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991.
Anthony J Sharp Paul E Polak Vittoria Simonini Shao X Lin Jill C Richardson Ernesto R Bongarzone Douglas L Feinstein 《Journal of neuroinflammation》2008,5(1):33
Background
The purinergic receptor P2x7 is expressed on myeloid cells as well as on CNS glial cells, and P2x7 activation has been shown to increase both glial and T-cell activation. These properties suggest a role in the development of autoimmune disease including multiple sclerosis. 相似文献992.
Alicja Gryczyńska-Siemiątkowska Alicja Siedlecka Joanna Stańczak Miłosława Barkowska 《Acta parasitologica / Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Warszawa, Poland》2007,52(2):165-170
Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) were trapped and examined for ticks from May to September in 2002 and 2003 in Northeastern Poland. A total of 233 Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks (76 larvae and 157 nymphs) was found on 31 of 235 captured lizards (13.2%). The tick infestation is relatively
low compared to that of mammals and passerine birds from the same area (Siński et al. 2006, Gryczyńska et al. 2002). Tick infestation depended on the month of capture, being the highest in spring. In autumn no ticks were recorded on
any of the captured lizards. The oldest lizards carried the highest number of ticks but no differences related to sex of the
host were found. All the collected ticks were analysed by PCR for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiological agents of Lyme disease. Spirochetes were detected in 11 out of 233 (4.7%) ticks tested. Genetic
analysis confirmed that the spirochetes are members of the Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto genospecies. Mixed infection were not detected. The prevalence of infection was analysed in relation to months
of the capture, age and sex of the lizards, but differences were not statistically significant. The obtained results suggest
that lizards are probably not B. burgdorferi reservoirs, but further studies are required to confirm this. 相似文献
993.
Brian R Lawson Stanley M Belkowski John F Whitesides Paul Davis John W Lawson 《BMC complementary and alternative medicine》2007,7(1):20
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its accepted animal model, murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), are classic autoimmune inflammatory diseases which require proinflammatory cytokine production for pathogenesis. We and others have previously used N, N-dimethylglycine (DMG) and extracts from the New Zealand green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus (Perna) as potent immunomodulators to modify ongoing immune and/or inflammatory responses. 相似文献994.
Molecular epidemiology of macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Europe 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Reinert RR Ringelstein A van der Linden M Cil MY Al-Lahham A Schmitz FJ 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2005,43(3):1294-1300
In many European countries, the level of pneumococcal resistance to macrolides has now passed the level of resistance to penicillin G. A total of 82 erythromycin A-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected by 11 laboratories in seven European countries. All of the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, analyzed for clonal relatedness by multilocus sequence typing, and characterized for macrolide resistance genotypes. The prevalence of the macrolide resistance genotypes varied substantially between countries. In France (87.5% of all strains), Spain (77.3%), Switzerland (80%), and Poland (100%), strains were predominantly erm(B) positive, whereas higher levels of mef(A)-positive strains were reported from Greece (100%) and Germany (33.3%). Macrolide resistance was caused by the oligoclonal spread of some multilocus sequence types, but significant differences in clonal distribution were noted between France and Spain, countries from which high levels of macrolide resistance have been reported. Overall, sequence type 81 (Spain23F-1 clone) was by far the most widespread. The mainly erm(B)-positive serotype 14 clone (sequence type 143), first reported in Poland in the mid-1990s, is now widespread in France. 相似文献
995.
Adding salmeterol to an inhaled corticosteroid reduces allergen-induced serum IL-5 and peripheral blood eosinophils 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Koopmans JG Lutter R Jansen HM van der Zee JS 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》2005,116(5):1007-1013
BACKGROUND: Adding a long-acting beta(2)-agonist to inhaled corticosteroids results in better symptomatic asthma control than increasing the dose of inhaled corticosteroids. OBJECTIVE: Investigating whether adding the long-acting beta(2)-agonist salmeterol to the inhaled corticosteroid fluticasone propionate has an effect on allergen-induced allergic inflammation in asthma. METHODS: Bronchial allergen challenges were performed in 26 patients with allergic asthma, pretreating them with a single dose of either fluticasone/salmeterol (100/50 microg) or fluticasone alone (100 microg), in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design. Sputum and serum markers of bronchial inflammation were measured after allergen challenge, as well as lung function parameters. Primary outcomes were sputum eosinophil numbers and eosinophil cationic protein. RESULTS: Asthmatic responses after allergen challenge were significantly reduced after pretreatment with fluticasone/salmeterol relative to fluticasone alone. Sputum inflammatory markers after allergen challenge were not significantly affected by fluticasone/salmeterol pretreatment. By contrast, serum IL-5 was significantly reduced (geometric mean serum IL-5 [SEM]: 0.5 [0.3] vs 1.1 [0.3] pg/mL 1 hour and 0.6 [0.3] vs 1.1 [0.3] pg/mL 6 hours after challenge with fluticasone/salmeterol vs fluticasone alone pretreatment, respectively; P values < .05). Also, peripheral blood eosinophils were significantly reduced (geometric mean number x 10(6)/L [SEM]: 172 [0.1] vs 237 [0.1] at 6 hours and 271 [0.1] vs 351 [0.1] at 24 hours with fluticasone/salmeterol vs fluticasone alone pretreatment, respectively; P < .05). CONCLUSION: Adding salmeterol to fluticasone reduces allergen-induced serum IL-5 and peripheral blood eosinophils. This phenomenon may contribute to the improved clinical outcomes that result from adding a long-acting beta(2)-agonist to inhaled corticosteroids. 相似文献
996.
