Optimizing Parametric Factors in CIELAB and CIEDE2000 Color-Difference Formulas for 3D-Printed Spherical Objects

The current color-difference formulas were developed based on 2D samples and there is no standard guidance for the color-difference evaluation of 3D objects. The aim of this study was to test and optimize the CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color-difference formulas by using 42 pairs of 3D-printed spherical samples in Experiment I and 40 sample pairs in Experiment II. Fifteen human observers with normal color vision were invited to attend the visual experiments under simulated D65 illumination and assess the color differences of the 82 pairs of 3D spherical samples using the gray-scale method. The performances of the CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas were quantified by the STRESS index and F-test with respect to the collected visual results and three different optimization methods were performed on the original color-difference formulas by using the data from the 42 sample pairs in Experiment I. It was found that the optimum parametric factors for CIELAB were kL = 1.4 and kC = 1.9, whereas for CIEDE2000, kL = 1.5. The visual data of the 40 sample pairs in Experiment II were used to test the performance of the optimized formulas and the STRESS values obtained for CIELAB/CIEDE2000 were 32.8/32.9 for the original formulas and 25.3/25.4 for the optimized formulas. The F-test results indicated that a significant improvement was achieved using the proposed optimization of the parametric factors applied to both color-difference formulas for 3D-printed spherical samples.     

SARS CoV-2 (Delta Variant) Infection Kinetics and Immunopathogenesis in Domestic Cats

Continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights the critical need for adaptable and translational animal models for acute COVID-19. Limitations to current animal models for SARS CoV-2 (e.g., transgenic mice, non-human primates, ferrets) include subclinical to mild lower respiratory disease, divergence from clinical COVID-19 disease course, and/or the need for host genetic modifications to permit infection. We therefore established a feline model to study COVID-19 disease progression and utilized this model to evaluate infection kinetics and immunopathology of the rapidly circulating Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, specific-pathogen-free domestic cats (n = 24) were inoculated intranasally and/or intratracheally with SARS CoV-2 (B.1.617.2). Infected cats developed severe clinical respiratory disease and pulmonary lesions at 4- and 12-days post-infection (dpi), even at 1/10 the dose of previously studied wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Infectious virus was isolated from nasal secretions of delta-variant infected cats in high amounts at multiple timepoints, and viral antigen was co-localized in ACE2-expressing cells of the lungs (pneumocytes, vascular endothelium, peribronchial glandular epithelium) and strongly associated with severe pulmonary inflammation and vasculitis that were more pronounced than in wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection. RNA sequencing of infected feline lung tissues identified upregulation of multiple gene pathways associated with cytokine receptor interactions, chemokine signaling, and viral protein–cytokine interactions during acute infection with SARS-CoV-2. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) of differentially expressed genes identified several distinct clusters of dysregulated hub genes that are significantly correlated with both clinical signs and lesions during acute infection. Collectively, the results of these studies help to delineate the role of domestic cats in disease transmission and response to variant emergence, establish a flexible translational model to develop strategies to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and identify potential targets for downstream therapeutic development.     

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Substance P Mediate Emetic Response Induction by Masked Trichothecene Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside through Ca2+ Signaling

Deoxynivalenol (DON), the most naturally-occurring trichothecenes, may affect animal and human health by causing vomiting as a hallmark of food poisoning. Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) usually co-occurs with DON as its glucosylated form and is another emerging food safety issue in recent years. However, the toxicity of D3G is not fully understood compared to DON, especially in emetic potency. The goals of this research were to (1) compare emetic effects to D3G by oral and intraperitoneal (IP) routes and relate emetic effects to brain-gut peptides glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and substance P (SP) in mink; (2) determine the roles of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in D3G’s emetic effect. Both oral and IP exposure to D3G elicited marked emetic events. This emetic response corresponded to an elevation of GIP and SP. Blocking the GIP receptor (GIPR) diminished emetic response induction by GIP and D3G. The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) inhibitor Emend^® restrained the induction of emesis by SP and D3G. Importantly, CaSR antagonist NPS-2143 or TRP channel antagonist ruthenium red dose-dependently inhibited both D3G-induced emesis and brain-gut peptides GIP and SP release; cotreatment with both antagonists additively suppressed both emetic and brain-gut peptide responses to D3G. To summarize, our findings demonstrate that activation of CaSR and TRP channels contributes to D3G-induced emesis by mediating brain-gut peptide exocytosis in mink.     

长三角地区经济增长、产业同构与区域经济一体化

长江三角洲地区作为中国经济增长新阶段的引擎,其产业结构的趋同趋势受到了理论界和政府的共同关注,产业同构到底对一个地区的经济发展有何影响,各有说法。总体看来,产业同构对长三角地区的区域经济一体化有积极意义。长三角地区的产业同构和重复建设客观上形成了广域的产业集聚和规模经济,并未对长三角经济造成明显的不利,正是这种逐渐趋同的产业结构进一步促进了地区经济的发展。     

