谷胱甘肽S-转移酶在原发性肝癌中的表达

目的：为了解谷胱甘肽S－转移酶及其同工酶在原发性肝癌患者中的表达情况。方法：采用免疫组化方法对不同分化程度肝癌组织32例和肝硬化组织11例行GSTs和GST－π表达的研究，并以γ-GT作为对照；同时对128例不同肝病患者血清中GSTs活性作检测。结果：GSTs、GST－π及γ－GT的表达与肿瘤的分化程度有关，分化越差，阳性率越低，反之亦然；GST－π在分化良好组阳性表达率明显高于肝为后肝硬化组（P＜0．05）；血清GSTs活性检测肝癌组与正常对照组相比没有显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：GST－π是优于γ-GT的肝癌标志酶，尤其在分化程度良好的肝癌，对临床区分肝癌的分化程度有一定的意义。     

硒对紫外线诱导HLF细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的：探讨紫外线诱导人HLF细胞凋亡时DNA降解特点，以及硒对紫外线诱导细胞凋亡的保护作用。方法：紫外线分别照射体外培养的人肺成纤维细胞3min和5min，同时添加亚硒酸钠（8ng/ml），设立对照组。利用吖啶橙荧光染料染色鉴定凋亡细胞，利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA ladder。结果：紫外线可以诱导人肺成纤维细胞（28代）凋亡，作用存在时间效应关系。紫外线诱导人肺成纤维细胞凋亡时，未出现典型的DNA ladder现象。硒对于紫外线诱导的细胞凋亡有显著的抑制作用。结论：DNA ladder不能作为细胞凋亡的唯一的标志，紫外线诱导的细胞凋亡与DNA ladder的出现并不总是一致的。硒具有拮抗紫外线诱导的细胞凋亡作用。     

TRH、EGF及地塞米松促进未成熟胎肺组织分化及表面活性物质合成的研究

目的 比较TRH、EGF与地塞米松对未成熟胎肺形态发育及表面活性物质水平的影响。方法 在兔妊娠第22－24d或第24－26d分别用TRH、EGF或地塞米松母体静脉注射治病，通过光镜、图像分析及电镜等技术观察胎肺的形态结构，并检测胎肺的磷脂水平。结果 光镜下，TRH、EGF与地塞米松治疗组第25d及27d胎肺肺泡腔、肺泡间隔发育均明显好于对照组；EGF、TRH与地塞米松治疗组第27d胎肺的肺泡腔与肺泡间隔的面积比无明显差异。但EGF和TRH治疗组第25d胎肺的肺泡腔与肺泡间隔之比明显小于地塞米松治疗组。电镜下，三个治疗组第27d胎肺内含有板层体的Ⅱ型上皮细胞数量明显多于对照组，但各治疗组及对照组第25d的胎肺Ⅱ型上皮细胞胞浆内几乎未见明显板层体，相反胞浆内糖原含量却非常丰富。此外，三个治疗组27d胎肺的磷脂水平均明显高于对照组。结论 EGF、TRH及地塞米松在兔妊娠第24－26d母体治疗均能促进胎肺的形态发育和表面活性物质的合成，三种治疗方法对胎肺的影响程序无明显不同；在妊娠第22－24d治疗，地塞米松对胎肺形态结构的促进作用较EGF和TRH更明显，但三者对Ⅱ型上皮细胞分化及表面活性物质的合成均无明显影响。     

Changes in outcome with sphincter preserving surgery for rectal cancer in Korea, 1991-2000.

AIM: To report the clinical and oncological data of patients operated on for rectal cancers 3-5 cm from the AV over a 10 year period, including the Sphincter preservation (SP) rate. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 304 patients with rectal cancers 3-5 cm from the AV who underwent surgical resection from January 1991 through December 2000. The 10 years were divided into three periods based on the introduction of new surgical techniques, specifically, ultralow anterior resection (ULAR) with double stapling in March 1994 and ULAR with coloanal anastomosis in April 1997. The rates of SP, complications and patient survival during these periods were compared. RESULTS: The SP rate increased significantly over the 10 years, from 16.4% in period I (January 1991-February 1994), to 53.0% in period II (March 1994-March 1997), to 86.5% in period III (April 1997-December 2000) (p<0.001). Over time, the age of the patients increased (p=0.004), the length of the distal resection margin became shorter (p=0.005), and the rate of lymph node metastasis increased (p=0.016). The factors significantly influencing SP were the period (p<0.001) and the distance from the AV (p<0.001). Over time, morbidity did not increase, and overall and disease free survival rates did not decrease. In contrast, the overall survival of N2 cases significantly increased over time (p=0.0492). CONCLUSION: Over 10 years, the SP rate in rectal cancers 3-5 cm from the AV was significantly increased by the introduction of the double stapling and coloanal anastomosis techniques. These surgical methods, however, had no effect on morbidity, disease free survival and overall survival rates.     

