聚焦超声联合程序性死亡蛋白1单克隆抗体治疗大鼠脑胶质瘤

目的 观察聚焦超声(FUS)联合程序性死亡蛋白1(PD-1)单克隆抗体药物治疗大鼠脑胶质瘤的效果.方法 建立SD大鼠脑胶质瘤模型,随机分为FUS组、PD-1单抗组、联合治疗组及对照组,每组8只.于造模后第9天始对前3组分别给予干预,隔天1次,共4次:FUS组经尾静脉注入微泡后行FUS辐照,PD-1单抗组予腹腔注射PD-...     

丽水市2016-2019年低出生体重发生情况及影响因素分析

目的分析丽水市2016-2019年低出生体重发生情况及其影响因素,为减少低出生体重发生率制定干预措施提供依据。方法回顾性分析丽水市妇幼保健院2016-2019年分娩的934例低出生体重儿发生的临床数据,采用多因素Logistic回归分析低出生体重发生的危险因素。结果 2016-2019年妇幼保健院共分娩活产19 535例胎儿,其中低出生体重儿934例,发生率为4.78%;2016-2019年低出生体重儿发生率差异无统计学意义(χ_趋势²=0.019,P=0.891);多因素Logistic回归显示,早产(OR=46.283,95%CI:38.408～56.773)、双胎(OR=7.023,95%CI:5.347～9.223)、女婴(OR=1.549,95%CI:1.304～1.841)、妊娠高血压(OR=4.945,95%CI:3.262～7.498)、胎膜早破(OR=1.305,95%CI:1.053～1.618)、胎儿窘迫(OR=2.103,95%CI:1.515～2.919)、胎盘早剥(OR=1.651,95%CI:1.152～2.366...     

气管内硬膜外联合麻醉下的超前镇痛

目的研究气管内硬膜外联合麻醉下,硬膜外给药时间不同、全麻诱导药物不同对术后镇痛产生的影响。方法开腹行切除肝癌、胃癌的病人120例,随机分为A、B、C、D4组,每组30例。A组:在T8-9经硬膜外注入1%利多卡因和0.25%布比卡因混合液6～8ml,再经硬膜外注入含吗啡2mg、氟哌利多2.5mg的生理盐水10ml;全身麻醉诱导药物为芬太尼3μg·kg-1,异丙酚1～1.5mg·kg-1,琥珀胆碱2mg·kg-1。B组:诱导药物中不使用芬太尼,用利多卡因1～1.5mg·kg-1代替,术中也不使用芬太尼,其余条件同A组。C组:在T8-9行硬膜外穿刺,之后行全身麻醉诱导,诱导药物为芬太尼3μg·kg-1,异丙酚2～2.5mg·kg-1,琥珀胆碱2mg·kg-1,必要时可加芬太尼2～3μg·kg-1。切皮后90min,经硬膜外注入1%利多卡因和0.25%布比卡因6～8ml,再经硬膜外注入含吗啡2mg、氟哌利多2.5mg的生理盐水10ml。D组:诱导药物中不使用芬太尼,用利多卡因1～1.5mg·kg-1代替,术中也不使用芬太尼,其余条件同C组。分别于术毕后4、8、24、48h观测VAS、镇痛药消耗量、恶心、呕吐、骚痒等指标。结果A组的药物消耗量最少、镇痛效果最好;B组和C组次之;D组的药物消耗量最大,镇痛效果最差。结论硬膜外复合气管内麻醉时,硬膜外麻醉与芬太尼同时使用,术后镇痛效果最好。     

肝细胞癌肿瘤标记物的研究进展

肝细胞癌是严重危害人类生命的一种恶性肿瘤,但其发病机制目前仍未清楚。而临床上大多数患者就诊时已届中晚期。失去了最佳治疗时机,为患者提供治疗的关键是早期诊断．而肿瘤标记物在这方面有其独到的优势,尽管AFP检测在临床上已广泛应用。但还不能完全满足临床要求,所以寻找有助于早期诊断的肿瘤标记物具有很高的临床价值。本文就目前临床上正应用的和近年来新发现的肿瘤标记物综述如下。     

大肠癌的靶向治疗

大肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率及死亡率亦逐年上升,严重威胁人们的生命。目前对大肠癌的治疗仍是以手术为主、辅以局部或全身放疗及化疗的综合治疗。早期大肠癌手术治疗效果明确,但有20～25%左右的患者在首诊时已有其它器官的转移给治疗带来了困难。而靶向治疗作为一种新的治疗手段,为晚期大肠癌的治疗开辟了新途径。     

Moderate Hypofractionated Helical Tomotherapy for Older Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer: Long-term Outcomes of a Phase I–II Trial

