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61.
Nobukatsu Nemoto Yu Nagase Jiro Abe Hiroshi Matsushima Yasuo Shirai Nobuo Takamiya 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1995,196(7):2237-2249
Side-chain functionalized polysiloxanes were prepared via polymer-analogous esterification of poly[(3-chloroformylpropyl)methylsiloxane] with 4-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)nitrobenzene ( P1 ), 4-[4-(ω-hydroxyalkyloxy)phenylazo]nitrobenzene ( P2 – P4 ), 4-{4-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl]anilinoazo}nitrobenzene ( P5 ), 4-(4-hydroxypiperidino)nitrobenzene ( P6 ), or 4-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidino]nitrobenzene ( P7 )., P1 , P3 , P4 and P5 exhibit liquid crystallinity, as deduced from differential scanning calorimetry, polarized microscopic observations and X-ray diffraction measurements. The liquid-crystalline phase of P1 and P5 is a nematic phase, and that of P3 and P4 is a smectic one. The second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement of a spin-coated film of P1 was carried out by the Maker fringe method using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm). The SHG profile after the heat treatment of a spin-coated film suggests a perpendicular orientation of the mesogenic molecules to the glass substrate. The SH light intensity of a corona-poled film was 20-fold higher than that of a film which was only heated, though no differences were observed in their UV-vis absorption spectra. These findings suggest that the mesogenic-molecular dipole moments are aligned to the same direction in the crystalline or liquid-crystalline phase by a poling treatment. 相似文献
62.
Kazutoshi Kudo T. Ohtsuki 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1998,122(1):23-30
Subjects made a fast elbow extension movement to designated target in response to a go signal. In 45% of trials a stop signal
was presented after the go signal, to which subjects were asked to stop the movement as rapidly as possible. The interstimulus
interval (ISI), or time interval between the go and stop signals, was randomly varied between 0 and 200 ms. Electromyographic
(EMG) activity was recorded from biceps brachii and triceps brachii. Subjects could sometimes completely inhibit initiation
of the movements when the ISI was 0 ms, but could rarely do so when the ISI exceeded 100 ms. For responses that were initiated
but stopped on the way, the amplitude of the movement decreased linearly as the time interval (=modification time) from the
stop signal to EMG onset increased. The peak velocity increased linearly as the movement amplitude increased. This tendency
was similar to those previously reported in step-tracking movements with various amplitudes. In spite of the similarity in
the kinematics of the movement, the EMG pattern was different from that of step-tracking movement. While the initial agonist
burst (AG1) decreased linearly after the modification time exceeded 100 ms, the antagonist burst (ANT) increased compared
with the go trial for the modification time from 0 to 200 ms and decreased after the modification time exceeded 300 ms. This
change of activation is analogous to functional modification of middle-latency reflex EMG response to load, or cutaneous perturbation.
In conclusion, it is suggested that adaptive mechanisms, which would functionally modify the reflex responses, are also continuously
working during voluntary movements in response to sudden changes in environmental information.
Received: 3 November 1997 / Accepted: 3 February 1998 相似文献
63.
Atsuo Murata Hitoshi Toda Ken -Ichi Uda Hirohito Hayashida Takeshi Kato Hidewaki Nakagawa Shigekazu Yokoyama Hideaki Morishita Toru Yamakawa Jiro Hirose Takesada Mori Nariaki Matsuura 《Inflammation》1994,18(4):337-347
Severe inflammatory responses after major surgeries, trauma, and infection develop multiple organ dysfunction. In the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of these responses, activated neutrophils are thought to be important in terms of their ability to produce various kinds of proteinases, which can degrade various proteins constructing human tissues. Among their proteinases, neutrophil elastase is the strongest serine proteinase secreted from activated neutrophils. Thus, we examined in this study the inhibitory effect and therapeutic efficacy of newly produced recombinant human Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor (R-020), which coded the second domain of human urinary trypsin inhibitor. R-020 was effective in significantly improving the survival rate after induction of the rat lethal peritonitis model (cecal ligation and punctureinduced septic shock model). We suggest that various serine proteinases are implicated in the pathogenesis of neutrophil-related multiple organ failure and that recombinant human Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor might be effective in the treatment of these kinds of organ dysfunction. 相似文献
64.
