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91.
After studying the historical importance of the domestic animal through the ages and the role of the "pet" animal in the contemporary world, the authors present an analysis of the literature dealing with the function of the animal in child development and the use of animals as therapeutic "tools". The author's then consider, based on a series of observations, the relationship certain mentally ill patients may establish with one or several pet animals and the significance this object relation may have for the patient : animals become invested as counter depressive or delusional objects, auxiliary means for identification and projection, symbiotic relationship, as well as encouraging feeling of security and responsibility. 相似文献
92.
L. Bergmann E. Weidmann H. M. Enzinger K. Fenchel D. Jonas P. S. Mitrou 《World journal of urology》1991,9(4):215-218
Summary Interferon-alpha (IFN-) and interleukin-2 (Il-2) are effective as single agents in metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) with response rates of 15–30%. Additionally, IFN- is assumed to act synergistically with Il-2 in the induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells. (LAK cells) in vitro. With the aims of increasing the response rate by combining both cytokines and of reducing side effects, we started a clinical trial with a daily alternating schedule of 10×106 units/m2 s.c. rIFN-2b (Essex, Munich, FRG) and 3×106 Cetus units/m2 rIL-2 (EuroCetus, Frankfurt, FRG) in the form of 1 h infusions over a period of 14 days. Patients found to have progressive disease after two cycles of therapy were withdrawn from the study; patients with stable disease or better received two further cycles.Of the 27 patients included in the study, 22 (16 male, 6 female) are evaluable for response. In 1 patient with multiple pulmonary metastases complete remission was achieved, in 5 patients partial remission, and in 2 a minor response. The schedule was practicable; the main side effects were influenza-like symptoms, fatigue and hypotension. Some patients suffered from arthralgias and erythemas up to 3 weeks after finishing the therapy cycle. On the whole, the side effects seem to be less severe than those arising from schedules using continuous Il-2 infusions.This work was supported by Grant No. 01GA8802 of the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie (BMFT) 相似文献
93.
Jonas JL 《Journal of music therapy》1991,28(3):149-160
The purpose of this study was to investigate seniors' comparative music preference for four generic styles including art music, country music, popular music of today, and traditional jazz. The study also attempted to identify certain variables that have an effect on preference. Sixty-three subjects with a mean age of 82.5 from four nursing homes in the South Central Michigan area participated in the study. An interview and musical preference test were administered to the subjects individually. The listening test consisted of 16 music selections, four from each style. The seniors judged how much they liked the selections on a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 indicating greatest preference. Results indicated that country music style was preferred the most, followed by traditional jazz, art music, and lastly popular music. Variables that were found to affect preference were education level, community size in which the seniors grew up, and music training outside the school setting. 相似文献
94.
Ohrvall U Eriksson B Juhlin C Karacagil S Rastad J Hellman P Akerström G 《World journal of surgery》2000,24(11):1402-1408
With adequate medical management the midgut carcinoid tumor generally is an indolent malignancy associated with substantial
life expectancy and appreciable life quality, even in the presence of liver metastases and significant tumor burden. Abdominal
complications may occur in this entity of carcinoids owing to entrapment of intestines and encasement of mesenteric vessels
by mesenteric metastases and associated marked mesenteric fibrosis. This may be the cause of abdominal pain, disabling diarrhea,
weight loss to the extent of malnutrition, and eventually the risk of death with acute or chronic intestinal obstruction or
intestinal gangrene. Operative removal of the mesentericointestinal lesion is often indicated to prevent or treat these complications
but may be technically difficult when mesenteric metastases extend in the vicinity of major vessels in the mesenteric root.
At laparotomy 56 patients with advanced midgut carcinoids underwent removal of the mesenteric tumor with a method for preserving
the mesenteric vessels. This was feasible by mobilizing and releasing the right colon and mesenteric root from posterior adhesions,
identifying the mesenteric artery below the pancreas, and free-dissecting this artery on the tumor capsule in the mobilized
mesentery. Dissection was successful even with tumors initially judged inoperable unless tumor growth completely surrounded
the mesenteric vessels or extended retroperitoneally. One patient was subjected to distal intestinal artery bypass. Symptom
relief was been substantial and often of long duration after mesenteric tumor removal in patients who prior to surgery often
had threatening intestinal ischemia. Patients with advanced midgut carcinoids may benefit markedly from dissectional removal
of mesenteric tumors, which (conceivably better than conventional wedge resection) preserves the length of the remaining intestine. 相似文献
95.
J Atzpodien H Kirchner U Jonas L Bergmann H Schott H Heynemann P Fornara S A Loening J Roigas S C Müller H Bodenstein S Pomer B Metzner U Rebmann R Oberneder M Siebels T Wandert T Puchberger M Reitz 《Journal of clinical oncology》2004,22(7):1188-1194
PURPOSE: We conducted a prospectively randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy of three outpatient therapy regimens in 341 patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were stratified according to known clinical predictors and were subsequently randomly assigned. Treatment arms were: arm A (n = 132), subcutaneous interferon alfa-2a (sc-IFN-alpha-2a), subcutaneous interleukin-2 (sc-IL-2), and intravenous (IV) fluorouracil; arm B (n = 146): arm A treatment combined with per oral 13-cis-retinoic acid; and arm C (n = 63), sc-IFN-alpha-2a and IV vinblastine. RESULTS: Treatment (according to the standard 8-week Hannover Atzpodien regimen) arms A, B, and C yielded objective response rates of 31%, 26%, and 20%, respectively. Arm B, but not arm A, showed a significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with arm C (P =.0248). Both arm A (median overall survival, 25 months; P =.0440) and arm B (median overall survival, 27 months; P =.0227) led to significantly improved overall survival (OS) compared with arm C (median OS, 16 months). All three sc-IFN-alpha-2a-based therapies were moderately or well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Our results established the safety and improved long-term therapeutic efficacy of sc-IL-2 plus sc-INF-alpha-2a-based outpatient immunochemotherapies, compared with sc-INF-alpha-2a/IV vinblastine. 相似文献
96.
