全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2986篇 |
免费 | 155篇 |
国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 113篇 |
儿科学 | 225篇 |
妇产科学 | 93篇 |
基础医学 | 299篇 |
口腔科学 | 134篇 |
临床医学 | 258篇 |
内科学 | 612篇 |
皮肤病学 | 88篇 |
神经病学 | 251篇 |
特种医学 | 179篇 |
外科学 | 482篇 |
综合类 | 46篇 |
预防医学 | 50篇 |
眼科学 | 82篇 |
药学 | 126篇 |
中国医学 | 10篇 |
肿瘤学 | 107篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 47篇 |
2022年 | 50篇 |
2021年 | 91篇 |
2020年 | 76篇 |
2019年 | 73篇 |
2018年 | 88篇 |
2017年 | 80篇 |
2016年 | 122篇 |
2015年 | 113篇 |
2014年 | 153篇 |
2013年 | 170篇 |
2012年 | 237篇 |
2011年 | 249篇 |
2010年 | 130篇 |
2009年 | 136篇 |
2008年 | 218篇 |
2007年 | 228篇 |
2006年 | 208篇 |
2005年 | 195篇 |
2004年 | 150篇 |
2003年 | 142篇 |
2002年 | 106篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3155条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
111.
Yilmazer-Hanke DM Faber-Zuschratter H Blümcke I Bickel M Becker A Mawrin C Schramm J 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2007,177(3):384-399
Here, we report ultrastructural alterations in the synaptic circuitry of the human amygdala related to neuronal cell densities
in surgical specimens of patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The neuronal cell densities quantified in the
basolateral complex of amygdala were significantly reduced only in the lateral nucleus (LA) of TLE patients as compared to
autopsy or non-Ammon’s horn sclerosis (AHS) controls (Nissl staining, immunostaining against the neuronal marker NeuN). For
this reason, we focussed on the LA to perform a more detailed quantitative ultrastructural analysis, which revealed an inverse
correlation between the number of axo-somatic inhibitory synaptic profiles at the somata of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-negative
projection neurons and the extent of perisomatic fibrillary gliosis. In contrast, the density of GAD-immunoreactive interneurons
positively correlated with the number of axo-somatic inhibitory synaptic profiles. The fibrillary material in perisomatic
glial cell processes was preferentially labeled by the astroglial marker S100B. In addition, a qualitative study of the dendrites
of GAD- and parvalbumin (PARV)-containing interneurons showed that they were often contacted by asymmetrical excitatory synapses.
Our results are in line with anatomical data from rodents and cats, which show that amygdalar interneurons form axo-somatic
inhibitory synapses on GAD-negative projection neurons, whereas the interneurons themselves receive excitatory input from
recurrent collaterals of projection neurons and from cortico- and thalamo-amygdalar afferents. The structural reorganization
patterns observed in the GABAergic circuitry are compatible with a reduced feedback or feed forward inhibition of amygdalar
projection neurons in human TLE. 相似文献
112.
Kaya A Olmezoglu A Eren CS Bayol U Altay T Karapinar L Ozturk H Oztekin D Guvenli Y Karadogan I 《Clinical & experimental metastasis》2007,24(2):87-92
Background Metastasis to bone from endometrial adenocarcinoma is rare, when metastasises it usually locates in axial skeleton. Metastasis
to extremities is extremely rare. Additionally the detection of the bone metastasis as a presenting feature is uncommon. In
the present study we report the 10th cases of bone metastasis in the literature which located at tibial diaphysis and originated
from endometrial adenocarcinoma as a presenting feature of the primary disease.
Case Single tibial lesion was observed in a 70 years old woman. Biopsy confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma of the unknown origin.
We couldn’t find the primary origin with aggressive work-up. Tibial lesion regressed with radiotherapy. Endometrial adenocarcinoma
is detected after the end of disease-free one year with the symptom of vaginal bleeding. After 47 months from initial tibial
lesion and 35 months from gynaecologic operation, patient is still alive and disease free.
Discussion Patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma presenting an isolated skeletal metastasis may exhibit an unusual group with a better
prognosis.
This study was presented as a poster exhibition at the 5th Meeting of Asia-Pasific Musculo Skeletal Tumour Society held between
23 and 25, April 2004, Izmir, Turkey. 相似文献
113.
