基于国家药品抽检的全国益心酮片质量情况分析与研究

目的:通过国家药品抽检工作,了解益心酮片市场整体质量现状及存在的问题,为监督管理部门提供技术支撑,以保障公众用药安全有效.方法:从全国24个省级行政区抽取益心酮片样品,按照《中华人民共和国药典》2015年版一部益心酮片薄层鉴别项与含量测定项方法开展检验工作,并进行指纹图谱、农药残留、显微鉴别、非法添加化学药品四项探索性...     

Effects of Internet-Based Nutrition and Exercise Interventions on the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia in the Elderly

Effective nutrition and exercise interventions may improve sarcopenia in the elderly. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of Internet-based nutrition and exercise interventions in the elderly with sarcopenia. Participants were divided into 4 groups: control, nutrition, exercise, and comprehensive (nutrition plus exercise) groups; there was at least 50 participants in each group. Our trial lasted 12 weeks. We conducted dietary and exercise interventions through an app and collected feedback from the participants every three weeks. Information on the diet, skeletal muscle mass, and muscle function was collected before and after the interventions. The comprehensive group had higher high-quality protein intake than the control (p = 0.017) and exercise (p = 0.012) groups. After the interventions, we obtained differences in skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass/height², skeletal muscle mass/weight, muscle mass/BMI, and skeletal muscle mass/body fat percentage (p < 0.05). Changes in average daily energy and total daily protein intakes were not significantly different; however, there was an overall improvement in the intervention groups relative to baseline data. There were no changes in the average daily time of moderate physical activity. The Internet was an effective tool of nutrition intervention in the elderly with sarcopenia. The Internet-based nutrition intervention improved high-quality protein intake and skeletal muscle mass in the elderly with sarcopenia.     

半椎板切开治疗椎管内肿瘤

目的探讨半椎板切开入路切除椎管内肿瘤的优缺点,方法回顾性分析2004~2006年经手术切除病理证实的椎管内肿瘤196例的临床资料。其中80例行了半推板入路肿瘤切除,与同期的116例全椎板切除患者进行比较。结果半椎板切除患者手术住院时间明显缩短,术后起床反应轻微,远期效果较全椎板好,对脊柱的稳定性影响小。结论单侧半椎板入路切除椎管内肿瘤损伤小,最有利于脊柱稳定性的维持。患者手术后住院时间短,反应轻微,远期疗效好。但也有暴露局限的缺点。     

乳杆菌与龋病关系的研究进展

乳杆菌是最早发现的龋病相关微生物,具有产酸性、耐酸性及结合胶原蛋白和合成细胞外多糖促进细菌黏附的能力。部分乳杆菌可产生抗菌物质或代谢物、与致龋菌竞争黏附位点或共聚、调节致龋毒力相关基因表达,从而抑制致龋菌生长,因此近年来有研究将乳杆菌作为益生菌应用于龋病防控。但乳杆菌致龋机制尚不明确,特定“益生”乳杆菌对口腔和肠道微生态的潜在影响未知,尚需更多的研究结合乳杆菌的致龋性和益生性,综合评价其对口腔和全身健康和疾病的作用。本文旨在对近年来乳杆菌致龋性和防龋作用的相关研究进行综述,重点讨论乳杆菌在龋病发生发展与临床防控中的作用,为龋病的防控提供新的思路和参考。     

Facet Joint Versus Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections in Patients With Cervical Radicular Pain due to Foraminal Stenosis: A Retrospective Comparative Study