Interferon-{beta} inhibits bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by decreasing transforming growth factor-{beta} and thrombospondin 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Azuma A Li YJ Abe S Usuki J Matsuda K Henmi S Miyauchi Y Ueda K Izawa A Sone S Hashimoto S Kudoh S 《American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology》2005,32(2):93-98
Pulmonary fibrosis is the result of abnormal processes of repair that occur after lung injury. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is a key molecule in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Although clinical use of interferon (IFN)-beta did not improve survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, because some preclinical studies have suggested that IFN-beta is a potent inhibitor of fibrogenesis, beneficial effects of IFN-beta have been expected. We therefore attempted to determine effects of IFN-beta and investigated the mechanism of action of IFN-beta in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Bleomycin at Day 0 and IFN-beta for 4 wk were administered intravenously to ICR mice. At 28 d after bleomycin injection, histologic and chemical analysis was performed for evaluation of effects of IFN-beta. Tissue distribution and amounts of TGF-beta1 and thrombospondin (TSP)-1/2 were analyzed. IFN-beta attenuated prolylhydroxylase activity, resulting in inhibition of pulmonary fibrosis. Bleomycin-induced increase in TGF-beta1 in epithelial cells and extracellular matrix was attenuated by IFN-beta. TSP-1/2 was limited in platelets of control mice, but was present in foamy cells in fibrotic regions induced by bleomycin. These findings suggest that the antifibrotic effect of IFN-beta is inhibition of TGF-beta and its activation via decrease in TSP-1/2 in lung tissue and change in location of TSP-1/2 from platelets to foamy cells. 相似文献
65.
66.
In vivo labeling of amyloid with BF-108 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Suemoto T Okamura N Shiomitsu T Suzuki M Shimadzu H Akatsu H Yamamoto T Kudo Y Sawada T 《Neuroscience research》2004,48(1):65-74
Detection of aggregated amyloid-beta (Abeta) with a non-invasive imaging modality such as positron emission tomography (PET) was suggested to be ideal for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. We have been searching for imaging probe candidates with a high affinity for aggregated Abeta in vitro and in vivo and high lipophilicity, a characteristic that allows for the permeation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). As analyzed by Thioflavin T (ThT) assay and octanol/water partition coefficient test (PC), 3-diethylamino-6-(2-fluoroethyl)ethylaminoacridine (BF-108) were found to have high affinity for Abeta aggregates in vitro and high lipophilicity. Intravenously administrated BF-108 labeled Abeta aggregates injected into the amygdala as observed under a fluorescence microscope, showing this compound's permeability of BBB and an ability to label Abeta in vivo. BF-108 also labeled neuritic senile plaques (SPs), neurofibrillary tangles, and amyloid-laden vessels in temporal and hippocampal sections from AD patients. Following intravenous administration of BF-108 to an APP23 transgenic (TG) mouse, in vivo labeling of endogenous plaques was seen in brain sections by fluorescence microscopy. These properties suggest the potential utility of BF-108 for in vivo imaging of AD pathology. 相似文献
67.
We examined the action of high (2×10–8M) and low (6×10–9M) concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on water and urea transport in the rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) using the in vitro microperfusion technique. We measured the hydraulic conductivity (Lp ×10–6 cm/atm per second) and both lumen-to-bath (P
u(lb)) and bath-to-lumen (P
u(bl)) 14C-urea permeabilities (P
u× 10–5 cm/s) in the absence and in the presence of vasopressin (VP). High concentrations of ANF were able to inhibit the maximum activity of (50 U/ml) VP-stimulated L
p but physiological concentration of ANF inhibit only submaximum activity (10 U/ml) of VP-stimulated L
p. The hydrosmotic effect of dibutyryl-cyclic 3,5 adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (10–4M) was unchanged by high concentrations of ANF (2×10–8M). Also we found that high (10–4M) and low (10–6M) concentrations of exogenous cyclic 3,5-guanosine monophosphate (GMP) while unable to change the Lp in the absence of VP, decreased the maximum activity of VP-stimulated Lp significantly. We also found that ANF inhibits partially and in a reversible manner the VP-stimulated P
u(lb) but not the VP-stimulated P
u(bl). These results demonstrated that plasma concentrations of ANF observed during volume expansion (10–10M) are able to inhibit submaximum activity of VP-stimulated (10 U/ml) L
p in the rat IMCD, this effect seems to occur before cAMP formation and it appears to be mediated by cGMP. ANF (6× 10–9M) also reduced the VP-stimulated urea outflux. Therefore, the increase in water excretion produced by ANF could be explained, at least in part, by the inhibition by ANF of vasopressin effects on water and urea transport in the IMCD.This study was presented in part at the VI Latin American Congress of Nephrology, Brazil, October 1985 and at the Xth International Congress of Nephrology, London, July 1987. 相似文献
68.
