降血糖药用植物资源概述

糖尿病是威胁人类健康的四大致死疾病之一.据统计目前全球有2型糖尿病患者1.3亿,我国达4 000万人,预测到2025年,全球将增至3亿人,目前尚无根治办法.近年来,医药界在降血糖药用植物研究方面做了诸多工作,现作一概述.     

Establishment of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line highly expressing sodium iodide symporter for radionuclide gene therapy.

To evaluate the possibility of radionuclide gene therapy and imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma cancer, we investigated the iodine accumulation of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, SK-Hep1, by transfer of human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) gene. By targeting NIS expression in SK-Hep1, we could also investigate whether these cells concentrate 99mTc-pertechnetate and 188Re-perrhenate as well as 125I in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: The hNIS gene was transfected to human hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep1 cell lines using lipofectamine plus reagent. The uptake and efflux of 125I, 99mTc-pertechnetate, and 188Re-perrhenate were measured in the transfected and parental cells. Biodistribution was studied in nude mice bearing SK-Hep1 and SK-Hep1-NIS at 10 and 30 min and at 1, 2, 6, 16, and 23 h after injection of 125I, 99mTc- pertechnetate, or 188Re-perrhenate. In tumor imaging studies, the nude mice were intravenously injected with 188Re-perrhenate and imaged with a gamma-camera equipped with a pinhole collimator at 30 and 60 min after injection. The survival rate (%) was determined by the clonogenic assay after 37 MBq/10 mL (1 mCi/10 mL) 131I and 188Re-perrhenate treatment. RESULTS: SK-Hep1-NIS, stably expressing the NIS gene, accumulated 125I up 150 times higher than that of SK-Hep1. Iodine uptake of SK-Hep1-NIS is completely blocked by perchlorate. NIS gene transfection into SK-Hep1 also resulted in 112- and 87-fold increases of 99mTc-pertechnetate and 188Re-perrhenate uptake, respectively. Iodide efflux from SK-Hep1-NIS was relatively slow, with only 10% released during the initial 5 min, and 60% remained at 25 min. In the biodistribution study using SK-Hep1-NIS-xenographed mice, the tumor uptake of 125I, 188Re-perrhenate, and 99mTc-pertechnetate was 68.0 +/- 15.0, 46.2 +/- 9.1, and 59.6 +/- 16.2 %ID/g (percentage injected dose per gram) at 2 h after injection, respectively. After 188Re-perrhenate injection in SK-Hep1 and SK-Hep1-NIS-xenographed nude mice, whole-body images clearly visualized the SK-Hep1-NIS tumor, whereas the control tumor was not visualized. The survival rate (%) of SK-Hep1-NIS was markedly reduced to 46.3% +/- 10.1% and 28.9% +/- 5.2% after 37 MBq/mL (1 mCi/10 mL) 131I and 188Re-perrhenate treatment compared with the survival rates of the parental cells. These results demonstrated that SK-Hep1-NIS could be selectively killed by the induced 131I and 188Re-perrhenate accumulation through NIS gene expression. CONCLUSION: NIS-based gene therapy using beta-emitting radionuclides has the potential to be used in hepatocellular carcinoma management.     

血浆置换床边治疗重型肝炎临床观察

目的探讨血浆置换(简称PE)床边治疗重型肝炎的临床疗效。方法60例病例采用常规内科治疗加PE治疗,比较PE治疗前后临床症状缓解时间及血生化变化。结果临床症状缓解迅速,黄疸减退,白蛋白、胆碱脂酶升高,PT恢复,补体上升,不影响肾功及电解质。结论PE为重型肝炎一种行之有效的治疗方法。     