BackgroundA cervical transforaminal epidural (TFE) steroid injection is a useful treatment option for cervical radicular pain, but it carries a small risk of catastrophic complications. Several studies have reported that cervical facet joint (FJ) steroid injection can reduce cervical radicular pain through an indirect epidural spread. The aim of this retrospective comparative study was to evaluate the pain scores and functional disability in subjects receiving cervical FJ or TFE steroid injection for the treatment of cervical radicular pain due to foraminal stenosis (FS).MethodsWe selected 278 patients 18 years of age and older who underwent cervical FJ (n = 130) or TFE (n= 148) steroid injection for cervical radicular pain. The primary outcomes included pain scores and functional disability during hospital visits one, three, and six months after the initial injection. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of responders and Medication Quantification Scale (MQS) scores. Adverse events and variables correlating with effectiveness one month after the initial injection were also evaluated.ResultsThe Numeric Rating Scale and Neck Disability Index scores showed a significant improvement one, three, and six months after the initial injection in both groups, with no significant differences between the groups. No significant differences were observed in the success rates of the procedure one, three, and six months after the initial injection for either group. There were no significant differences in MQS between the groups during the follow-up period. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the injection method, age, sex, number of injections, FS severity, MQS, pain duration, and the presence of cervical disc herniation were not independent predictors of treatment success.ConclusionThe efficacy of FJ steroid injection may not be inferior to that of TFE steroid injection in patients with cervical radicular pain due to FS.     

Preparation of environment-friendly solid epoxy resin with high-toughness via one-step banburying

Solid epoxy resin is highly desired in adhesives, electronic materials and coatings due to the attractive characteristics of solvent-free, highly efficient utilization and convenient storage and transportation. However, the challenges remain in fabricating high-toughness solid epoxy resin through a facile and efficient way. Here, a high-performance environment-friendly solid epoxy resin was fabricated by employing maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA-g-MAH) as the flexibilizer via one-step banburying method. The results showed that the modified epoxy resin maintained a high glass transition temperature (T_g) and thermal stability, while its impact strength, tensile toughness and flexural toughness were significantly increased compared with the neat epoxy resin. The impact strength, tensile toughness and flexural toughness of R-EM10 are improved 138%, 195% and 149%, respectively. The EVA-g-MAH was introduced in the epoxy matrix as a separate phase to increase toughness via transfer stress and dissipated energy. The attractive properties of this facile fabrication process and the high-toughness, as well as the environment-friendly performance make this solid epoxy highly promising for large-scale industrial application.

High-toughness and environment-friendly solvent free solid epoxy resin through a low-cost, facile and large-scale fabrication process.     

Target identification and occupancy measurement of necrosis avid agent rhein using bioorthogonal chemistry-enabling probes

Necrosis is an important biomarker, which only occurs in pathological situations. Tracking of necrosis avid agents is of crucial importance toward understanding their mechanisms. Herein, we developed a modular probe strategy based on bioorthogonal copper-free click chemistry. Structural modification of rhein with transcyclooctene (TCO) led to the identification of rhein-TCO2 as the most active probe with specific necrosis affinity. In a systematic evaluation, the colocalization of rhein-TCO2 in the nucleus (exposed DNA and rRNA) of necrotic cells was observed. This work provides a foundation for the development of target-identified of rhein compounds, and binding to exposed DNA and rRNA may be an important target of rhein compounds in necrotic cells.

Structural modification of rhein with transcyclooctene (TCO) led to the identification of rhein-TCO2 as the most active probe with specific necrosis affinity.     

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality in Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients 50 Years of Age or Younger During the Delta Wave: Comparison With Patients > 50 Years in Korea

