Opposite effects of α-lipoic acid on antioxidation and long-term potentiation in control and chronically lead-exposed rats

Among the developmental changes identified in rats exposed to lead are impairments in long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus and changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and some soft tissues. alpha-Lipoic acid (LA) has been reported to be highly effective in improving the thiol capacity of the cells and in reducing lead-induced oxidative stress. To explore the effects of LA on LTP in chronically lead-exposed rats and the relationship between ROS and LTP in both control and lead-exposed rats, we have compared LTP and oxidative stress parameters in groups of lead-exposed and control rats with or without LA treatment (10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg through intraperitoneal injection). The capacity of LA to decrease hippocampal lead levels in lead-exposed rats was examined. We found that LA had no effects in decreasing the level of lead in the hippocampus, but it did appear to have both antioxidant properties and a reparatory effect on LTP amplitude in rats developmentally exposed to lead for 2 weeks following birth. Interestingly, bell-shaped dose-response curves emerged. In the lower LA dosage groups (10, 25 mg/kg LA), there was an increasing LTP amplitude. The strongest protective effect in terms of the induction and amplitude of LTP in the lead-exposed group with at 25 mg/kg LA; when higher dosages were applied (50, 100 mg/kg LA), the LTP amplitude decreased as compared to the 25 mg/kg LA treatment group. The administration of LA to control animals resulted in a significant impairment of LTP amplitude, with the 100 mg/kg LA treatment having harmful effects on the oxidative parameters. These differential effects of LA on LTP in control and lead-exposed rats may be due to the different redox status of the control and lead-exposed rats.     

自体骨髓单个核细胞移植对小型猪心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用

目的研究自体骨髓单个核细胞(BM-MNC)移植对小型猪心肌缺血再灌注损伤后心功能和梗死心肌的作用。方法结扎法建立心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型的16头小型猪,随机分为BM-MNC移植组(n=9)和磷酸盐缓冲液对照组(n=7),分别经冠状动脉移植(3.54±0.90)×108个BM-MNC细胞或磷酸盐缓冲液,对比移植4周时超声心动图、血液动力学、新生血管密度和心肌梗死面积的变化。结果BM-MNC组在细胞移植4周后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、室间隔、侧壁、前间壁厚度、心输出量和 dp/dtmax与细胞移植前比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。对照组在细胞移植4周后,LVEF显著降低,室间隔、侧壁、前间壁显著变薄,心输出量和 dp/dtmax显著降低(P均<0.05)。舒张功能的指标在细胞移植前后各组变化不明显(P>0.05)。BM-MNC组缺血再灌注区的小血管数目为(13.39±6.96)个/高倍视野,显著高于对照组的(3.50±1.90)个/高倍视野(P<0.05)。BM-MNC组总心肌梗死面积和心肌梗死百分比均较对照组显著减少(P<0.05)。结论缺血再灌注区移植的BM-MNC可增加移植区新生小血管数目,减少心肌梗死面积,对改善心脏收缩功能起到一定作用。     

Effects of Cd(2+) on AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal CA1 area

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by some Fusarium species, is a frequent contaminant of cereals. This toxin is known to modulate the immune function but only few studies have investigated the effect of DON on the vaccinal immune response. In the present experiment, 24 pigs received for 9 weeks either control feed or feed naturally contaminated with 2.2-2.5 mgDON/kg feed. At days 4 and 15 of the experiment, the animals were subcutaneously immunized with ovalbumin. Consumption of DON-contaminated diet does not have a major effect on the hematological and biochemical blood parameters. By contrast, ingestion of DON significantly affects the global and the specific immune response of the pigs. In the serum, DON increases the concentration of total IgA and, in vaccinated animals, DON also increases the concentration of ovalbumin-specific IgA and IgG. DON does not modulate lymphocytes proliferation after mitogenic stimulation but the toxin had a biphasic effect on lymphocyte proliferation after antigenic stimulation (up-regulation at day 21 and down-regulation at day 35-49). Because cytokines play a key role in immunity, the expression levels of TGF-beta, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-6 were measured, by RT-PCR in the spleen, the ileum and the mesenteric lymph node of the animals at the end of the experiment. In the mesenteric lymph node, a significantly lower expression of both TGF-beta and IFN-gamma mRNA expression levels is observed in animals feed with DON when compared with control piglets. Taken together, our data indicate that DON alters the vaccinal immune response. These results may have implications for humans and animals consuming DON-contaminated food or feed as breakdown in vaccinal immunity may lead to the occurrence of disease even in properly vaccinated populations.     

The alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): reliability of new psychiatric diagnostic modules and risk factors in a general population sample

This study presents test-retest reliability statistics and information on internal consistency for new diagnostic modules and risk factors for alcohol, drug, and psychiatric disorders from the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV). Test-retest statistics were derived from a random sample of 1899 adults selected from 34,653 respondents who participated in the 2004-2005 Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Internal consistency of continuous scales was assessed using the entire Wave 2 NESARC. Both test and retest interviews were conducted face-to-face. Test-retest and internal consistency results for diagnoses and symptom scales associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and borderline, narcissistic, and schizotypal personality disorders were predominantly good (kappa>0.63; ICC>0.69; alpha>0.75) and reliability for risk factor measures fell within the good to excellent range (intraclass correlations=0.50-0.94; alpha=0.64-0.90). The high degree of reliability found in this study suggests that new AUDADIS-IV diagnostic measures can be useful tools in research settings. The availability of highly reliable measures of risk factors for alcohol, drug, and psychiatric disorders will contribute to the validity of conclusions drawn from future research in the domains of substance use disorder and psychiatric epidemiology.     

甘氨酸对烧伤大鼠失控炎症反应的调控作用及机制研究探讨

目的 探讨对于烧伤大鼠采用甘氨酸调控过度炎症反应的作用及其相关机制.方法 本次研究主要是通过对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内游离钙离子浓度影响的分析来确定甘氨酸对烧伤大鼠失控炎症反应的调控作用.结果 3、6、12、24 h,烧伤合并脓毒症组血浆LPS水平与其他3组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).3h,烧伤合并脓毒症组血浆TNF-α水平与单纯烧伤组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);6、12h,烧伤合并脓毒症组TNF-α水平与其他3组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05);24h,烧伤合并脓毒症、谷氨酰胺治疗组TNF-α水平与其他3组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).:3h,4组大鼠血浆IL-10水平整体比较,差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);6h,烧伤合并脓毒症、甘氨酸治疗组血浆IL-10水平与其他3组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);12、24 h,烧伤合并脓毒症、甘氨酸治疗组血浆IL-10水平与烧伤合并脓毒症、谷氨酰胺治疗组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).结论 Gln及Gly在临床上具有抗炎及抗脓毒症作用,能够在一定程度上降低烧伤后脓毒症大鼠血浆LPS水平以及抑制炎性细胞因子TNF-α分泌,并促进抗炎因子IL-10分泌.     

中药复方溃疡油防治放射性皮肤炎的临床观察

目的 探讨中药复方溃疡油防治放射性皮肤炎的疗效.方法 将接受头、颈、胸部位放射治疗的患者80例分为溃疡油组(观察组)和西医治疗组(对照组),每组40例.观察两组放疗性皮肤损伤出现时间、皮肤损伤分级、皮肤损伤痊愈时间等.通过卡式(KPS)评分和皮肤病生活质量指标调查表(DLQI)评分比较两组患者生活质量.结果 两组的放射性皮肤炎发生率为100％,观察组的患者皮肤炎出现时间较对照组有明显延缓(P＜0.05).观察组中发生1、2级皮肤炎的人数占到90％,而对照组中发生1、2级皮肤炎的人数为42.5％,观察组的放射性皮肤炎级别总体低于对照组(P＜0.05).对照组的平均痊愈时间为(24.70±2.64)d,观察组的平均痊愈时间为(26.50±2.64)d,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).两组患者放疗前KPS评分和DLQI评分差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),放疗后观察组KPS评分均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),DLQI评分明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 中药复方溃疡油能明显地延缓患者放射性皮肤炎发生的时间,降低患者放射性皮肤炎级别,而且加速皮肤损伤的愈合,对患者的生活质量有整体改善作用.     

真如社区老年高血压合并糖尿病患者多重用药现状调查

摘 要 目的：了解老年慢性病患者用药情况、多重用药现状及其危害。方法：对2015年7~9月真如社区全科门诊老年高血压合并糖尿病患者进行流行病调查,问卷内容包括患者基本情况、患病情况、目前用药情况、不良反应发生情况。结果：调查收到有效问卷6 002份,其中5 877例（97.92%）患者长期依靠药物治疗,3 611例（60.16%）患者服用药品及保健品≥5种,被调查者中不适当用药发生率为16.01%,不良反应发生率为19.01%,随着用药品种的增加,不适当用药和不良反应的发生率均明显提高（P＜0.01）。结论：社区老年慢性病患者多重用药现象普遍,导致不适当用药和不良反应增加,有必要在社区开展药物重整工作。