two lymphoma cell lines, OCI-LY3 and OCI-LY12. Addition of recombinant IL-6 stimulated their growth, whereas addition of polyclonal anti- recombinant IL-6 (anti-rIL-6) had a marked inhibitory effect on proliferation. These results suggest an autocrine role for IL-6 in the growth of these lymphoma cells in culture. 相似文献
72.
Human epididymis protein 4 immunostaining of malignant ascites differentiates cancer of Müllerian origin from gastrointestinal cancer 下载免费PDF全文
73.
We demonstrate through the use of an in vitro assay involving the delayed addition of erythropoietin that human recombinant GM-CSF, cloned from a mature T cell line, Mo, clearly has burst-promoting activity (BPA) on peripheral blood erythroid progenitors at picomolar concentrations. Delay for up to 72 hours of the addition of erythropoietin to semi-solid methylcellulose cultures of concentrated peripheral blood progenitors minimizes or eliminates BPA-independent erythroid colony formation with little loss of BPA-dependent erythroid colony formation. This assay will prove useful in accurately detecting sources of BPA. 相似文献
74.
Maas CP ter Kuile MM Laan E Tuijnman CC Weijenborg PT Trimbos JB Kenter GG 《BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology》2004,111(5):456-462
Objective The potential contribution of psychological and anatomical changes to sexual dysfunction following hysterectomy is not clear. Radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer causes surgical damage to the autonomic nerves which are responsible for the increased vaginal blood flow during sexual arousal. Simple hysterectomy causes more limited nerve disruption. Photoplethysmographic assessment of vaginal pulse amplitude objectively measures vaginal blood flow during sexual arousal. We hypothesised that damage of the autonomic nerves results in a disrupted vaginal blood flow response during sexual stimulation.
Design Between-groups comparison of vaginal pulse amplitude.
Setting University hospital.
Sample Twelve women with a history of radical hysterectomy, 12 women with a history of simple abdomonal hysterectomy and 17 aged-matched controls.
Methods Photoplethysmographic assessment of vaginal pulse amplitude during sexual stimulation by erotic films. Self-reported ratings of subjective sexual arousal were collected after each erotic stimulus condition.
Main outcome measure Maximum vaginal pulse amplitude.
Results Maximum vaginal pulse amplitude differed between the three groups ( P = 0.043). Women with a history of radical hysterectomy had a lower response than controls ( P = 0.015). Women in the radical hysterectomy group and controls reported an equally strong subjective arousal. Women with a history of simple hysterectomy showed an intermediate maximum vaginal pulse amplitude.
Conclusions Radical hysterectomy seems associated with a disturbed vaginal blood flow response during sexual arousal. This cannot be explained solely by uteric extirpation, since it was not observed to the same extent after simple hysterectomy, but might be related to a denervation of the vagina which increases with increasing radicality of surgery. 相似文献
Design Between-groups comparison of vaginal pulse amplitude.
Setting University hospital.
Sample Twelve women with a history of radical hysterectomy, 12 women with a history of simple abdomonal hysterectomy and 17 aged-matched controls.
Methods Photoplethysmographic assessment of vaginal pulse amplitude during sexual stimulation by erotic films. Self-reported ratings of subjective sexual arousal were collected after each erotic stimulus condition.
Main outcome measure Maximum vaginal pulse amplitude.
Results Maximum vaginal pulse amplitude differed between the three groups ( P = 0.043). Women with a history of radical hysterectomy had a lower response than controls ( P = 0.015). Women in the radical hysterectomy group and controls reported an equally strong subjective arousal. Women with a history of simple hysterectomy showed an intermediate maximum vaginal pulse amplitude.
Conclusions Radical hysterectomy seems associated with a disturbed vaginal blood flow response during sexual arousal. This cannot be explained solely by uteric extirpation, since it was not observed to the same extent after simple hysterectomy, but might be related to a denervation of the vagina which increases with increasing radicality of surgery. 相似文献
75.
de Leeuw WJ Dierssen J Vasen HF Wijnen JT Kenter GG Meijers-Heijboer H Brocker-Vriends A Stormorken A Moller P Menko F Cornelisse CJ Morreau H 《The Journal of pathology》2000,192(3):328-335
Instability of microsatellite repeat sequences has been observed in colorectal carcinomas and in extracolonic malignancies, predominantly endometrial tumours, occurring in the context of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Microsatellite instability (MSI) as a feature of human DNA mismatch repair (MMR)-driven tumourigenesis of the uterine mucosa has been studied primarily in sporadic tumours showing predominantly somatic hypermethylation of MLH1. The present study shows that all endometrial carcinomas (n=12) from carriers of MLH1 and MSH2 germline mutations demonstrate an MSI-high phenotype involving all types of repeat markers, while in endometrial carcinomas from MSH6 mutation carriers, only 36% (4 out of 11) demonstrate an MSI-high phenotype. Interestingly, an MSI-high phenotype was found in endometrial hyperplasias from MSH2 mutation carriers, in contrast to hyperplasias from MLH1 mutation carriers, which exhibited an MSI-stable phenotype. Instability of only mononucleotide repeat markers was found in both endometrial carcinomas and hyperplasias from MSH6 mutation carriers. In 29 out of 31 (94%) endometrial tumour foci, combined MSI and immunohistochemical analysis of MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 could predict the identified germline mutation. The observation of MSI in endometrial hyperplasia and of altered protein staining for the MMR genes supports the idea that inactivation of MMR genes is an early event in endometrial tumourigenesis. A correlation was found between the variation in the extent and level of MSI and the age of onset of carcinoma, suggesting differences in the rate of tumour progression. A high frequency of MSI in hyperplasias, found only in MSH2 mutation carriers, might indicate a more rapid tumour progression, correlating with an earlier age of onset of carcinoma. The present study indicates that assessment of altered protein staining combined with MSI analysis of endometrial tumours might direct the mutational analysis of MMR genes. 相似文献
76.