BackgroundOur previous study showed that two different regimens of moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) delivered with helical tomotherapy (HT) are well tolerated in older prostate cancer patients. We provide a longterm efficacy and toxicity after > 7 years of follow-up.Patients and methodsThe study recruited 33 patients from February 2009 to July 2011 (76 Gy/34F; Group-1); and 34 from July 2011 to February 2014 (71.6 Gy/28F; 50.4 Gy/25F for the risk of pelvic lymph nodes involvement (LNI) >15%; Group-2). The primary outcomes were biochemical failure (BF), biochemical failure and clinical disease failure (BCDF), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), late genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity.ResultsThe average ages of two groups were 80 and 77 years and the proportions of patients with LNI > 15% were 69.7% and 73.5%, respectively. At the final follow-up in February 2020, 27.3% and 20.6% cases experienced BF, with a median time until BF of 3.3 years. A total of 38.8% patients reached primary endpoints, in which 18 deaths were reported BCDF events (45.5% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.271). There was no significant difference in 7-year PFS (68.6% vs. 74.8%, p = 0.591), BCDF (45.5% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.271) and OS (71.9% vs. 87.5%, p = 0.376) for full set analysis and for subgroup analysis (all p > 0.05). The incidence of grade ≥ 2 late GU (6.2% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.127) and GI toxicities (9.4% vs. 15.6%, p = 0.554) was comparable.ConclusionsIn older patients with localized prostate cancer, two moderate hypofractionated regimens were all well tolerated with similar, mild late toxicities and satisfactory survival, without necessity of prophylactic pelvic node irradiation.Key words: helical tomotherapy, radiation dose hypofractionation, progression-free survival, follow-up studies, prostatic neoplasms, adenocarcinoma     

Schisandra chinensis essential oil attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury through alleviating oxidative stress and activating autophagy

ContextSchisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Magnoliaceae) essential oil (SCEO) composition is rich in lignans that are believed to perform protective effects in the liver.ObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of SCEO in the treatment of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice.Materials and methodsC57BL/6 mice (n = 56) were randomly divided into seven groups: normal; APAP (300 mg/kg); APAP plus bicyclol (200 mg/kg); APAP plus SCEO (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg). Serum biochemical parameters for liver function, inflammatory factors, and antioxidant activities were determined. The protein expression levels of Nrf2, GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, p62, and LC3 were assessed by western blotting. Nrf2, GCLC, HO-1, p62, and LC3 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR.ResultsCompared to APAP overdose, SCEO (2 g/kg) pre-treatment reduced the serum levels of AST (79.4%), ALT (84.6%), TNF-α (57.3%), and IL-6 (53.0%). In addition, SCEO (2 g/kg) markedly suppressed cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) (15.4%) and attenuated the exhaustion of GSH (43.6%) and SOD (16.8%), and the accumulation of MDA (22.6%) in the liver, to inhibit the occurrence of oxidative stress. Moreover, hepatic tissues from our experiment revealed that SCEO pre-treatment mitigated liver injury caused by oxidative stress by increasing Nrf2, HO-1, and GCL. Additionally, SCEO activated autophagy, which upregulated hepatic LC3-II and decreased p62 in APAP overdose mice (p < 0.05).Discussion and conclusionsOur evidence demonstrated that SCEO protects hepatocytes from APAP-induced liver injury in vivo and the findings will provide a reliable theoretical basis for developing novel therapeutics.     

超声诊断颌下腺炎的临床应用

目的探讨超声诊断颌下腺炎的临床应用价值。方法选取101例经手术证实的颌下腺炎的超声图像,分析颌下腺的大小、形态、内部回声及彩色血流情况。结果101例颌下腺炎中,急性炎症2例,慢性炎症99例,超声与手术病理结果符合率为98%。结论超声对颌下腺炎的诊断准确率较高,并能与颌下区占位性病变相鉴别。     

高频超声射频回波信号高速数据传输系统的设计

目的:为提高超声诊断设备数据传输的实时性和准确性,设计一种高频超声射频回波信号高速数据传输系统.方法:该系统基于现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)和单阵元高频宽带换能器设计,由FPGA控制处理模块、超声探头模块、射频回波信号处理模块、USB传输模块以及上位机组成.采...     

Circular RNAs: new biomarkers of chemoresistance in cancer

Chemotherapeutics are validated conventional treatments for patients with advanced cancer. However, with continual application of chemotherapeutics, chemoresistance, which is often predictive of poor prognosis, has gradually become a concern in recent years. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a closed-loop structure, have been reported to be notable targets and markers for the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of many diseases, particularly cancer. Although dozens of studies have shown that circRNAs play major roles in drug-resistance activity in tumors, the mechanisms by which circRNAs affect chemoresistance have yet to be explored. In this review, we describe the detailed mechanisms of circRNAs and chemotherapeutics in various cancers and summarize potential therapeutic targets for drug-resistant tumors.