Scanning laser ophthalmoscope imaging of fluorescein-labelled blood cells

Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of a technique for the visualization by scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) of fluores cein-labelled autologous leukocytes and platelets in retinal vessels. Method: Individual blood samples from rats and rabbits were centrifuged to isolate platelets and leukocytes, then passively labelled with fluorescein and reinjected into the same animal. An SLO was used to visualize and record cell displacement in the retinal circulation. Labelled platelets were analysed by flow cytometry. Results: By SLO, platelets appeared as a heterogeneous particle flow, and individual leukocytes appearing as brighter spots could easily be traced. Flow cytometry showed that after labelling platelets were well individualized and their size was slightly increased. Conclusion: Circulating blood cells can be visualized in retinal vessels by a simple method consisting of passive labelling of autologous platelets and leukocytes by fluorescein. No platelet toxicity was detected. This method could be applied to the study of blood cell movement in human retinal vascular diseases.Proprietary interest category: N     

Presynaptic inhibition of synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus by activation of muscarinic receptors: involvement of presynaptic calcium influx

1. Modulation of presynaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) by muscarinic receptors at the CA3–CA1 synapse of rat hippocampal slices was investigated by using the calcium indicator fura-2. Stimulation-evoked presynaptic calcium transients ([Ca_pre]_t) and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fe.p.s.ps) were simultaneously recorded. The relationship between presynaptic calcium influx and synaptic transmission was studied.
2. Activation of muscarinic receptors inhibited [Ca_pre]_t, thereby reducing synaptic transmission. Carbachol (CCh, 10 μM) inhibited [Ca_pre]_t by 35% and reduced fe.p.s.p. by 85%. The inhibition was completely antagonized by 1 μM atropine. An approximate 4^th power relationship was found between presynaptic calcium influx and postsynaptic responses.
3. Application of the N-type VDCC-blocking peptide toxin ω-conotoxin GVIA (ω-CTx GVIA, 1 μM) inhibited [Ca_pre]_t and fe.p.s.ps by 21% and 49%, respectively, while the P/Q-type VDCC blocker ω-agatoxin IVA (ω-Aga IVA, 1 μM) reduced [Ca_pre]_t and fe.p.s.ps by 35% and 85%, respectively.
4. Muscarinic receptor activation differentially inhibited distinct presynaptic VDCCs. ω-CTx GVIA-sensitive calcium channels were inhibited by muscarinic receptors, while ω-Aga IVA-sensitive channels were not. The percentage inhibition of ω-CTx GVIA-sensitive [Ca_pre]_t was about 63%.
5. Muscarinic receptors inhibited presynaptic VDCCs in a way similar to adenosine (Ad) receptors. The percentage inhibition of ω-CTx GVIA-sensitive [Ca_pre]_t by Ad (100 μM) was about 59%. There was no significant inhibition of ω-Aga IVA-sensitive channels by Ad. The inhibitions of [Ca_pre]_t by CCh and Ad were mutually occlusive.
6. These results indicate that inhibition of synaptic transmission by muscarinic receptors is mainly the consequence of a reduction of the [Ca_pre]_t due to inhibition of presynaptic VDCCs.

     

颈椎不同位置时椎管矢状径及截面积的解剖研究

为观察坐位颈椎不同位置时椎管内结构的变化,解剖颈椎标本８具。用灌石蜡的方法测量颈椎矢状径及截面积的变化。结果：颈椎轻度屈曲时,椎间盘、黄韧带、椎板、硬膜、脊髓的形态与位置发生变化,但对椎管容积影响不大,中立位和自然屈颈位时椎管矢状径和椎管截面积两者均无明显差异（ｐ＞０．０５）。提示：颈椎后路椎板成形椎管扩大手术时,坐位是值得推荐的一种体位。     

小鼠颗粒子宫腺细胞的组织学与超微结构的研究

对昆明种小鼠颗粒子宫腺细胞（ＧＭＧ细胞）进行光镜及电镜观察,结果显示：ＧＭＧ细胞以其胞浆中含耐淀粉酶消化的ＰＡＳ阳性颗粒为特点,而该种颗粒在电镜下为带有帽状结构的膜包颗粒。ＧＭＧ细胞有特殊的形态,其出现和消失与妊娠过程同步。     