BackgroundNumerous patients around the globe are dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While age is a known risk factor, risk analysis in the young generation is lacking. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and mortality risk factors in younger patients (≤ 50 years) with a critical case of COVID-19 in comparison with those among older patients (> 50 years) in Korea.MethodsWe analyzed the data of adult patients only in critical condition (requiring high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy or higher respiratory support) hospitalized with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 at 11 hospitals in Korea from July 1, 2021 to November 30, 2021 when the delta variant was a dominant strain. Patients’ electronic medical records were reviewed to identify clinical characteristics.ResultsDuring the study period, 448 patients were enrolled. One hundred and forty-two were aged 50 years or younger (the younger group), while 306 were above 50 years of age (the older group). The most common pre-existing conditions in the younger group were diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and 69.7% of the patients had a body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m². Of 142 younger patients, 31 of 142 patients (21.8%, 19 women) did not have these pre-existing conditions. The overall case fatality rate among severity cases was 21.0%, and it differed according to age: 5.6% (n = 8/142) in the younger group, 28.1% in the older group, and 38% in the ≥ 65 years group. Age (odds ratio [OR], 7.902; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.754–18.181), mechanical ventilation therapy (OR, 17.233; 95% CI, 8.439–35.192), highest creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL (OR, 17.631; 95% CI, 8.321–37.357), and combined blood stream infection (OR, 7.092; 95% CI, 1.061–18.181) were identified as independent predictors of mortality in total patients. Similar patterns were observed in age-specific analyses, but most results were statistically insignificant in multivariate analysis due to the low number of deaths in the younger group. The full vaccination rate was very low among study population (13.6%), and only three patients were fully vaccinated, with none of the patients who died having been fully vaccinated in the younger group. Seven of eight patients who died had a pre-existing condition or were obese (BMI > 25 kg/m²), and the one remaining patient died from a secondary infection.ConclusionAbout 22% of the patients in the young critical group did not have an underlying disease or obesity, but the rate of obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m²) was high, with a fatality rate of 5.6%. The full vaccination rate was extremely low compared to the general population of the same age group, showing that non-vaccination has a grave impact on the progression of COVID-19 to a critical condition. The findings of this study highlight the need for measures to prevent critical progression of COVID-19, such as vaccinations and targeting young adults especially having risk factors.     

儿童弱视原因及分娩方式对弱视形成的影响

目的:研究分析儿童弱视原因及新生儿出生时的分娩方式对弱视形成的影响.方法:对536例2～14岁弱视儿的原因研究分析并对其出生时分娩方式进行回顾性调查.结果:536例弱视儿中出生时剖腹产92例占17.2%、自然分娩难产(包括胎吸和产钳)49例占9.1%、自然分娩顺产395例占73.7%,其中早产儿53例占9.9%;弱视儿中屈光不正性弱视284例占53.0%、斜视性弱视138例占25.7%、屈光参差性弱视91例占17.0%、形觉剥夺性弱视17例占3.2%、其它6例占1.1%.结论:儿童弱视形成的主要原因是屈光不正;出生时分娩方式与弱视的发生无关,早产儿所占弱视比例较高应予以关注.     

Mzb1 protects against myocardial infarction injury in mice via modulating mitochondrial function and alleviating inflammation

Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to the loss of cardiomyocytes, left ventricle dilation and cardiac dysfunction, eventually developing into heart failure. Mzb1 (Marginal zone B and B1 cell specific protein 1) is a B-cell-specific and endoplasmic reticulum-localized protein. Mzb1 is an inflammation-associated factor that participates a series of inflammatory processes, including chronic periodontitis and several cancers. In this study we investigated the role of Mzb1 in experimental models of MI. MI was induced in mice by ligation of the left descending anterior coronary artery, and in neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVCs) by H₂O₂ treatment in vitro. We showed that Mzb1 expression was markedly reduced in the border zone of the infarct myocardium of MI mice and in H₂O₂-treated NMVCs. In H₂O₂-treated cardiomyocytes, knockdown of Mzb1 decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, impaired mitochondrial function and promoted apoptosis. On contrary, overexpression of Mzb1 improved mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and inhibited apoptosis. Direct injection of lentiviral vector carrying Len-Mzb1 into the myocardial tissue significantly improved cardiac function and alleviated apoptosis in MI mice. We showed that Mzb1 overexpression significantly decreased the levels of Bax/Bcl-2 and cytochrome c and improved mitochondrial function in MI mice via activating the AMPK-PGC1α pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that Mzb1 recruited the macrophages and alleviated inflammation in MI mice. We conclude that Mzb1 is a crucial regulator of cardiomyocytes after MI by improving mitochondrial function and reducing inflammatory signaling pathways, implying a promising therapeutic target in ischemic cardiomyopathy.