Detecting spontaneous deception in the brain

Deception detection can be of great value during the juristic investigation. Although the neural signatures of deception have been widely documented, most prior studies were biased by difficulty levels. That is, deceptive behavior typically required more effort, making deception detection possibly effort detection. Furthermore, no study has examined the generalizability across instructed and spontaneous responses and across participants. To explore these issues, we used a dual‐task paradigm, where the difficulty level was balanced between truth‐telling and lying, and the instructed and spontaneous truth‐telling and lying were collected independently. Using Multivoxel pattern analysis, we were able to decode truth‐telling versus lying with a balanced difficulty level. Results showed that the angular gyrus (AG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and postcentral gyrus could differentiate lying from truth‐telling. Critically, linear classifiers trained to distinguish instructed truthful and deceptive responses could correctly differentiate spontaneous truthful and deceptive responses in AG and IFG with above‐chance accuracy. In addition, with a leave‐one‐participant‐out analysis, multivoxel neural patterns from AG could classify if the left‐out participant was lying or not in a trial. These results indicate the commonality of neural responses subserved instructed and spontaneous deceptive behavior as well as the feasibility of cross‐participant deception validation.     

Isolated Peritoneal Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Presenting with Massive Ascites: A Case Report

The peritoneal carcinomatosis of prostate cancer without bone or other visceral organ involvement is extremely rare. We report a case of an isolated peritoneal metastasis of prostate cancer in a patient without other metastatic sites and a history of prostate surgery. A 63-year-old male with locally advanced prostate cancer without known distant metastasis on androgen deprivation therapy presented with abdominal distension that had persisted for a month. Abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) showed gastric wall thickening and a moderate amount of ascites. The gastroscopy showed hyperemic mucosal patches on the antrum body. A cytological examination of the ascites fluid was negative for malignant cells. Diagnostic laparoscopy showed multiple nodules in the peritoneum. A biopsy was performed. Histological findings were compatible with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate, which was immunohistochemically positive for pan-cytokeratin, the androgen receptor, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The patient was then treated with abiraterone acetate. After 1 month of treatment, both ascites and the PSA value decreased. We describe an extremely rare case of isolated peritoneal carcinomatosis from prostate cancer without any organ metastasis or history of surgery. Clinicians should be aware of these very rare metastases of prostate cancer. Hormonal therapy may be helpful for such cases.     

张琪教授治疗慢性肾小球肾炎经验

张琪教授认为慢性肾小球肾炎的病因病机为:外邪侵袭是主要诱发因素;脾肾虚衰是共同病理基础;水湿、湿热、瘀血是主要病理产物;虚实并见、寒热夹杂是共同病机特点;临床对肾小球肾炎主要症状水肿、蛋白尿、血尿、氮质血症等辨证施治,疗效显著。     

Evaluation of biomechanical and histological properties of corrosive chemical burns

This study was aimed to prepare a standard experimental chemical burns and evaluate biomechanical and histological properties. As a model corrosive acid burns, sulfuric acid burns were made on the peritoneal part of the rabbit ear with diameter 8?mm by varing sulfuric acid concentrations (1, 2, 18.8?M) and inflicted time (20, 40, 60 and 120?s). The progress of the chemical injury was evaluated for 3?weeks by macroscopic and microscopic observation. Degree of regeneration of damaged epidermis and dermis and presence of infected cells and arrangements of collagen were investigated. Histology of 18.8?M sulfuric acid for 20?s burns showed epidermal necrosis, diffuse vascular infiltrate and collagen degeneration at the level of the papillary dermis, which is a characteristic of a deep dermal burn. The stress?Cstrain curves of normal skin, 18.8?M sulfuric acid treated wound, 6?mm surgical biopsy punch wound and at 21?days post wound were evaluated. As tensile strength measures the ability of matrix to withstand rupture, as the damage from corrosive acid chemical involved wider and deep skin area with permanent damage, the healing could not be processed complete and showed less than 16?% of tensile strength (0.05?±?0.01?N/mm²) as compared with those of normal skin (0.31?±?0.08?N/mm²). The sulfuric acid inflicted wound showed flatter, reflecting the small magnitude of their moduli of elasticity. The elasticity constant for sulfuric acid treated skin (1.46?±?0.17?N/mm) is only 25?% of those of normal skin (5.87?±?2.14?N/mm). Surgical punch wound showed higher tensile strength (0.10?±?0.02?N/mm²) and elasticity constant (4.19?±?0.47?N/mm) than those of corrosive chemical acid burns. In conclusion, the proposed sulfuric acid burn condition (18.8?M, 20?s) could be employed as a useful corrosive chemical wound model. The degree of damage induced by corrosive acid chemicals is more significant than surgical full thickness wound and was dependent on the concentration and treatment time. By controlling the burn condition, the extent of damage could be designed. Biomechanical and histological study demonstrated that the corrosive acid burns induced full thickness permanent dermal injury and significant losses in tensile strength and elasticity modulus.     

Practical Application of Iterative Decomposition of Water and Fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-Squares Estimation (IDEAL) Imaging in Minimizing Metallic Artifacts

Iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and the least-squares estimation (IDEAL) is a recently developed method for robust separation of fat and water with very high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) efficiency. In contrast to conventional fat-saturation methods, IDEAL is insensitive to magnetic field (B0 and B1) inhomogeneity. The aim of this study was to illustrate the practical application of the IDEAL technique in reducing metallic artifacts in postoperative patients with metallic hardware. The IDEAL technique can help musculoskeletal radiologists make an accurate diagnosis particularly in musculoskeletal imaging by reducing metallic artifacts, enabling the use of contrast enhancement, improving SNR performance, and providing various modes of MR images with one scan parameter.