全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3487篇 |
免费 | 97篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 16篇 |
儿科学 | 43篇 |
妇产科学 | 28篇 |
基础医学 | 441篇 |
口腔科学 | 36篇 |
临床医学 | 289篇 |
内科学 | 896篇 |
皮肤病学 | 86篇 |
神经病学 | 279篇 |
特种医学 | 131篇 |
外科学 | 641篇 |
综合类 | 25篇 |
预防医学 | 193篇 |
眼科学 | 49篇 |
药学 | 231篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 205篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 63篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 45篇 |
2017年 | 27篇 |
2016年 | 30篇 |
2015年 | 51篇 |
2014年 | 85篇 |
2013年 | 117篇 |
2012年 | 221篇 |
2011年 | 250篇 |
2010年 | 137篇 |
2009年 | 126篇 |
2008年 | 266篇 |
2007年 | 250篇 |
2006年 | 253篇 |
2005年 | 268篇 |
2004年 | 248篇 |
2003年 | 236篇 |
2002年 | 201篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 36篇 |
1998年 | 56篇 |
1997年 | 49篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 33篇 |
1994年 | 30篇 |
1993年 | 32篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 25篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有3592条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
101.
Camilo A. Molina Patricia L. Zadnik Ziya L. Gokaslan Timothy F. Witham Ali Bydon Jean-Paul Wolinsky Daniel M. Sciubba 《The spine journal》2013,13(11):1434-1437
Background contextSpine-related health-care expenditures accounted for $86 billion dollars in 2005, a 65% increase from 1997. However, when adjusting for inflation, surgeons have seen decreased reimbursement rates over the last decade.PurposeTo assess contribution of surgeon fees to overall procedure cost, we reviewed the charges and reimbursements for a noninstrumented lumbar laminectomy and compared the amounts reimbursed to the hospital and to the surgeon at a major academic institution.Study design/settingRetrospective review of costs associated with lumbar laminectomies.Patient sampleSeventy-seven patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy for spinal stenosis throughout an 18-month period at a single academic medical center were included in this study.Outcome measuresCost and number of laminectomy levels.MethodsThe reimbursement schedule of six academic spine surgeons was collected over 18 months for performed noninstrumented lumbar laminectomy procedures. Bills and collections by the hospital and surgeon professional fees were comparatively analyzed and substratified by number of laminectomy levels and patient insurance status. Unpaired two-sample Student t test was used for analysis of significant differences.ResultsDuring an 18-month period, patients underwent a lumbar laminectomy involving on average three levels and stayed in the hospital on average 3.5 days. Complications were uncommon (13%). Average professional fee billing for the surgeon was $6,889±$2,882, and collection was $1,848±$1,433 (28% overall, 30% for private insurance, and 23% for Medicare/Medicaid insurance). Average hospital billing for the inpatient hospital stay minus professional fees from the surgeon was $14,766±$7,729, and average collection on such bills was $13,391±$7,256 (92% overall, 91% for private insurance, and 85% for Medicare/Medicaid insurance).ConclusionBased on this analysis, the proportion of overall costs allocated to professional fees for a noninstrumented lumbar laminectomy is small, whereas those allocated to hospital costs are far greater. These findings suggest that the current focus on decreasing physician reimbursement as the principal cost saving strategy will lead to minimal reimbursement for surgeons without a substantial drop in the overall cost of procedures performed. 相似文献
102.
103.
Cathy Lu Brandon Baraty Helen Lee Robertson Alexis Filyk Hua Shen Tak Fung Kerri Novak Christopher Ma Remo Panaccione Jean-Paul Achkar Sara El Ouali David Bruining Vipul Jairath Brian Feagan Florian Rieder the Stenosis Therapy Research Consortium 《Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics》2020,51(12):1233-1246
104.
105.