Antigenic Characterization of Hantaan and Seoul Virus Nucleocapsid Proteins Expressed by Recombinant Baculovirus: Application of a Truncated Protein, Lacking an Antigenic Region Common to the Two Viruses, as a Serotyping Antigen 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
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Mayuko Morii Kumiko Yoshimatsu Jiro Arikawa Guizen Zhou Hiroaki Kariwa Ikuo Takashima 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1998,36(9):2514-2521
Hantaan virus (HTN) and Seoul virus (SEO) are members of the genus Hantavirus in the family Bunyaviridae and are causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The complete and truncated nucleocapsid proteins (NP) of HTN and SEO were expressed by a recombinant baculovirus system. Antigenic characterization of the NP using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) indicated that the binding sites for the serotype-specific MAbs were located between amino acids (aa) 155 and 429. A Western blot assay indicated that the serotype-specific epitopes were conformation dependent. An indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay with the truncated NP (aa 155 to 429) was able to distinguish convalescent-phase sera from HTN and SEO patients. However, the antibody titers with the truncated NP were lower than those with the whole NP. The truncated NP of SEO (aa 155 to 429) could be used as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen, but the truncated NP from HTN lost its reactivity when used for ELISA. The IFA assay using baculovirus-expressed truncated NP as an antigen is a rapid, simple, and safe test for distinguishing between HTN and SEO infections by serotype. 相似文献
69.
Chiaki Watanabe Makiko Kuwagata Shinsuke Yoshimura Jiro Azegami Kouichi Kojima Hiroshi Ono Tetsuji Nagao 《Clinical genetics》2003,43(3):177-179
ABSTRACT The technique for gavage administration to rat nurslings was improved to allow determination of the direct effects of chemical substances in the nurslings. Rat neonates were treated with distilled water from postnatal day 1 through 20 using this technique. The viability of neonates during the administration period was comparable to that of untreated neonates. No adverse effects of this technique on the development of neonates were found, and no histological alterations of the esophagus or pharynx. Therefore, we conclude that use of our improved gavage administration method will contribute to ensuring successful neonatal development and thus allowing accurate assessment of the toxicological effects of test compounds on rat nurslings. 相似文献
70.
McCuskey RS Ekataksin W LeBouton AV Nishida J McCuskey MK McDonnell D Williams C Bethea NW Dvorak B Koldovsky O 《The anatomical record. Part A, Discoveries in molecular, cellular, and evolutionary biology》2003,275(1):1019-1030
The development of hepatic microvascular heterogeneity after birth, and its temporal relationship to the development of parenchymal cell plates have received little attention. As a result, the morphogenesis of some of the parameters contributing to this heterogeneity in suckling and weaned rats was studied as a function of time between postpartum days 4 and 30 using in vivo light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunocytochemical methods. During the early suckling period, the sinusoid network is highly anastomotic, with little evidence of zonation, and the parenchymal cell plates contain multiple cells and are irregularly arranged throughout the lobule. Sinusoidal endothelial fenestration is sparse at 4 days, but phagocytic Kupffer cell (KC) function already exists and exhibits zonal heterogeneity, with more cells located in the periportal zone. With increasing age, endothelial fenestrae increase and organize as sieve plates. Widened centrilobular radial sinusoids form through a loss ("drop-out") of intersinusoidal sinusoids (ISS). Concomitantly, the associated cell plates straighten and become one cell thick. Hepatocyte DNA synthesis and mitosis are higher in the periportal zone, which retains thickened cell plates and anastomotic sinusoids. The centrilobular sinusoids may widen to accommodate the increased volume of blood that results from the loss of ISS as well as the increased numbers of periportal sinusoids containing flow that feed these vessels. KC phagocytic activity increases during the suckling period concomitant with an increase of gut-derived endotoxin in the portal blood, which suggests that the KCs may be releasing mediators that affect sinusoid diameter, blood flow, endothelial fenestration, and perhaps parenchymal growth either directly or through the stimulation of growth factors. 相似文献