新鲜羊膜致I型超敏反应的变应原性研究

研究新鲜人羊膜的变应原性及其致敏后发生I型超敏反应的可能性。建立豚鼠全身主动过敏实验模型。分新鲜羊膜组、新鲜蛋清组(阳性对照)和PBS液组(阴性对照),每组10只豚鼠。观察豚鼠在致敏期和激发后的反应,采用化学荧光法检测外周血组胺含量,血液流变分析系统检测4项血液流变学指标(全血高切变率黏度、全血低切变率黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数)。致敏期间各组豚鼠的体重变化无明显差别(P>0.05);激发后羊膜组豚鼠与阴性组表现一致,无异常反应;羊膜组外周血组胺含量及4项血液流变学指标均与阴性对照无明显差别(P>0.05),与阳性对照有显著性差异(P<0.01)。经规范化无菌处理后的新鲜羊膜,一般不具有变应原性,不会引起I型超敏反应。     

高频电刀对家兔活体肌肉组织的作用

目的 :探讨高频电刀对肌肉组织结构的作用。方法 :用高频电极在不同输出功率时测定大白家兔活体肌肉组织的电流强度 ,灼伤中心区汽化深度和汽化表面积 ,光镜和电镜下观察创面下 0～ 6mm深度的组织结构变化。结果 :随着电流输出功率的增强 ,肌肉组织的电流强度 ,中心区汽化深度和汽化表面积也随之增加 ,创面深部组织显微和超微结构发生了热凝固性改变 ,损伤程度随着离中心区距离的延长而减弱 ,但在 6mm深处仍有较明显的损伤性改变。结论 :用高频电刀操作时应注意对深部肌肉组织的损伤性作用 ,为减少损伤应注意操作时的电流强度和电灼时间。     

The CTLA-4 gene region of chromosome 2q33 is linked to, and associated with, type 1 diabetes. Belgian Diabetes Registry

Susceptibility to autoimmune insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus is determined by a combination of environmental and genetic factors, which include variation in MHC genes on chromosome 6p21 (IDDM1) and the insulin gene on chromosome 11p15 (IDDM2). However, linkage to IDDM1 and IDDM2 cannot explain the clustering of type 1 diabetes in families, and a role for other genes is inferred. In the present report we describe linkage and association of type 1 diabetes to the CTLA-4 gene (cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated-4) on chromosome 2q33 (designated IDDM12). CTLA-4 is a strong candidate gene for T cell- mediated autoimmune disease because it encodes a T cell receptor that mediates T cell apoptosis and is a vital negative regulator of T cell activation. In addition, we provide supporting evidence that CTLA-4 is associated with susceptibility to Graves' disease, another organ- specific autoimmune disease.      

动物实验模型中多极导管心室除颤系统电除颤对心脏功能的影响

评价新型的双极和三极导管自动心室除颤系统电除颤对左心室收缩和舒张功能的影响。动物麻醉后,在X光机指导下,分别在10只犬心脏内装置双极导管自动除颤系统（组Ⅰ）;在10只猪心脏内装置三极导管自动除颤系统（组Ⅱ）;并行电除颤试验。使用食管超声心动图在电除颤前后记录二维、M型和多谱勒超声图像。组I动物接受4次电除颤,电量为64J;组Ⅱ接受平均8次电除颤,电量为210J。结果显示：左室收缩面积分数、左室等容舒张时间和二尖瓣血流E波与A波速度比值以及时间-流速积分比值等反映左室舒缩功能的指标在两组动物除颤后均无显著改变。研究表明：两种经静脉导管自动心室除颤系统中反复低能量心内膜电除颤对左室舒缩功能无明显损伤作用;研究结果为经静脉多极导管自动心室除颤系统在临床的应用和电生理研究提供了可靠的实验数据。     

用电子自旋共振成像观测氮氧自由基的透皮特性

在自行研制的电子自旋共振成像(Electron spin resonance imaging, ESRI)系统上建立了活体皮肤电子自旋共振成像的实验模型.观测了氮氧自由基化合物2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy,TEMPO)穿透小鼠皮肤组织的动态过程和浓度分布情况.成像结果显示TEMPO化合物对不同方法处理后的皮肤组织的透皮特性有明显差别.TEMPO水溶液难以穿透皮肤,而溶解在二甲基亚枫(Dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)中的脂溶性TEMPO溶液可以渗入并穿透皮肤.皮肤表层的角质蛋白对TEMPO有明显的阻隔性, 而且化合物渗入或透过皮肤组织的量具有较强的时间依赖性.本研究结果提示ESRI技术为动态研究某些特殊结构化合物的透皮特性提供了科学有效的分析手段.     

Distribution of mutations in the PEX gene in families with X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (HYP)

Mutations in the PEX gene at Xp22.1 (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases, on the X-chromosome), are responsible for X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (HYP). Homology of PEX to the M13 family of Zn2+ metallopeptidases which include neprilysin (NEP) as prototype, has raised important questions regarding PEX function at the molecular level. The aim of this study was to analyse 99 HYP families for PEX gene mutations, and to correlate predicted changes in the protein structure with Zn2+ metallopeptidase gene function. Primers flanking 22 characterised exons were used to amplify DNA by PCR, and SSCP was then used to screen for mutations. Deletions, insertions, nonsense mutations, stop codons and splice mutations occurred in 83% of families screened for in all 22 exons, and 51% of a separate set of families screened in 17 PEX gene exons. Missense mutations in four regions of the gene were informative regarding function, with one mutation in the Zn2+-binding site predicted to alter substrate enzyme interaction and catalysis. Computer analysis of the remaining mutations predicted changes in secondary structure, N-glycosylation, protein phosphorylation and catalytic site molecular structure. The wide range of mutations that align with regions required for protease activity in NEP suggests that PEX also functions as a protease, and may act by processing factor(s) involved in bone mineral metabolism.      

前路椎体次全切在治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化中的应用

目的：探讨颈前路椎体次全切治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化的手术减压范围。方法：采用前路椎体次全切植骨融合术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化56例，其中完全切除骨化者47例，用“漂浮法”处理者9例，并针对不同个体及病变特点采用不同的减压范围。结果：54例获得3个月-6a随访，平均28个月。植骨均于术后3-5个月内获得骨性融合。JOA评分由术前8．5分提高到术后14．1，平均改善率74％，优良率80．2％。结论：行椎体次全切术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化时应针对不同个体及病变特点采用不同的足够的减压范围，可以减少并发症，并获得较佳的疗效。     

Die Wertigkeit der Adenosintriphosphatase Reaktion zur Diagnostik von essentiellen Paraproteinämien

Zusammenfassung Bei 26 Fällen mit essentieller Paraproteinämie wurde die cytochemische Aktivität der Adenosintriphosphatase (ATPase) in den Plasmazellen des Knochenmarks untersucht. 15 Fälle zeigten eine erniedrigte und 11 Patienten eine normale ATPase-Aktivität. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die Erniedrigung der ATPase für die Diagnostik des Plasmocytoms nicht spezifisch ist.Herrn Prof. Dr. W. Hoffmeister, Mannheim, zum 65. Geburtstag.