乳腺良恶性肿瘤钼靶X线分析

目的:通过比较乳腺良恶性肿瘤钼靶X线表现与病理结果的关系,提高对乳腺肿瘤的诊断水平.方法:依据乳腺癌主要征像及次要征像,分析68例乳腺肿瘤患者钼靶X线征像(经手术及病理证实).结果:68例乳腺肿物中36例为恶性,32例为良性,恶性病变中均有较特异征像,如小于临床的肿块、钙化、毛刺、导管征、局部浸润、漏斗征、皮肤增厚等,其中包括主要征像及次要征像,结论:乳腺钼靶X线摄影对乳腺肿瘤的诊断具有重要价值.     

中国乳腺X线筛查项目中联合应用超声检查的价值

目的：评估在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声检查在乳腺筛查中的价值。方法：选取复旦大学附属肿瘤医院通过乳腺筛查项目筛查出,并在初筛时同时行乳腺X线摄片和超声检查的40岁以上女性乳腺癌病人。分析单用乳腺X线摄片、单用超声和在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声在检出恶性病例时的诊断灵敏度,并进一步分析单用乳腺X线摄片和在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声的诊断灵敏度与年龄及腺体致密度间的关系。结果：筛查发现并符合入组标准的乳腺癌病例共42例,单用乳腺X线摄片、单用超声和在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声的诊断灵敏度分别为81.0%、64.3%、95.2%,单用乳腺X线摄片和在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声的诊断灵敏度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。多量型和致密型乳腺,在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声的诊断灵敏度比单用乳腺X线摄片高,其差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但在年轻女性（50岁以下）中,没有发现差异（P〉0.05）。结论：乳腺X线摄片诊断灵敏度高于乳腺超声检查,在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声可提高乳腺筛查的诊断灵敏度,在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声推荐用于腺体密度较高的乳腺筛查。     

Comparison of serum tumor markers for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma

Serum tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, CA242, and CA50 were analyzed to evaluate their diagnostic values in single and combined tests for distinguishing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Preoperative serum levels of AFP, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, CA242, and CA50 were measured in 45 ICC and 76 HCC patients. The serum levels and the positive rate of AFP, CA19-9, and CA242 were significantly different between the ICC patients and HCC patients. Although AFP (-) was the most sensitive assay for distinguishing ICC from HCC (91.1%), its specificity was significantly lower than that of CA242 (+) and CA19-9 (+). The combination of AFP (-) and CA242 (+) afforded a high specificity of 94.3 per cent and showed highest accuracy (78.5%). Evaluation of patients without liver cirrhosis also showed similar results. The diagnostic value of CA242 (+) is better than that of CA19-9 (+) and AFP (-) in distinguishing ICC from HCC. Combined detection of AFP (-) and CA242 (+) can improve the specificity and accuracy of diagnosing ICC.     

全麻患者在异丙酚不同靶控浓度下罗库溴铵对脑电双频指数的影响

目的：探讨异丙酚在不同靶控浓度下．罗库溴铵对脑电双频指数（Bispectral index．BIS）监测麻醉深度的影响。。方法：ASA I级或II级择期手术患者60例．随机分为4组（n=15）：实验组（R2和R3）和对照组（C2和C3）。设定异丙酚初始效应室浓度（effect-site concentration．Ce）为4．0Hg／mL。当患者镇静警觉评分（0AA／S评分）≤1时置入喉罩。机械通气,调节异丙酚靶控浓度．使Ce维持在2．0μg／mL或3．0μg／mL．达到靶浓度后稳定20min．实验组（R2和R3）静脉注射2倍ED95剂量的罗库溴铵0．6mg／kg,对照组[C2和C3）注射生理盐水（5ml）。记录异丙酚诱导前即刻（T1）,静脉注射罗库溴铵或生理盐水即刻（T2）、TOF消失为0对（T3）、TOF的第一个肌颤搐恢复到5％时（T4）BIS,HR．MAP值。结果：四组患者性别．年龄、体重之间差异无显著性罄异（P〉0．05）;对照组T1～T4各时点BIS值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;与b对比较．R2组T3和T4时BIS降低（P〈0.05）,但R3组、C2绍和C3组变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。实验组与相同异丙酚效应室浓度对照组比较．R2组．C2组与R3组、C3组在静脉注射罗库溴铵或生理盐水前后变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：罗库澳铵对BIS值的影响与镇静深度有关。异丙酚靶控浓度维持在2．0μg／mL较浅的镇静状态下,静脉注射2倍ED95剂量的罗库澳铵可引起BIS数值的下降。但在3．0μg／mL较深的镇静状态下．2倍ED85剂量的罗库溴铵对BIS值无影响。     

右径小切口房间隔缺损封堵术21例临床分析

目的探讨右径小切口房间隔缺损封堵术的方法与疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2004年7月至2005年5月收治的21例房间隔缺损患者,男性8例,女性13例,年龄1～70岁,中位年龄21岁。房间隔缺损直径8～40mm。全麻下右胸骨旁第4肋间行2～3cm切口,在经食管或胸壁超声引导下,经右心房通过单鞘管置入房间隔缺损封堵器。结果全组21例无手术死亡,使用的封堵器型号为14～46mm,均封堵满意,无残余分流,未影响心脏瓣膜功能。无封堵失败改行体外循环手术者。术中未输血,术后未发生封堵器移位或脱落等严重并发症,术后3～5d出院。复查无残余分流,无严重并发症,效果满意。结论右径小切口封堵房间隔缺损安全、创伤小,有一定推广价值。     

