戊二醛交联甲壳胺膜的制备及其渗透性的研究

本文制备戊二醛交联甲壳胺膜。研究了戊二醛交联对膜的亲水性，结晶性的影响；探讨了交联对肌肝、尿素、尿酸的渗透；测定膜在于干态和湿态下的力学机械性能。     

Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折的生物力学分析

目的　测试Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折的生物力学特性 ,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法　采集新鲜牛尸体膝关节标本 6具 ,制成髌骨骨折模型 ,用Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带固定 ,并与克氏针张力带、单纯钢丝环扎进行对照比较。结果　Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带内固定完全符合髌骨的生物力学性能 ,与克氏针张力带相当 ,能满足膝关节的强度 ,符合人体正常生理功能要求。结论　Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带固定治疗髌骨骨折 ,具有优越的生物力学性能 ,且能达到解剖复位 ,操作简便 ,固定牢固 ,适应早期功能锻炼的目的     

Characterization of Hprt mutations in cDNA and genomic DNA of T-cell mutants from control and 1,3-butadiene-exposed male B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats

A multiplex PCR procedure for analysis of genomic DNA mutations in the mouse hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) gene was developed and then used with other established methods for the coincident identification of large- and small-scale genetic alterations in the Hprt gene of mutant T-cell isolates propagated from sham- and 1,3-butadiene (BD)-exposed mice and rats. The spectra data for RT-PCR/cDNA analysis and multiplex PCR of genomic DNA from Hprt mutants were combined, and statistical analyses of the mutant fractions for the classes of mutations identified in control versus exposed animals were conducted. Under the assumption that the mutant fractions are distributed as Poisson variates, BD exposure of mice significantly increased the frequencies of (1) nearly all types of base substitutions; (2) single-base deletions and insertions; and (3) all subcategories of deletions. Significantly elevated fractions of G:C-->C:G and A:T-->T:A transversions in the Hprt gene of BD-exposed mice were consistent with the occurrence of these substitutions as the predominant ras gene mutations in multiple tumor types increased in incidence in carcinogenicity studies of BD in mice. BD exposure of rats produced significant increases in (1) base substitutions only at A:T base pairs; (2) single-base insertions; (3) complex mutations; and (4) deletions (mainly 5' partial and complete gene deletions). Future coincident analyses of large- and small-scale mutations in rodents exposed to specific BD metabolites should help identify species differences in the sources of deletion mutations and other types of mutations induced by BD exposures in mice versus rats.     

中国人原发无精与严重少精症Y染色体AZF区域微缺失的分子流行病学研究

目的 明确与中国人原发无精和严重少精症密切相关的Y染色体无精症因子(azoospermia factor，AZF)区域微缺失位点及其缺失特点，为开展中国人AZF微缺失基因诊断提供理论依据。方法 采用多重聚合酶链反应技术，针对实验组134例原发无精、118例原发严重少精症患者与对照组210名已正常生育男性，进行AZFa、AZFb、AZFe三个区域共15个序列标签位点(sequence tag site，STS)的微缺失分析。结果 对照组在所有15个STS位点中均未发现缺失，实验组STS位点缺失涉及到13个STS位点，分别是：AZFa区的sY84、sY86，AZFb区的sYl21、sYl23、sYl24、sYl27、sYl34、sYl33，AZFc区的sYl52、sY242、sY254、sY255、sYl57。在5例无精患者中发现AZFa区STS位点缺失，缺失率为2．0％，在7例无精与3例少精患者中发现AZFb区STS位点缺失，缺失率为4．0％，在14例无精与18例少精患者中发现AZFc区STS位点缺失，缺失率为12．7％。统计学分析提示实验组与对照组13个STS位点缺失率差异有极显著性。结论所确定的AZF区域13个STS位点缺失与中国人原发无精和严重少精密切相关，未发现上述STS位点缺失的群体多态现象；中国人原发无精和严重少精症AZF区域微缺失的频率、分布、缺失热区与白人基本一致；所选择的13个STS位点可作为中国人原发无精与严重少精症AZF区域微缺失基因诊断筛查的候选位点。     

Frequent co-localization of Cox-2 and laminin-5 gamma2 chain at the invasive front of early-stage lung adenocarcinomas

