剖宫产术后子宫切口愈合情况的彩超监测

子宫切口感染及产后出血是剖宫产术后的主要并发症。我们对我院60例剖宫产术后的子宫切口愈合情况用彩超监测,现报告如下。     

Motor unit recruitment in human genioglossus muscle in response to hypercapnia

Study Objectives:

Single motor unit recordings of the genioglossus (GG) muscle indicate that GG motor units have a variety of discharge patterns, including units that have higher discharge rates during inspiration (inspiratory phasic and inspiratory tonic), or expiration (expiratory phasic and expiratory tonic), or do not modify their rate with respiration (tonic). Previous studies have shown that an increase in GG muscle activity is a consequence of increased activity in inspiratory units. However, there are differences between studies as to whether this increase is primarily due to recruitment of new motor units (motor unit recruitment) or to increased discharge rate of already active units (rate coding). Sleep-wake state studies in humans have suggested the former, while hypercapnia experiments in rats have suggested the latter. In this study, we investigated the effect of hypercapnia on GG motor unit activity in humans during wakefulness.

Setting:

Sleep research laboratory.

Participants:

Sixteen healthy men.

Measurements and Results:

Each participant was administered at least 6 trials with P_etCO₂ being elevated 8.4 (SD = 1.96) mm Hg over 2 min following a 30-s baseline. Subjects were instrumented for GG EMG and respiratory measurements with 4 fine wire electrodes inserted subcutaneously into the muscle. One hundred forty-one motor units were identified during the baseline: 47% were inspiratory modulated, 29% expiratory modulated, and 24% showed no respiratory related modulation. Sixty-two new units were recruited during hypercapnia. The distribution of recruited units was significantly different from the baseline distribution, with 84% being inspiratory modulated (P < 0.001). Neither units active during baseline, nor new units recruited during hypercapnia, increased their discharge rate as P_etCO₂ increased (P > 0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusions:

Increased GG muscle activity in humans occurs because of recruitment of previously inactive inspiratory modulated units.

Citation:

Nicholas CL; Bei B; Worsnop C; Malhotra A; Jordan AS; Saboisky JP; Chan JKM; Duckworth E; White DP; Trinder J. Motor unit recruitment in human genioglossus muscle in response to hypercapnia. SLEEP 2010;33(11):1529-1538.     

Generation of monoclonal antibodies and epitope mapping of ApxIVA of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

To study functions of ApxIV, a species-specific and in vivo inducible RTX toxin identified in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae recently, and to develop a diagnostic trial distinguishing the pigs infected naturally and vaccinated with inactivated and/or subunit vaccines, we attempted to prepare monoclonal antibodies against ApxIV. BALB/c mice were immunized with ApxIVAN and ApxIVAC which are N- and C-terminal halvies (814 and 997 amino acids, respectively) of ApxIVA produced in E. coli BL21 (DE3), respectively. Eight monoclonal antibodies were selected, four (designated as 1A8, 1G5, 3E7 and 4H9) against ApxIVAN and another four (named as 1B12, 2E5, 4D8 and 4G2) against ApxIVAC. Western blot and ELISA additivity assays suggested that all monoclonal antibodies except 1A8 are specific to the corresponding immunogen, 1A8 reacts with both immunogens which have a overlapping region of 156 residues. ELISA additivity tests revealed that at least five epitopes in ApxIV are defined by eight monoclonal antibodies, two between 1 and 866 amino acids, one between 867 and 1022 amino acids and two between 1023 and 1863 amino acids. In conclusion, we have succeeded in producing eight monoclonal antibodies, which react with five different epitopes of ApxIV.     

Design, synthesis and in vitro activity of glycinamide-bearing compounds as DPP-IV inhibitors

To research the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of glycinamide-bearing compounds that used as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), P32/98 and compound A were chosen as the leading compounds, heterocycles containing nitrogen atom were introduced to form amide, and different residues on a-position of carbonyl were designed. The nineteen designed compounds were synthesized by a simple route and were evaluated as inhibitors of DPP-IV. All of the structures were characterized by 1H NMR and HRMS. The preliminary SAR result was obtained.     