Berry A Balard P Coste A Olagnier D Lagane C Authier H Benoit-Vical F Lepert JC Séguéla JP Magnaval JF Chambon P Metzger D Desvergne B Wahli W Auwerx J Pipy B 《European journal of immunology》2007,37(6):1642-1652
The class B scavenger receptor CD36 is a component of the pattern recognition receptors on monocytes that recognizes a variety of molecules. CD36 expression in monocytes depends on exposure to soluble mediators. We demonstrate here that CD36 expression is induced in human monocytes following exposure to IL-13, a Th2 cytokine, via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma pathway. Induction of CD36 protein was paralleled by an increase in CD36 mRNA. The PPARgamma pathway was demonstrated using transfection of a PPARgamma expression plasmid into the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7, expressing very low levels of PPARgamma, and in peritoneal macrophages from PPARgamma-conditional null mice. We also show that CD36 induction by IL-13 via PPARgamma is dependent on phospholipase A2 activation and that IL-13 induces the production of endogenous 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, an endogenous PPARgamma ligand, and its nuclear localization in human monocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that CD36 and PPARgamma are involved in IL-13-mediated phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes. These results reveal a novel role for PPARgamma in the alternative activation of monocytes by IL-13, suggesting that endogenous PPARgamma ligands, produced by phospholipase A2 activation, could contribute to the biochemical and cellular functions of CD36. 相似文献
106.
Grard G Moureau G Charrel RN Lemasson JJ Gonzalez JP Gallian P Gritsun TS Holmes EC Gould EA de Lamballerie X 《Virology》2007,361(1):80-92
Here, we analyze the complete coding sequences of all recognized tick-borne flavivirus species, including Gadgets Gully, Royal Farm and Karshi virus, seabird-associated flaviviruses, Kadam virus and previously uncharacterized isolates of Kyasanur Forest disease virus and Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus. Significant taxonomic improvements are proposed, e.g. the identification of three major groups (mammalian, seabird and Kadam tick-borne flavivirus groups), the creation of a new species (Karshi virus) and the assignment of Tick-borne encephalitis and Louping ill viruses to a unique species (Tick-borne encephalitis virus) including four viral types (i.e. Western Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Eastern Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Turkish sheep Tick-borne encephalitis virus and Louping ill Tick-borne encephalitis virus). The analyses also suggest a complex relationship between viruses infecting birds and those infecting mammals. Ticks that feed on both categories of vertebrates may constitute the evolutionary bridge between the three distinct identified lineages. 相似文献
107.
Increased Ca2+ sensitivity and protein expression of SERCA 2a in situations of chronic β3-adrenoceptor deficiency 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ziskoven C Grafweg S Bölck B Wiesner RJ Jimenez M Giacobino JP Bloch W Schwinger RH Brixius K 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2007,453(4):443-453
This study investigated the influence of chronic β3-adrenoceptor deficiency on myocardial function. Therefore, we investigated Ca2+-regulatory proteins, SERCA 2a activity, and myofibrillar and mitochondrial function in hearts of wild-type (WT, n=7) and β3-adrenoceptor knockout mice (β3-KNO, n=7). Morphometric heart analysis showed no difference between WT and β3-KNO. No alterations were observed for the protein expression of the ryanodine receptor or phospholamban. However, in β3-KNO mice, protein expression of SERCA 2a and phospholamban phosphorylation were significantly increased. These changes were
accompanied by an increased SERCA 2a activity in β3-KNO. Alterations in phospholamban phosphorylation were independent of alterations in β1/β2-adrenoceptor distribution and protein expression of G proteins in β3-KNO. Measurement of myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity showed no difference in the Ca2+/force relation for WT and β3-KNO. The same seems to hold true for mitochondrial function since the protein expressions of cytochrome c, uncoupling protein 3 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV were similar in WT and β3-KNO. The conclusion is that depression of β3-adrenergic stimulation may modulate the protein expression of SERCA 2a and phospholamban phosphorylation, thereby improving
sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake. Thus, β3-adrenergic depression may be a therapeutic aim in situations of impaired SERCA 2a activity, e.g. for the treatment of heart
failure. 相似文献
108.
109.
Vande Berg Perrine Ulaj Artida de Broqueville Graziella de Vos Marie Delire Bénédicte Hainaut Philippe Thissen Jean-Paul Stärkel Peter Komuta Mina Henry Paulina Lanthier Nicolas 《Obesity surgery》2022,32(4):1227-1235
Obesity Surgery - Metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease–related cirrhosis is possible at the time of bariatric surgery, complicated by further liver decompensation.... 相似文献
110.
Dharmaratnam Vanessa Malishree Lim Eugene Eng Alvin Chan Weng Hoong Tan Hong Chang Ho Emily Kovalik Jean-Paul Ganguly Sonali Tan Jeremy Lee Phong Ching Lim Chin Hong 《Obesity surgery》2022,32(10):3298-3304
Obesity Surgery - Bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable treatment option for clinically severe obesity. Unfortunately, some degree of weight regain (WR) is common after nadir weight... 相似文献