M.J. Rutten J.H.L. Boldingh E. Schuit H. Trum W. van Driel B.W.J. Mol G.G. Kenter M.R. Buist 《Gynecologic oncology》2014
Objective
Predicting survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is based on prognosis of the population. Combining prognostic factors could facilitate survival prediction on the level of the individual patient. The aim of this study was to develop a prognostic model to predict five-year disease specific survival in patients with EOC, and to evaluate whether this would add to prediction based on prognosis of the population.Patients and methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed of all EOC patients treated with primary debulking and adjuvant chemotherapy or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery in three gynaecological-oncologic centres between 1998 and 2010. Primary outcome was 5-year disease-specific survival. We developed a Cox proportional hazard model using the LASSO-method to select the best combination of characteristics from 12 potential predictors and to correct for overfitting. Performance of the model was expressed as calibration and discrimination (c-statistic). A nomogram was developed to increase the clinical applicability of the model.Results
Of 840 patients with EOC 462 (55%) died within 5 years due to the disease. A combination of FIGO stage, residual tumour after surgery, primary or interval surgery, histology, performance status, age, amount of ascites and a family history suggestive of breast/ovarian cancer best predicted 5-year survival. The final model showed accurate calibration and the c-statistic was 0.71 (95% CI 0.69–0.74).Conclusions
Five-year survival in all stage EOC patients can be predicted accurately using available characteristics. After external validation the model can be used for counselling of patients. 相似文献77.
78.
R G Urban R M Chicz W S Lane J L Strominger A Rehm M J Kenter F G UytdeHaag H Ploegh B Uchanska-Ziegler A Ziegler 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1994,91(4):1534-1538
An unusual monoclonal antibody (MARB4) directed
against HLA-B27 that reacts with only approximately 5-20% of the cell surface
HLA-B27 was used for large-scale purification of these molecules. Subsequent
mass spectrometry of HLA-B27-bound peptides showed that the minor MARB4-reactive
population contained peptides primarily from 900 to 4000 Da in size
(approximately 8-33 amino acid residues), whereas the major HLA-B27 population
contained peptides in the mass range of 900-1400 Da (approximately 8-12 amino
acid residues). Thus, a subset of HLA-B27 molecules binds to peptides much
longer than nonamers. Typical HLA-B27-binding peptides contain arginine in
position 2. Further analysis by Edman sequencing of the pooled bound peptides
revealed that the major population contained substantial amounts of arginine at
positions 1 and 9 (40-50%) and exclusively arginine at position 2, as expected.
The minor population of peptides also contained detectable amounts of arginine
at these positions, but at the level of only approximately 10%; no marked
enrichment at any position was observed. These long HLA-B27-bound peptides could
represent either intermediates in the formation of nonamers or adventitiously
bound peptides. Lastly, in the TAP2 mutant cell line BM36.1 transfected with
HLA-B*2705, MARB4-reactive HLA-B27 molecules were absent from the cell surface,
indicating that the peptide transporter was required for delivery of the long
peptides. Thus, during the folding of class I heavy chains, peptides of diverse
lengths are available and participating. 相似文献
79.
BACKGROUND: Modern fertilization techniques can lead to unexpected ABO phenotypes in newborn infants and can raise questions as to maternity, paternity, and infant misidentification. Ovum transplantation can result in an infant with an ABO phenotype that is unexpected, given the birth mother's ABO type. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A group AB, Rh- positive female infant was born to a group O, Rh-positive woman as a result of ovum transplantation. The case report is provided. RESULTS: The birth mother typed group O, Rh-positive both before and after delivery. The infant typed group AB, Rh-positive on cord blood and heelstick specimens. CONCLUSION: Ovum transplantation can result in newborns whose ABO phenotypes are unexpected, in relation to the birth mother's ABO type. To ensure patient privacy, such fertilization techniques may not be clearly documented in the delivery room chart. A complete obstetric history helps prevent repeat phlebotomies, expensive and unnecessary typing studies, and concern of the clinical staff with possible sample or infant misidentification. 相似文献
80.
Cytokines in inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma presenting with leukemoid reaction 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytomas (IMFH) are rare tumors and are frequently associated with leukocytosis. In rare cases, leukemoid reactions were attributed to tumor production of unidentified hematopoietic factors. In this study, we used immunohistochemical techniques to show cytokine immunoreactivity in the malignant cells of two cases of IMFH presenting with leukemoid reactions and compared them with two malignant fibrous histocytomas, noninflammatory type. All four tumors stained positively for stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), and insulin-like growth factor-I. Other cytokines detected only in the two IMFH included IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IFN- gamma, and keratinocyte growth factor. Granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, IL- 3, and transforming growth factor-beta staining was present in one of the two IMFH tumors and was not present in the noninflammatory tumors. The immunohistochemical staining was localized to the malignant cells, suggesting deregulated cytokine expression consistent with their monocytic/histocytic origin. Expression of certain cytokines in the IMFH may account for the local inflammatory infiltrate, tumor fibrosis, and the aggressive nature of the malignant cells. We also detected elevated serum levels of SCF, G-CSF, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor in one or both of the IMFH patients. These latter observations may explain the bone marrow hypercellularity and other paraneoplastic symptoms, including fever, malaise, and weight loss, observed in both patients. Different cytokines present in the two IMFH tumors appear to be responsible for the eosinophilic leukemoid reaction observed in one case and for the granulocytic leukemoid reaction observed in the other patient. They may also be responsible for expansion of the tumor-cell population, fibroblast proliferation, and enhanced secretion of extracellular collagen. 相似文献