Utilization of health‐care services by young children: The aftermath of the Turkish Health Transformation Program
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The International journal of health planning and management》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Asena Caner Deniz Karaoğlan Gülbiye Yaşar 《The International journal of health planning and management》2018,33(3):596-613
The Turkish Health Transformation Program, initiated in 2003, has identified achieving universal access to health care as 1 of its main tenets. To date, substantial progress has been made toward universal health coverage. Service utilization statistics display an upward trend. In this study, we use official and nationally representative microdata collected by the Turkish Health Research Surveys to examine young children's (ages 0‐5) utilization of health services. Children in this age group deserve special attention because adverse health conditions in early childhood are known to have long‐time consequences. Policy makers regularly monitor statistics such as infant mortality rate and under‐5 mortality rate. We conduct logistic regression analyses to explain the probabilities of being taken to a health institution, to a dentist, and being included in the newborn screening program. We use a rich set of explanatory variables that represent the socioeconomic status (SES) of the child's household. Contrary to our expectations and to the goals of universal health coverage is SES indicators such as the insurance ownership of the parent matter for utilization. Decomposition analyses confirm these findings and reveal that the increase in utilization should have been higher than observed. Children from low SES households should be given special attention and that research efforts should focus on identifying the barriers that still hinder children's utilization of health‐care services. 相似文献
114.
Granular cell tumor is an uncommon lesion usually located in the head and neck region (50%) with a female sex predominance. It is believed to be of primitive neuroectodermal origin. Typical clinical presentation is a small, uninflamed, slowly growing, yellowish mass approximately 2 cm in diameter. Granular cell tumor has a peculiar clinical behavior ranging from clearly benign, locally aggressive, or manifestly malignant. Treatment is surgical excision, but recurrences are possible. In this article, we present a case of recurrent benign granular cell tumor with the discussion of the treatment modalities. The patient was a 16-year-old girl with a 3-year history of a painless mass on the right side of her neck. The mass was excised two times at different centers and diagnosed as granular cell tumor after the pathologic examination. The time interval between the operations and recurrences was approximately 1 year. On physical examination, a yellowish, firm, nodular mass measuring approximately 2 x 1 cm was noted. Cervical lymph nodes were evaluated with ultrasonography preoperatively to exclude metastasis and no pathologic lymph nodes were noted. The lesion was excised under local anesthesia with a 1-cm safe margin and the resulting defect was closed primarily after undermining of the wound edges. Postoperatively, the wound began to heal with a hypertrophic scar and immediate precautions were taken. Topical steroid treatment and silicone blocks were applied. Now the patient is in the sixth postoperative month and followed up every month for signs of recurrence. 相似文献
115.
Unlü RE Orbay H Ylmaz AD Aksoy E Uraloğlu M Sensöz O 《The Journal of craniofacial surgery》2007,18(3):661-664
The main principle of reconstructive surgery is replacement of the defective tissues with like tissues. A full-thickness defect of the nasal ala should be reconstructed in three layers: innermost mucosal layer, outermost skin, and the cartilage in-between. The aim of this study is to describe a technique for single-stage, three-layer reconstruction of the full-thickness ala nasi defects. This technique was used on three patients with tumors involving the nasal ala. Resulting full-thickness defects are reconstructed with a mucocartilaginous turnover flap planned from the contralateral side. Aesthetically acceptable results are obtained without the compromise of the nasal airway and with minimal donor site morbidity. None of the patients requested a revision operation. In conclusion, this is a novel technique with minimal donor site morbidity and good postoperative results. Moreover, lost tissues are replaced with exactly the same kind of tissues. 相似文献
116.
117.
Korasli D Ziraman F Ozyurt P Cehreli SB 《Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)》2007,138(5):634-640
BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the coronal marginal leakage of endodontically treated teeth bonded with four self-etching adhesives and one total-etch adhesive system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The investigators prepared Class II cavities in 60 extracted human premolars. They performed conventional endodontic therapy using a resin-based sealer and gutta-percha points. They randomly assigned each tooth to a group receiving one of the following adhesives: Adper Prompt L-Pop (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan), FL Bond (Shofu, Kyoto, Japan), Single Bond (3M ESPE) or Xeno III (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany). They restored all teeth with resin-based composite material (Z250, 3M ESPE). Specimens underwent thermocycling and dye penetration and were sectioned longitudinally. The authors photographed the sections under a stereomicroscope. They transferred the images to an IBM-compatible personal computer for quantitative assessment of dye penetration using image analysis software. They analyzed data by means of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (P = .05) and evaluated two specimens from each group under scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: None of the tested self-etch adhesives completely eliminated microleakage. Dye leakage was restricted to the coronal cavity walls; it did not migrate toward the pulp chamber or toward the root canal. Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond showed significantly lower dye penetration values at occlusal and gingival margins. CONCLUSIONS: The coronal sealing performance of the tested self-etch adhesive systems in endodontically treated teeth was material-dependent. The use of Clearfil SE Bond in such teeth can help achieve a marginal seal comparable to that achieved with Single Bond. 相似文献
118.