三尖杉酯碱诱导慢性髓系白血病K-562细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的阐明三尖杉酯碱（HT）作用于K562细胞的机制。方法应用细胞形态、DNA凝胶电泳和流式细胞仪等检测,观察HT对K562细胞株的作用方式,进一步用RT-PCR方法研究bcr/abl基因在转录水平的改变。结果0.01～100.00μg/ml浓度HT可诱导K562细胞凋亡,并呈时间和剂量依赖性。随着药物作用时间的延长,bcr/abl基因的转录下调。结论低浓度HT就可通过抑制bcr/abl基因的表达,诱导K562细胞凋亡。     

多柔比星肾病肾损伤早期核因子-κB和血管紧张素ⅠⅡ的表达及关系探讨

目的　探讨在多柔比星 (阿霉素 )肾病综合征 (NS)幼年大鼠肾损伤过程中核因子 (NF) κB和血管紧张素ATⅠ、ATⅡ的表达及其相关性。方法　 4周龄雄性Wistar大鼠单侧肾切除加腹腔注射阿霉素造成NS模型 ,分别以免疫组织化学和原位杂交检测ATⅠ、ATⅡ和NF κB。结果　肾病组随着病变时间的延长 ,NF κB和ATⅠ、ATⅡ表达的强度和部位均呈增强趋势 ,治疗组在相同时间点则两者都有不同程度下调 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　在阿霉素肾病损伤过程中NF κB和ATⅠ、ATⅡ起着介导作用。     

宽叶缬草在抑制高胆固醇血症大鼠肾小管上皮细胞转分化中的作用

目的：探讨宽叶缬草在脂质肾损害肾小管上皮细胞转分化中的作用。方法：用含4％胆固醇和1％胆酸钠的高脂饲料饲喂大鼠建立高脂模型，观察宽叶缬草对大鼠血脂、尿蛋白和肌酐清除率的影响，以及对肾小管上皮细胞α－平滑肌肌动蛋白、波形蛋白、角蛋白表达的影响。结果：宽叶缬草有降低总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和尿蛋白的作用（P＜0．01），免疫组织化学法证实宽叶缬草在降脂和降尿蛋白的同时能降低肾小管上皮细胞α－平滑肌肌动蛋白、波形蛋白的表达（P＜0．01），抑制肾上管上皮细胞转分化。结论：宽叶缬草在脂质肾损害中的肾保护作用可能与在降脂基础上对肾小管上皮细胞表型转化的抑制有关。     

杏贝冲剂对哮喘豚鼠磷脂酶A2的影响

目的:探讨杏贝冲剂对哮喘气道炎症关键物质磷脂酶A₂(PLA₂)的影响。方法:以卵蛋白激发造成豚鼠哮喘模型,观察杏贝冲剂作用下PLA₂及其介导的支气管-肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中炎细胞成分、血浆炎性介质血栓素B₂(TXB₂)、6-酮-前列腺素F_1α(6-K-PGF_1α)的变化,并对哮喘症状加以分析。结果:杏贝冲剂治疗组PLA₂、TXB₂水平降低,BALF中嗜酸细胞成分明显减少,哮喘激发时间和症状改善。结论:杏贝冲剂通过对PLA₂的影响,起到抗炎控制哮喘的作用。     

A simple and inexpensive particle agglutination test to distinguish recent from established HIV-1 infection.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to modify the Serodia HIV-1/HIV-2 particle agglutination assay (PA), a simple and cost-effective HIV assay that is used globally for the detection of HIV antibodies, as a sensitive/less sensitive test (S/LS) to identify recently infected individuals and to estimate HIV incidence. METHODS: The Serodia PA test was modified as an S/LS test (PA-LS) by using HIV antigen-coated gelatin particles at a dilution of 1:68 and a specific diluent, and calibrated using 37 HIV clade B seroconversion panels (309 samples) from Trinidad and from a commercial source that were tested at dilution intervals from 1:10 to 1:80,000. The greatest sensitivity for correctly classifying samples from recent and established infections was determined by receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: At a 1:40,000 sample dilution and a days post-seroconversion cutoff of 190 days, the PA-LS test yielded a 97% sensitivity for classifying recent and established infection samples. Furthermore, at a 1:20,000 dilution, the positive predictive value for correctly identifying recently infected individuals was 99%. The PA-LS test offers a 30-44-fold cost saving over currently available S/LS tests. CONCLUSION: A modified, low cost and simple-to-perform PA test is appropriate for use in resource-limited countries, and has exhibited excellence in distinguishing recent from established HIV infection.