Exposure to magnetic fields and the risk of poor sperm quality

We conducted a population-based case–control study among healthy sperm donors to study exposure to magnetic fields (MFs) and poor sperm quality. All participants wore a meter to capture daily MF exposure. After controlling for confounders, compared to those with lower MF exposure, those whose 90th percentile MF level ≥1.6 mG had a two-fold increased risk of abnormal sperm motility and morphology (odds ratio (OR): 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–3.9). Increasing duration of MF exposure above 1.6 mG further increased the risk (p = 0.03 for trend test). Importantly, the association and dose–response relationship were strengthened when restricted to those whose measurement day reflected their typical day of the previous 3 months (a likely period of spermatogenesis). Age-adjusted Spearman Rank Order Correlations showed an inverse correlation between MF exposure and all semen parameters. Our study provides some evidence for the first time that MF exposure may have an adverse effect on sperm quality.     

2008年重庆医科大学附属第一医院细菌耐药性监测

目的 了解我院2008年临床常见分离病原菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药情况.方法 药敏实验使用纸片扩散法,数据分析采用WHONET5.4软件.结果 在临床分离的1315株细菌中,革兰阳性菌占22.2%,革兰阴性菌占77.8%.金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林株分别占56.8%和81.3%.葡萄球菌或肠球菌均未发现万古霉素或替考拉宁中介株或耐药株.大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌产ESBLs株检出率分别为51.1%和27.8%.铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率为44.8%和32.6%,不动杆菌属对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率为36.5%和35.6%.结论 ICU比非ICU耐药性严重,不动杆菌属对碳青霉烯类耐药率明显上升,监测到泛耐药的铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌,加强细菌耐药监测对抗菌药物的临床应用和控制细菌耐药性传播具有重要意义.     

2006-2008年我院金黄色葡萄球菌耐药监测

目的 了解我院2006年1月至2008年12月分离的金黄色葡萄球菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性.方法 采用K-B法进行药敏试验,以CLSI2008年判断标准分析临床分离株,分析采用WHONET5.4及SPSS13.0统计软件.结果 分别从ICU和非ICU分离出金黄色葡萄球菌54株和145株.ICU内标本主要来自于痰液(85.2%),非ICU标本来主要自于痰液(38.6%)、分泌物(29.0%)及脓液标本(17.9%).ICU内金黄色葡萄球菌对β内酰胺类、大环内酯类、克林霉素类、氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类耐药率均高于非ICU.ICU内金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢菌素类耐药率高(＞73.1%).ICU和非ICU金黄色葡萄球菌对利福平均较为敏感(敏感率＞50%).近3年来,ICU内金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药率无显著变化(P＞0.05).ICU内耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌及甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌耐药率均高于非ICU,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).未发现对万古霉素、替考拉宁和利奈唑胺耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌株.结论 通过分析金黄色葡萄球菌耐药率的变迁,有利于采取措施控制ICU内耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的流行和指导临床用药.     

Overexpression of ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors in Schwann cells of patients with Charcot-Marie-tooth disease type 1A

Axon-derived neuregulins (NRGs) are a family of growth factors whose binding to ErbB tyrosine kinase receptors promotes the maturation, proliferation and survival of Schwann cells (SCs). Correct NRG/ErbB signaling is essential for the homeostasis of axonal-glial complexes and seems to play a role in peripheral nerve repair. The potential involvement of ErbB receptors in human peripheral neuropathies has not been clarified. Therefore, we assessed the immunoreactivity for EGFR (ErbB1), ErbB2, and ErbB3 in nerve biopsies from patients with different forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 1, (CMT1), as compared to others with inflammatory neuropathies and controls. The most notable changes consisted in the overexpression of ErbB2 and ErbB3 by SCs of nerves from CMT1A patients. These findings are consistent with an impairment of SC differentiation and expand the molecular phenotype of CMT1A. The upregulation of these receptors may play a role in the inhibition of myelination or in the promotion of recurrent demyelination and axonal damage.