多沙唑嗪与特拉唑嗪治疗原发性高血压的疗效比较

目的:比较甲磺酸多沙唑嗪和特拉唑嗪治疗原发性高血压的疗效和安全性.方法:采用随机单盲平行对照试验,将符合条件的轻、中度高血压患者63例随机分为试验组(多沙唑嗪)和对照组(特拉唑嗪).试验剂量从2 mg开始逐渐递增至2～8 mg/d,疗程4周.治疗前后分别行心电图、常规体检、血尿常规和生化检查.结果:①治疗4周后,多沙唑嗪组降压总有效率80.7%,特拉唑嗪组降压总有效率70.0%.两组间无显著性差异.②多沙唑嗪组治疗前后收缩压、舒张压的下降幅度分别为10.81%、10.70%,特拉唑嗪组为10.01%、11.47%.两组间无显著性差异.③多沙唑嗪组有效剂量2～6 mg/d,平均3.04 mg/d,特拉唑嗪组有效剂量2～8 mg/d,平均4.19 mg/d.④每组不良事件发生率相似,多沙唑嗪组25.8%,特拉唑嗪组33.3%(P>0.05).最常见的不良反应为头晕、头痛、心悸、体位性低血压等,多为轻度,可迅速缓解,多沙唑嗪组未发生体位性低血压.结论:甲磺酸多沙唑嗪2～6 mg/d,一天一次口服治疗轻、中度高血压安全有效.     

先天性后侧半椎体切除术治疗角形脊柱后凸畸形

目的探讨先天性后侧半椎体切除术治疗角形脊柱后凸畸形的适应证、手术方法及临床效果. 方法采用该方法手术治疗角形脊柱后凸25例,经后路暴露双侧椎板,自双侧分离暴露关节突外侧和横突, 切除横突.沿椎弓根自骨膜下向前分离, 暴露多余的半椎体, 切除多余的一节椎弓和后侧半椎体,自后路行双侧弓根螺钉加压棍固定. 结果本组无脊髓损伤、感染等术后并发症发生.20例随访5～10年, 远期效果好; 3例随访1年以上, 矫正效果良好; 2例术后尚未及1年, 正在随访中.Cobb's角从术前平均68°降至术后平均11°. 结论先天性后侧半椎体切除术的年龄范围为8～22岁,年龄越大越趋向于作全脊柱截骨术.     

阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的：应用高频超声观察冠心病（CAD）患者，经阿托伐他汀治疗后对肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能（EDD）的改善作用。方法：经冠脉造影（CAG）确诊为CAD患者59例，利用高频超声血管技术检测阿托伐他汀对CAD患者治疗前后肱动脉EDD的疗效。结果：阿托伐他汀治疗2年后，EDD比治疗前有明显改善（P〈0．05），与对照组相比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。常规治疗组治疗2年后，EDD无明显改善（P〉0．05），与阿托伐他汀组治疗后及对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：阿托伐他汀具有改善EDD的作用。     

耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5的表达

目的 研究细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5(cyclin dependent kinases 5,CDK5)在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,探索其在耐药性癫(癎)发病机制中的作用.方法 收集耐药性癫(癎)患者术后脑组织,用荧光定量PCR、免疫组化和Western blot 3种检测方法从基因和蛋白水平分别测定CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,并与对照组进行比较.结果 荧光定量PCR发现CDK5 mRAN比对照组明显增加,免疫组化检测显示这种基因的蛋白表达产物主要分布在神经元轴突和胶质细胞中,Western blot检测在相对分子质量35 000处有一蛋白条带,并且可见实验组(颞叶和海马中分别为1.4293±0.1839和2.0733±0.4738)高于对照组(颞叶和海马中分别为0.9680±0.4147和1.403±0.6163,P＜0.05).结论 CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中表达增强,提示他们可能参与了耐药性癫(癎)的形成.     

Clinical assessment and management of depression.

Major depressive disorder is a psychiatric disorder that encompasses a broad range of emotional, psychological, behavioral, and physical symptoms (Fava et al., 2004). The nurse in the hospital, office, school, or community setting can provide the essential elements of effective care for depression, including early detection by screening, medication teaching, depression education, teaching coping skills, and appropriate use of specialists and resources. Utilizing the nursing process, the nurse can provide comprehensive care to improve the depressed patient's physical and psychological well-being.