尺神经腕背支营养血管逆行皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨应用尺神经腕背支营养血管逆行皮瓣修复小指皮肤缺损的临床效果及手术操作要点。方法以尺神经腕背支营养血管远端为蒂,选择小指尺侧分支为皮瓣轴心血管,将皮瓣向小指远端转移,修复小指掌背侧皮肤缺损8例。结果8例全部成活,其中1例因创面止血不彻底,皮瓣受压导致远端部分坏死,经换药后痊愈。结论尺神经腕背支走向较恒定,本组未发现变异。沿皮神经干有纵行的皮神经旁血管网及皮神经干内血管网,此皮瓣血供可靠的,皮瓣切取容易,对供区影响小,是修复小指皮肤缺损的理想方法。     

人表皮角质细胞系培养过程中细胞生物学行为和表型的变化

目的:获得较高比例的已分化表皮细胞,为表皮细胞去分化研究奠定基础.方法:采用常规表皮细胞培养方法对人表皮角质细胞系(HEK)进行培养和传代.每一代细胞均通过免疫细胞化学染色和Western blot 方法进行表皮干细胞和表皮细胞相应标志物的检测,包括β1整合素、角蛋白19(K19)、角蛋白10(K10)等指标.结果:第1代HEK呈克隆样生长,表皮干细胞标志物β1整合素、K19均有高表达,而K10的表达为阴性.经过数次传代,细胞克隆形成数目减少,细胞逐渐呈分散分布,K10的表达逐渐增高,而β1整合素、K19的表达呈下降趋势,比例减少.细胞培养至第5～6代时,为其生长的一个转折点,即此时细胞增殖能力开始明显降低,但形态良好,K10表达阳性细胞比例明显增高,而β1整合素、K19表达阳性细胞比例迅速降低.细胞培养至10～11代时,为其生长的第二个转折点,此时细胞几乎丧失增殖能力,数量显著减少,体积变大,核浆比明显减小,完全见不到β1整合素、K19表达阳性细胞,K10染色均为阳性.结论:可以选取适当代数的HEK用于去分化研究,为增加HEK的新用途提供了实验基础.     

Oncological outcome of T1 rectal cancer undergoing standard resection and local excision

Aim We studied the outcome and prognostic factors for T1 rectal cancer patients undergoing standard resection or transanal excision. Method One hundred and twenty‐four patients with T1 rectal cancer were included in the study, of whom 66 (53.2%) underwent standard resection and 58 (46.8%) underwent transanal excision. Survival analysis was performed to compare the outcome. Results The 5‐year local recurrence rate was 11.0% in the transanal excision group versus 1.6% in the standard resection group (P = 0.031) but the 5‐year disease‐free survival and overall survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups. Multivariate analysis suggested that a high tumour grade and perineural or lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors for local recurrence and recurrence‐free survival. For high‐risk patients (with at least one of the above risk factors), the 5‐year local recurrence and 10‐year recurrence‐free survival rates were 21.2% and 74.5%, versus 1.2% and 92.0% in low‐risk patients (P = 0.00003 and P = 0.003). In patients undergoing transanal excision, none in the low‐risk group had local recurrence during follow up, while 40% (6 of 15) of patients in the high‐risk group developed local recurrence within 5 years after surgery. The 5‐year local recurrence rate was 45.0%. Conclusion Transanal excision in T1 rectal cancer may result in a high rate of local failure for patients with a high‐grade tumour, or perineural or lymphovascular invasion. Local excision should be avoided as a curative treatment in high‐risk patients.     

High Expression of Delta-Like Ligand 4 Predicts Poor Prognosis After Curative Resection for Pancreatic Cancer

Background

Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4)-Notch signaling plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis, but its prognostic value in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. Our aim was to determine whether high DLL4 expression is correlated with poor prognosis after curative resection for PDAC.

Methods

Surgical specimens obtained from 89 patients with PDAC were immunohistochemically assessed for DLL4 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) expression. Prognostic significance of DLL4 expression was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression. The correlations of DLL4 expression with VEGFR-2 expression, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis were examined by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

There were 38 (42.7%) and 51 patients who showed high and low DLL4 expression, respectively. Survival curves showed that patients with low DLL4 expression had a significantly better survival than those with high DLL4 expression (P < .001). Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that high DLL4 expression was independently associated with both reduced overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 2.24; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.14–4.38) and reduced progression-free survival (HR 2.37; 95% CI 1.22–4.60). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that high DLL4 expression was independently associated with both advanced tumor stage (odds ratio [OR] 6.84; 95% CI 2.42–9.36) and lymph node metastasis (OR 3.27; 95% CI 1.04–10.34). We also found a positive correlation between DLL4 and VEGFR-2 expression (P < .001).

Conclusions

High DLL4 expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis for surgically resected PDAC, advanced tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis. Application of adjuvant therapy targeting DLL4-Notch signaling may improve prognosis.

     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建膝前交叉韧带的临床观察

目的探讨关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建膝前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法自2006年12月-2010年1月,对215例膝关节前交叉韧带损伤患者采用关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建（包括单束和双束）。比较患者术前、术后Lysholm膝关节评分和膝关节稳定性改变。结果本组215例中210例获得随访,1例患者在术后6周出现膝关节内感染,予行关节镜下清理、抗感染等处理后治愈。术前和术后1个月、术后6个月、术后1年Lysholm膝关节评分分别比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术前215例患者物理检查均表现为膝关节不稳,术后所有患膝不稳定表现消失。结论关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建膝前交叉韧带疗效可靠,依据病人实际情况个性化合理选择单双束重建。