Verena Fischer Deniz Ragipoglu Johanna Diedrich Lena Steppe Anne Dudeck Konrad Schütze Miriam Kalbitz Florian Gebhard Melanie Haffner-Luntzer Anita Ignatius 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2022,37(1):137-151
Mast cells are important tissue-resident sensor and effector immune cells but also play a major role in osteoporosis development. Mast cells are increased in numbers in the bone marrow of postmenopausal osteoporotic patients, and mast cell–deficient mice are protected from ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss. In this study, we showed that mast cell–deficient Mcpt5-Cre R-DTA mice were protected from OVX-induced disturbed fracture healing, indicating a critical role for mast cells in the pathomechanisms of impaired bone repair under estrogen-deficient conditions. We revealed that mast cells trigger the fracture-induced inflammatory response by releasing inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6, midkine (Mdk), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and promote neutrophil infiltration into the fracture site in OVX mice. Furthermore, mast cells were responsible for reduced osteoblast and increased osteoclast activities in OVX mice callus, as well as increased receptor activator of NF-κB ligand serum levels in OVX mice. Additional in vitro studies with human cells showed that mast cells stimulate osteoclastogenesis by releasing the osteoclastogenic mediators Mdk and CXCL10 in an estrogen-dependent manner, which was mediated via the estrogen receptor alpha on mast cells. In conclusion, mast cells negatively affect the healing of bone fractures under estrogen-deficient conditions. Hence, targeting mast cells might provide a therapeutic strategy to improve disturbed bone repair in postmenopausal osteoporosis. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). 相似文献
119.
Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function with Doppler tissue imaging: effects of preload and place of measurements 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
Dincer I Kumbasar D Nergisoglu G Atmaca Y Kutlay S Akyurek O Sayin T Erol C Oral D 《The international journal of cardiovascular imaging》2002,18(3):155-160
Mitral inflow velocities are widely used for the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. However, they are closely affected by other factors such as preload. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of tissue Doppler velocities obtained from the mitral annulus for the evaluation of ventricular relaxation in patients under different loading conditions. We also evaluated the effect of preload at different sides on the mitral annulus. The study population consisted of 62 consecutive patients (38 male, 24 female with a mean age of 42 ± 13 years) who have undergone hemodialysis. Both mitral inflow velocities (E wave, A wave, E wave deceleration time and isovolumetric relaxation time) and mitral annulus tissue Doppler velocities (E, A) from the septal, lateral, anterior, posterolateral and inferior sides of the mitral annulus were measured immediately before and after hemodialysis. Mitral inflow E and A wave velocities and E/A ratio decreased significantly (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, p < 0.001, respectively) after hemodialysis. Mitral annulus E wave velocities and E/A ratios obtained from five different sides of the annulus also changed significantly (p < 0.001 for all); however, there was no change in the A wave velocity (p > 0.05 for all) after hemodialysis. The decrease in E wave and E/A ratio in mitral inflow measurements and E velocities and E/A ratios in tissue Doppler measurements were correlated with the amount of fluid extracted (for mitral inflow E wave, r = 0.392, p = 0.002 and E/A ratio, r = 0.280 and p = 0.027; for lateral side E, r = 0.329, p = 0.009 and E/A ratio, r = 0.286, p = 0.04; for septal side E, r = 0.376, p = 0.003 and E/A ratio, r = 0.297, p = 0.019; for anterior side E, r = 0.342, p = 0.007 and E/A ratio, r = 0.268, p = 0.035; for posterolateral side E, r = 0.423, p = 0.001 and E/A ratio, r = 0.343, p = 0.007; and for inferior side E, r = 0.326, p = 0.01 and E/A ratio, r = 0.278, p = 0.029). We conclude that mitral annular velocities obtained by tissue Doppler are preload dependent parameters for the evaluation of LV diastolic function. 相似文献
120.
Abdulkadir Bedirli Deniz Yucel Burcu Ekim 《JSLS, Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons》2014,18(3)