Circadian effects of escapable and inescapable shock on the food intake and wheelrunning of rats.

The feeding and running activities of rats were used to characterize the stressful effects of footshock. A 12-hour light/dark cycle was continuously in effect. During the preshock stage, all rats lived in individual cages where they could drink water, press a lever once for each 45 mg food pellet or run in an attached running wheel. During the shock stage, rats were moved to cages where they could drink and eat, but not run. Five s of light followed by 5 s of a light + tone compound preceded five progressively more intense shock levels. Rats in group AE were trained to pull a ceiling chain to avoid/escape from footshocks that were scheduled 24 hours per day. In group YS, the frequency, intensity and pattern of shocks for a rat were yoked to a rat in group AE. Rats in group CN were not shocked. During recovery, rats were allowed to resume running. During the dark, but not the light of the first day of shock, the intake of groups AE and YS was less than the intake of group CN. By the third day of shock, the food intake of group AE recovered and was no longer different from the intake of group CN. Intake of group YS remained less than the intakes of groups AE and CN during the remainder of the shock stage. When shock was terminated, the intake of the YS group recovered, but neither running nor food intake differed among groups. These results suggest that although inescapable shock disrupts food intake more than escapable shock, this disruption is specific to the duration of the shock stage and depends on rat's circadian pattern of intake.     

Computer Navigation Helps Reduce the Incidence of Noise After Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

Noise after ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a well-recognized problem. Computer navigation has been shown to achieve desired implant orientation. Our aim was (1) to compare the incidence of noise between navigated and conventional CoC THAs and (2) to determine the factors associated with noise.

Invasive fungal infections in renal transplant patients: a single center study

Background: Timely diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in renal transplant (RT) patients on immunosuppression is often difficult, jeopardizing their life and graft. We reported IFI and their causative fungal agents in post-RT patients.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective 6-year clinical study carried out from 2010 to 2015 on 1900 RT patients. Clinical data included patient-donor demographics, time to onset of infection, risk factors and graft function in terms of serum creatinine (SCr). To identify IFI, we examined bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), blood, tissue, and wound swab samples by conventional mycological methods.

Results: IFI were diagnosed in 30 (1.56%) patients on triple immunosuppression, mainly males (n?=?25) with mean age of 36.57?±?11.9 years at 13.12?±?18.35 months post-RT. Aspergillus species was identified in 11 BAL, one tissue, and one wound specimen each, 30.76% of these were fatal and 15.38% caused graft loss; Candida albicans was in nine BAL, four blood, two wound swab, and one tissue specimens, 25% of these were fatal and 25% had graft loss and one mucor in BAL which was fatal. Seven patients were diabetic, 10 had superadded cytomegalovirus infection, and 15 were anti-rejected.

Conclusion: IFI are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in RT patients. Triple immunosuppression, broad spectrum antibiotics for?≥?two weeks, diabetes and superadded infection are added risks for these patients. Prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate management are necessary to improve their prognosis.     

Long Non Coding RNA in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Promising Biomarker in Tumorigenesis

Globally, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an unsurpassed variant of breast cancer (BC) with a very high fatality rate, and disease burden. Nevertheless, the deficit of diagnostic markers and focused treatment are major hurdles for potent therapeutics. They are also the reason for bad outcomes and causes of a worse prognosis and a high rate of flare up in patients with TNBC diagnosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are a new class of molecules that have recently gained interest in healthcare management due to their potential as biomarkers for human diseases especially cancers. The growing interest in lncRNA in clinical practice has created an unmet need for developing assays to test lncRNA quickly and accurately for early diagnostics. These lncRNA modulate multiple stages of tumor development, including growth, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases, by controlling several genes and changing metabolic networks. Highly invasive phenotype and chemo resistance are prominent characteristics of TNBC subtypes that require accurate diagnostic and prognostic instruments involving lncRNA. This review focusses on the evolving purpose and coalition of lncRNAs in TNBC and accentuates their capable effects in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Moreover, the extensive literature analysis of our review creates an opportunity in the translational application concerning the TNBC lncRNAs described until now. The depiction of lncRNAs enrolled in TNBC is comprehensive, and sufficient substantiation studies are the need of the hour to authenticate the current outcomes and create imminent upcoming of elemental research setting into clinical practice.     

Type 2 Diabetes and Its correlates: A Cross Sectional Study in a Tertiary Hospital of Nepal

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an emerging global health problem in Nepal. However, there is still a paucity of information on its burden and its risk factors among service users from a hospital based setting. This is a cross sectional study conducted among the service users of diabetes clinic in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital of Nepal. A sample size of 154 was selected systematically from the patient registration from 30th July to 16th August, 2013. Of the 154 participants, 42.85?% had T2DM. Higher mean body mass index (26.50?±?5.05 kg/m²) and waist circumference (92.47?±?11.30 cm) was found among the individuals with T2DM and, compared to those without diabetes (Body mass index 25.13?±?4.28 kg/m²: waist circumference 88.91?±?12.30 cm) (P?=?0.013). In further analysis, the sedentary occupation (aOR 3.088; 95?% CI 1.427–6.682), measure of high waist circumference (aOR 2.758; 95?% CI 1.238–6.265) individuals from lower socioeconomic status (aOR 3.989; 95?% CI 1.636–9.729) right knowledge on symptoms of diabetes (aOR 3.670; 95?% CI 1.571–8.577) and right knowledge on prevention of diabetes (aOR 3.397; 95?% CI 1.377–8.383) were significantly associated with T2DM status. The current findings suggest that health programs targeting T2DM should focus increasing awareness on harmful health effects of sedentary occupation, symptoms of T2DM and its prevention among the urban population.     

Standardization and Wound-Healing Activity of Petroleum,Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Ficus Benghalensis Leaves

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal - Wound healing is the repair process of injury on the skin and other soft tissues. After injury, an inflammatory response occurs and tissue cells below the dermis...     

Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Major Phenolic Components from Flowers of Ghav-Patta (Argyreia Speciosa Linn.) Via Response Surface Model

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal - Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) or ultrasonic extraction technology has been used for the isolation of bioactive compounds from Argyreia speciosa (Linn. f.)...