医学生抑郁情绪与家庭及生活事件的相关性研究

目的 探讨医学专业大学生抑郁情绪与家庭及生活事件的相关性，为早期干预提供科学理论依据。方法 采用自拟量表对482名医学专业在校大学生调查，并做影响因素分析。结果 大学生无抑郁或极轻微192人占39．8％；轻度209人占43．4％；中度58人占12％；重度23人占4．8％。生源地、父亲文化程度、专业满意度、人际关系的敏感、学习压力的大小、丧失因子、受惩罚因子和健康适应因子对大学生抑郁情绪的产生有显著影响，而性别、家庭类型和经济情况对医学专业大学生抑郁情绪产生关系不大（P〉0．05）。结论 要重视学生中存在的抑郁情绪问题，采取积极有效措施帮助学生消除抑郁情绪。     

Academic Degrees and Clinical Practice Characteristics: The University of Washington Physician Assistant Program: 1969-2000

CONTEXT: The physician assistant profession has been moving toward requiring master's degrees for new practitioners, but some argue this could change the face of the discipline. PURPOSE: To see if there is an association between physician assistants' academic degrees and practice in primary care, in rural areas, and with the medically underserved. METHODS: Surveys were sent to 880 graduates of the first 32 University of Washington physician assistant classes through 2000. Respondents noted their academic degree at program entry and the highest degree attained at any time up to the time of survey. Relationships between practice characteristics and academic degree levels were tested by unadjusted odds ratios and logistic regression after controlling for year of graduation and sex. RESULTS: Of the 478 respondents, 54% worked in primary care, about 30% practiced in nonmetropolitan communities, and 42% reported providing care for the medically underserved. Respondents with no degree (33% of total at entry, 24% at survey) were significantly more likely than degree holders to work in primary care and nonmetropolitan areas. Respondents with no degree at program entry were significantly more likely, and those with no degree at the time of the survey were marginally more likely, to self-report work with the medically underserved. CONCLUSION: Respondents with no academic degree are significantly more likely to demonstrate a commitment to primary, rural, and underserved health care. These findings may inform the national debate about the impact of required advanced degrees on the practice patterns of nonphysician providers.     

法规:举证倒置——一笔算不清的"糊涂账"

早在《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》出台时,司法界的人士认为,由于患方对医疗专业技术知识知之甚少,而且病案和其他相关材料大部分均掌握在医院手里,患方在举证过程中处于劣势,难以保护自己的权益。而且医院与患者之间显然地存在着财力、物力和精力的差距。有些权益受侵害的患者及家属,因为无法花费过多的时间与精力用于收集证据、上诉等活动,所以不愿与医院打官司,而宁愿私下草草地协商解决问题,以至放弃了自己应有的权利。医疗侵权行为诉讼中举证责任倒置的原则,正是针对以上情况而确立的,它调整了以往诉讼程序中的不平等因素,更大限度地保护患者的权益不受侵害,维护了民法的平等原则。几年前,被誉为明显带着人文关怀规定的“举证倒置”的出台,让人们看到了一种希望:随着条文的细化和可操作性的增强,法律全面介入社会生活也有了更大的空间;如今,就此初衷对照检验“举证倒置”的实践效果:患者是不再发怵打官司了,但随之产生的其他问题却是剪不断,理还乱。     

Treatment of premature ejaculation: New drugs and treatment strategies

This review discusses treatment options for men with premature ejaculation (PE), a common sexual dysfunction characterized by short ejaculatory latency, decreased sexual satisfaction, and distress. For a number of reasons, including embarrassment and the belief that PE is a normal part of aging, that it has no effective treatment, or that it will resolve itself, few men with PE seek treatment. Although several treatment options exist (eg, behavioral, cognitive, and sex therapy methods; desensitizing drugs; off-label use of antidepressants, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, or à-blockers), the majority of men with PE are not satisfied with their results. New pharmacologic drugs develped specifically for the treatment of PE are undergoing evaluation in clinical trials. For example, recent clinical research studies have revealed on-demand administration of one such drug, dapoxetine, which achieved significant improvements in ejaculatory latency, control over ejaculation, and satisfaction with sexual intercourse. In addition, partners of men who received dapoxetine likewise reported improved satisfaction with sexual intercourse. Future studies may reveal that integration of pharmacologic drugs with psychologic and/or behavioral therapy techniques may be the optimal approach to the management of PE. PE is a treatable condition, and new drugs in development may provide benefits over those available.