5E教学模式联合翻转课堂教学在急诊护士规培教学中的应用研究

目的 探究5E教学模式联合翻转课堂教学在急诊护士规培教学中的应用效果。方法 选取2022年3月至8月在空军军医大学第一附属医院急诊科接受培训的97名护士为研究对象,将2022年3月至5月培训的47名护士设为对照组,2022年6月至8月培训的50名护士设为观察组。对照组采用传统教学,观察组采用5E教学模式联合翻转课堂教学进行培训,比较两组护士理论及操作考试成绩、临床护理能力、自我导向学习能力及对教学模式的满意度。采用SPSS 24.0进行独立样本t检验和卡方检验。结果 规范化培训结束后,观察组护士理论考试成绩、操作考试成绩均高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组护士护理行为六维度量表的各维度评分及总分均高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组护士自我导向学习能力评定量表（self-rating scale of self-directed learning,SRSSDL）中学习意识、学习行为、学习策略、学习评价等维度的评分及量表总分高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组护士教学满意度各维度评分及总分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 5E教学模式联合翻转课堂教学适合急诊护士规范化培训,有助于提高急诊护士的临床护理能力和自我导向学习能力,教学满意度较高。     

Richmond-Kotelchuck健康政策模式图的启示──我国预防医学模式转变中的三个关键问题

Richmond－Kotelchuck的健康政策模式图由科学知识基础、政治意愿和社会行为措施三部分组成。该模式图充分体现了三者对整个健康政策模式图的作用及其相互联系。随着社会的发展,我国当前正面临着转变预防医学模式的任务,借助于该模式图,本文论述了我国预防医学模式转变中值得注意的三个关键问题：科学研究、健康教育和举措设计。     

饮水型氟病区人体总摄氟量与发病关系的研究

通过对丹江口市饮水型型地氟病区两个村改水前后环境氟含量,人体总摄氟量及８－１２岁儿童氟玉牙发病率的调查与相关分析,发现改水后人群总摄氟量中食中氟所占比例约为４０％－５０％,总摄氟量与８－１２岁儿童氟斑牙率,氟斑牙指数,尿氟均呈正相关,总一比单纯水氟或粮食氟更能反映出人群总体氟水平。     

长效避孕栓剂对家兔的抗生育作用

目的和方法:是观察NP-9长效避孕栓(100mg/栓)于家兔阴道给药后15分钟和3.5小时的抗生育作用和连续7天给药的阴道刺激试验。结果:长效避孕栓无论在给药15分钟还是3.5小时交配避孕率均为100％。而生理盐水和赋型剂对照组避孕率分别为0％和40％。家兔阴道刺激试验结果表明:该栓剂阴道刺激炎症总分值为6.9,在可接受范围内。     

幽门螺杆菌空泡毒作用-一种新发现的致病因素

目的用细胞毒实验对幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒｐｙｌｏｒｉ,ＨＰ）致病机制作进一步研究。方法６２株临床分离的幽门螺杆菌,４３株的肉汤培养滤液（０．２２ｕｍ微孔滤膜）作用于体外培养的Ｖｅｒｏ细胞,能使其产生胞浆空泡样变。随着作用时间延长,空泡数目逐渐增多,体积逐渐增大,４天后细胞逐渐死亡。据此将ＨＰ分为有空泡毒作用的ＨＰ（Ｔｏｘｉｎ＋）及没有空泡毒作用的ＨＰ（Ｔｏｘｉｎ－）。二类ＨＰ肉汤培养滤液的尿素酶活性无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果ＨＰ的这种空泡毒作用不同于已知的ＨＰ的致病因素,而是一种新近发现的致病因素。ＨＰ相关消化性溃疡、十二指肠球部溃疡、胃炎患者,ＨＰ（Ｔｏｘｉｎ＋）分别占其ＨＰ感染总数７８．２６％、８４．３８％、４２．８６％。结论ＨＰ相关消化性溃疡与ＨＰ（Ｔｏｘｉｎ＋）感染密切相关