维胃方对实验性大鼠胃溃疡血清NO和NOS的影响

目的:观察维胃方对实验性大鼠胃溃疡血清一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的影响,探讨维胃方修复胃黏膜损伤的可能机制。方法:采用冰醋酸烧灼法,建立胃溃疡模型。以PH试纸检测胃酸变化,用公式S=π.d1/2.d2/2计算溃疡面积,比色法测定血清NO和NOS含量,并观察胃黏膜组织病理学变化。结果:与模型组比较,维胃方能明显修复腺泡,促进胃酸分泌,恢复胃液PH值(P<0.01),其中高、中剂量组接近正常组水平;维胃方高、中剂量组与模型组比较可显著降低大鼠血清中NO含量(P<0.01),抑制iNOS活性(P<0.01),增强cNOS活力(P<0.05);维胃方能不同程度减小胃黏膜损伤(P<0.01),其中以维胃方中剂量效果最优,与雷尼替丁组存在着显著性差异(P<0.05),高、低剂量组与雷尼替丁组无差异性(P>0.05);自愈组溃疡面积与模型组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:维胃方对实验性胃溃疡具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能是通过降低大鼠血清中异常升高的NO水平和iNOS活性,进而减轻炎症介质对胃黏膜的损伤。     

Optimizing the Thermomechanical Process of Nickel-Based ODS Superalloys by an Efficient Method

Thermo-mechanical process of nickel-based oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) superalloys is critical to produce desired components. In this study, an efficient method of consolidating powder is introduced to optimize the preparation process, microstructure and properties of nickel-based ODS superalloys. The influences of consolidation temperature, strain rate and ball milling time on the hardness of nickel-based superalloys were studied. The relationship among process, microstructure and hardness was established, the nanoparticles strengthening and grain boundary strengthening in nickel-based ODS superalloys were discussed. The results indicate that long ball milling time, moderately low consolidation temperature and high strain rates are beneficial to improving properties of nickel-based superalloys. Moreover, dispersion strengthening of nanoparticles and grain boundary strengthening play important roles in enhancing nickel-based ODS superalloys.     

Association of Dietary Inflammatory Potential with Blood Inflammation: The Prospective Markers on Mild Cognitive Impairment

Inflammation is known as an important mechanism of cognitive dysfunction. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and system inflammation response index (SIRI) are two blood inflammatory markers, which are related to many chronic diseases including cognitive impairment. It is recognized that dietary inflammatory index (DII), which is used to estimate the overall inflammatory potential of diet, may be related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well. This study aimed to explore the relationship between SII, SIRI and DII, as well as the role of these inflammatory indexes on MCI in elderly people. A total of 1050 participants from Beijing were included. Neuropsychological tests were used for cognitive evaluation. Energy-adjusted DII scores were calculated based on semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were tested for calculating SII and SIRI. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate the correlation of indexes. After adjusting demographic characteristics, SII and SIRI in MCI individuals were higher than controls (p ≤ 0.001). DII, SII and SIRI had positive relationship with MoCA scores (p < 0.005). DII also correlated with SIRI in MCI (β = 0.11, p = 0.031). Higher DII and SIRI could definitely increase the risk of MCI, as well as DII and SII (p < 0.005). In conclusion, DII was positively correlated with blood inflammation. The elderly with higher level of DII and SIRI, or DII and SII could be considered as people with higher risk of developing MCI.     

CT联合血清肿瘤标志物对早期肺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨CT联合血清肿瘤标志物对早期肺癌的诊断价值。方法 选取102例早期肺癌患者和102例肺部良性疾病患者,分别作为恶性组和良性组,比较两组患者的血清肿瘤标志物[胃泌素释放肽前体（ProGRP）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原211(CA211)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）]水平。以手术病理或纤维支气管镜活检为金标准,分析CT和血清肿瘤标志物单独及联合应用对早期肺癌的诊断效能及其与金标准的一致性,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析CT和血清肿瘤标志物单独及联合应用对早期肺癌的诊断价值。结果恶性组患者的血清ProGRP、CEA、CA211、NSE水平均明显高于良性组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。CT和血清肿瘤标志物联合应用对早期肺癌的诊断结果与金标准具有高度一致性（P﹤0.05）,灵敏度、特异度和准确度均高于二者单独应用的诊断结果。CT和血清肿瘤标志物联合应用对早期肺癌具有较高诊断价值（AUC=0.980）,单纯CT对早期肺癌具有中等诊断价值（AUC=0.863）,单纯血清肿瘤标志物对早期肺癌具有较高诊断价值（AUC=0.907）,CT和血清肿瘤标志物联合应用的诊断价值最...     

回馈健康教育模式在肝癌介入治疗患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨回馈健康教育模式在肝癌介入治疗患者中的应用。方法 采用随机数字表法将210例肝癌介入治疗患者分为观察组和对照组,每组105例,对照组患者给予常规健康教育与护理指导,观察组患者在对照组基础上予以回馈健康教育模式干预。比较两组患者的知行信情况、心理状态[焦虑自评量表（SAS）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）]、生活质量[简明健康状况调查问卷（SF-36）]。结果 教育后,两组患者知识、行为、信念评分均高于本组教育前（P﹤0.05）,且观察组患者知识、行为、信念评分均高于对照组（P﹤0.05）。教育后,两组患者SAS、HAMA评分均低于本组教育前（P﹤0.05）,且观察组患者SAS、HAMA评分均低于对照组（P﹤0.05）。教育后,两组患者SF-36量表各维度评分均高于本组教育前（P﹤0.05）,且观察组SF-36量表各维度评分均高于对照组（P﹤0.05）。结论 回馈健康教育模式能有效提高肝癌介入治疗患者的知识、行为、信念水平,缓解负性情绪,促进疾病恢复。