The discovery of endocrine therapy of diseases of the prostate can be regarded as one of the most important events in the
history of medicine and in urology in particular. This article delivers an overview about scientists and clinicians involved
in this work during the last 200 years. A close historical relation between the endocrine therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia
and prostate cancer can be recognized. The historical framework between the work of John Hunter in the late eighteenth century,
that of Charles Brenton Huggins in the late 1930s, and that of Andrew Schally in the 1970s has been assembled herein. With
respect to all the other men who contributed greatly to this medical achievement, e.g., Edward L. Keyes and Russell S. Ferguson,
with their first report on radioorchiectomy for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer in 1936, this historical vignette
is intended to make them part of the historical record. 相似文献
97.
Schultheiss D Hiltl DM Meschi MR Machtens SA Truss MC Stief CG Jonas U 《World journal of urology》2000,18(6):431-435
Androgens influence important central and peripheral mechanisms of the erectile system. The relevance of a moderate decrease
of serum testosterone level for erectile dysfunction (ED) has not been clarified so far. The aim of our study was to offer
an easy transcutaneous method of androgen application. A previous study on the pharmacokinetic profile of the testosterone
gel applied, showed marked elevation of the serum levels of testosterone. In our study, 46 hypogonadal patients with ED and
total lack of vaginal penetration applied testosterone gel (4 mg/day; supplied by Azupharma, Germany) to the penile skin twice
a day over 6–8 weeks, after a run-in period with placebo gel of 2 weeks. All patients showed decreased testosterone serum
levels (<3 ng/ml) in at least two morning samples over a period of 3 weeks before treatment. Psychogenic etiology was excluded
by a sexual psychologist. Patient age was 37–69 years (mean 53.5). Three patients (6.5%) responded to placebo in the run-in
phase and were withdrawn from further treatment. Fifteen patients (32.6%) showed improved erection, allowing penetration and
sexual intercourse. Twenty-eight patients (60.9%) did not respond to therapy. Local genital skin irritation was not observed.
Elevation of peripheral testosterone was not correlated to a positive therapy response. A success-rate of 32.6% in this group
of patients after exclusion of psychogenic patients and placebo-responders seems to justify further investigations. A medication
period of 6–8 weeks is most probably too short to induce imaginable regenerative effects of testosterone on the erectile system.
We therefore suggest that future double-blind and placebo-controlled studies should be designed for a minimum of 3 months.
Testosterone gel may be a cost effective form of androgen administration. 相似文献
98.
A 15 year old boy with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidosis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome suffered recurrent episodes of severe intractable diarrhoea, steatorrhoea, and hypocalcaemia. The only treatment modality, which controlled the malabsorption syndrome, was immunosuppression with intravenous high dose methylprednisolone and oral methotrexate maintenance therapy. 相似文献
99.
100.
Associations between both genetic and environmental biomarkers and lung cancer: evidence of a greater risk of lung cancer in women smokers 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
Tang DL; Rundle A; Warburton D; Santella RM; Tsai WY; Chiamprasert S; Hsu YZ; Perera FP 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(11):1949-1953
This molecular epidemiologic case-control study of lung cancer incorporated
three complementary biomarkers: the glutathione S- transferase M1 (GSTM1)
null genotype, a potential marker of susceptibility, and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts (PAH- DNA) and sister chromatid exchanges
(SCE), both indicators of environmentally induced genetic damage.
Associations between biomarkers and lung cancer were investigated, as were
possible gene-environment interactions between the GSTM1 null genotype and
tobacco smoke exposure. Subjects included 136 primary non-small cell lung
cancer surgical patients and 115 controls at the Columbia Presbyterian
Medical Center. Questionnaire and Tumor Registry data, pre-treatment blood
samples and biomarker measurements on blood were obtained. Overall, GSTM1
null genotype was significantly associated with lung cancer [odds ratio
(OR) = 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-3.68]. ORs for GSTM1 and
lung cancer were significant in females (2.50, 1.09-5.72) and smokers
(2.25, 1.11-4.54) and not significant in males (1.4, 0.58-3.38) and
non-smokers (0.88, 0.18-4.33). However, ORs for males versus females and
smokers versus non-smokers did not differ significantly. The OR for GSTM1
and lung cancer in female smokers was 3.03 (1.09- 8.40), compared with 1.42
(0.53-4.06) in male smokers. In contrast to PAH-DNA adducts in leukocytes,
SCE did not differ between cases and controls. Neither biomarker differed
significantly between the two GSTM1 genotypes. The combined effect of
elevated PAH-DNA adducts and GSTM1 genotype on case-control status (16.19,
1.2-115) appeared multiplicative. Results suggest that the effect of the
GSTM1 null genotype is greatest in female smokers, which is consistent with
other evidence that indicates that women are at higher risk of lung cancer
than males, given equal smoking. Persons with both the GSTM1 deletion and
elevated PAH-DNA adducts may represent a sensitive subpopulation with
respect to carcinogens in tobacco smoke and other environmental media.
相似文献