Laminin-5 is an extracellular matrix protein that plays a key role in cell migration and tumor invasion. Cox-2 is an induced isoform of cyclooxygenases that plays an important role in carcinogenesis, suppression of apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of colon cancer. We report frequent co-expression of cox-2 and laminin-5 at the invasive front of early-stage lung adenocarcinomas. We investigated the expression of cox-2 and laminin-5 immunohistochemically in 102 cases of small-sized lung adenocarcinoma (maximum dimension, 2 cm or less). Cox-2 and laminin-5 were expressed in 97 (95.1%) and 82 (80.4%) cases, respectively. Both were preferentially localized in cancer cells at the cancer-stroma interface, although cox-2 tended to show a diffuse staining pattern in some cases. A comparison of their staining patterns revealed a striking similarity in their distribution in 24 cases, and a partial overlap between their localization in another 20 cases. Moreover, an overall correlation was found between the expression levels of cox-2 and laminin-5 (P = 0.018). To gain insight into the mechanisms that regulate the expression of these proteins, we additionally studied their expression in 58 cases of stage I lung adenocarcinoma, in which p53 status was determined by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and direct sequencing. The results showed that tumors with mutant p53 tended to express more cox-2 than those with wild-type p53 (P = 0.080). Also, tumors that overexpressed p53 had higher levels of cox-2 and laminin-5 than those without p53 overexpression (P = 0.032 and 0.047, respectively). Further immunohistochemical analysis showed that tumors that overexpressed both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and erbB-2 had higher levels of cox-2 and laminin-5 than those without concomitant overexpression of these proteins (P = 0.014 and P = 0.018, respectively). To see whether EGFR signaling is involved in cox-2 and laminin-5 expression, we further conducted in vitro analyses using six lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549, HLC-1, ABC-1, LC-2/ad, VMRC-LCD, and L27). Western blot analyses showed that cox-2 mRNA levels, and to a lesser extent laminin-5 gamma2 mRNA levels, correlated with the expression levels of erbB-2 and the phosphorylated form of MAPK/ERK-1/2 protein. The addition of transforming growth factor-alpha increased both cox-2 and laminin-5 gamma2 mRNA levels in A549, ABC-1, and L27 with different kinetics; the induction of cox-2 occurred earlier than that of laminin-5 gamma2. Finally, the migration of ABC-1 cells was inhibited by MAP kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 and a selective cox-2 inhibitor NS-398. In contrast, the migration of A549 cells was inhibited by PD98059, but much less effectively by NS-398. These results suggest that co-stimulatory mechanisms may exist that increase the expression of cox-2 and laminin-5 at the invasive front of lung adenocarcinomas and that EGFR signaling could be one of the mechanisms. Further investigations are warranted concerning the role of cox-2 and laminin-5 in cancer cell invasion and the significance of p53 and EGFR signaling in the regulation of cox-2 and laminin-5 expression.     

THP-1单核细胞氧化低密度脂蛋白过程中基因表达谱的改变

目的检测与巨噬细胞氧化低密度脂蛋白可能相关的信号传导相关蛋白基因。方法利用低密度脂蛋白作用人单核细胞系THP-1,通过基因芯片分析人信号相关蛋白的表达谱,期望获得阐明氧化机制的有价值的线索。结果在被检测的1 651个基因中,13个基因的表达变化超过了2倍以上,其中9个基因表达增加,4个基因表达减少。在表达增加的基因中,有2个基因已在新近的报道中被认为可能与动脉粥样硬化相关。结论我们的发现可能为揭示巨噬细胞氧化低密度脂蛋白的机制提供全新的思路。     

CR影像板感光性能与成像次数相关性研究

目的 研究IP板曝光性能与使用期限的关系.材料和方法将不同使用期限的三组IP板分别用75KV,40mAs,115cm焦-片距及活动滤线器进行铝梯曝光;并统一选择相同部位及照射等级用CR系统扫描,最后在不经任何后处理的情况于同一时段内用激光打印机打印冲洗,分别测量各铅梯密度值,并计算出各组平均值及标准差.结果 3组IP板灰度等级平均值经χ2检验,无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 IP板在使用近万次时,其感光性能未有明显变化,在这一阶段,影响IP板使用寿命的不是PSL物质的性能衰减,而是实际应用中发生的IP板机械损伤.     

CCK-8上调小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞B7.1和B7.2表达并增强其协同刺激活性

目的： 探讨八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK-8）对静息巨噬细胞B7.1和B7.2表达及其协同刺激功能的影响。方法：用CCK-8（10-12-10-6 mol/L）孵育小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞一定时间，采用流式细胞术分析细胞表面B7.1和B7.2含量的变化。用免疫磁珠从小鼠脾细胞分离CD4+T细胞，按4∶〖KG-*2〗1数量比与腹腔巨噬细胞（预先用CCK-8和/或抗B7.1抗体、抗B7.2抗体、CCK1R拮抗剂CR1409、CCK2R拮抗剂CR2945孵育24 h）共同体外培养，同时加入ConA 5 mg/L，采用［3H］掺入法测定CD4+T细胞增殖反映巨噬细胞的协同刺激活性。结果：CCK-8可上调静息巨噬细胞B7.1及B7.2的表达，并增强巨噬细胞的协同刺激活性。CCK-8的作用呈剂量依赖性，最大效应剂量是在10-9-10-7 mol/L之间。抗B7.2抗体可减轻CCK-8增强巨噬细胞协同刺激活性的作用，CR1409及CR2945均能逆转CCK-8的上述作用，且CR1409的作用较CR2945更明显。结论：CCK-8通过上调巨噬细胞B7.2表达而增强其协同刺激活性，该作用由CCK1R及CCK2R介导，其中CCK1R起主要介导作用。     

单肺移植手术前后的供体肺保护

目的 探讨肺移植手术前后供体肺保护的处理经验.方法 回顾性分析了2003年1月至2006年8月本院施行的同种异体单肺移植手术9例,其中左侧3例,右侧6例.冷低钾肺保护液灌注移植肺,术后三联免疫抑制剂抗排斥,并分析术后的胸片评分、氧合指数及肺动脉压变化情况.结果 供体肺缺血时间平均为(308.6±50.8)min.8例患者均成功脱离呼吸机并存活过围手术期(＞30 d),术后拔除气管插管时间平均(4.8±3.4)d,1例未能脱机并在术后22 d死亡.结论 肺保护需要在多个环节中加以控制,不同时期的保护侧重点不同.