Patrick Tan 《BMC medicine》2008,6(1):27
Identifying the complete repertoire of genes and genetic variants that regulate the pathogenesis and progression of human
disease is a central goal of post-genomic biomedical research. In cancer, recent studies have shown that genome-wide association
studies can be successfully used to identify germline polymorphisms associated with an individual's susceptibility to malignancy.
In parallel to these reports, substantial work has also shown that patterns of somatic alterations in human tumors can be
successfully employed to predict disease prognosis and treatment response. A paper by Van Ness et al. published this month
in BMC Medicine reports the initial results of a multi-institutional consortium for multiple myeloma designed to evaluate the role of germline
polymorphisms in influencing multiple myeloma clinical outcome. Applying a custom-designed single nucleotide polymorphism
microarray to two separate patient cohorts, the investigators successfully identified specific combinations of germline polymorphisms
significantly associated with early clinical relapse. These results raise the exciting possibility that besides somatically
acquired alterations, germline genetic background may also exert an important influence on cancer patient prognosis and outcome.
Future 'personalized medicine' strategies for cancer may thus require incorporating genomic information from both tumor cells
and the non-malignant patient genome. 相似文献
997.
Comparison of the real-time PCR method and the Gen-Probe amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary and nonpulmonary specimens
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Lemaître N Armand S Vachée A Capilliez O Dumoulin C Courcol RJ 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2004,42(9):4307-4309
Real-time PCR was compared to Amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis Direct Test (AMTDII) for 100 clinical specimens. The overall sensitivities of the real-time PCR method and AMTDII were similar for respiratory and nonrespiratory specimens. However, real-time PCR seemed to be less susceptible to amplification inhibitors than AMTDII. 相似文献
998.
Miellot A Zhu R Diem S Boissier MC Herbelin A Bessis N 《European journal of immunology》2005,35(12):3704-3713
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique lymphocyte subtype implicated in the regulation of autoimmunity and a good source of protective Th2 cytokines. Agonist alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) of iNKT cells exert a therapeutical effect in type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether iNKT activation with alpha-GalCer was protective in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice, a standard model of rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we have shown that in vivo iNKT cell function was altered in DBA/1 mice since stimulation with alpha-GalCer led to decreased IL-4 and IFN-gamma levels in sera, as compared with C57BL/6 mice. alpha-GalCer induced a clear-cut diminution of clinical and histological arthritides. An anti-IL-10 receptor antibody abrogated the protective effect of alpha-GalCer, suggesting a key role for IL-10 in the protection against CIA by activated iNKT cells. Confirming these data, disease protection conferred by alpha-GalCer correlated with the ability of LN CD4+ cells to secrete larger amounts of IL-10. These findings suggest that in CIA susceptibility to autoimmunity is associated with dysfunctions of iNKT cells. Our demonstration that iNKT cell activation by alpha-GalCer remains efficient in CIA-prone DBA/1 mice to provide protective IL-10 suggests that this could be used therapeutically to treat autoimmune arthritis. 相似文献
999.
We have known for some time that the epidemiology of human stroke is sexually dimorphic until late in life, well beyond the
years of reproductive senescence and menopause. Now, a new concept is emerging: the mechanisms and outcome of cerebral ischemic injury are influenced strongly by biological sex as well as the availability of sex steroids to the
brain. The principal mammalian estrogen (17 β estradiol or E2) is neuroprotective in many types of brain injury and has been
the major focus of investigation over the past several decades. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that although hormones
are a major contributor to sex-specific outcomes, they do not fully account for sex-specific responses to cerebral ischemia.
The purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies in cell culture and animal models that suggest that genetic sex
determines experimental stroke outcome and that divergent cell death pathways are activated after an ischemic insult. These
sex differences need to be identified if we are to develop efficacious neuroprotective agents for use in stroke patients. 相似文献
1000.