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51.
Maturation of Startle Modulation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Edward M. Ornitz Donald Guthrie Andrea R. Kaplan Shelly J. Lane Robert J. Norman 《Psychophysiology》1986,23(6):624-634
This study of the maturation of prestimulation-induced modulation of startle in 3 to 8 year old children and adults demonstrated significant effects of age on both startle magnitude and onset latency. Startle was evoked by 104dB(SPL) 50-ms bursts of white noise, and the amplitude and onset latency of the blink reflex were measured after integration of the obicularis oculi EMG. Prestimulation with 75dB 1000 Hz tones resulted in severe inhibition of both amplitude and latency in adults when 20-ms tones preceded the startling stimuli by 120 ms or 250 ms. Following sustained prestimulation for 2000 ms, the adults showed modest nonsignificant response facilitation. Eight-year-old children showed mature inhibitory and facilitatory startle amplitude modulation, but significantly less inhibition and more facilitation of onset latency compared to adults. Preschool children showed significantly less amplitude and latency inhibition and more facilitation than 8-year-olds and adults. In response to prestimulation 120 ms before startling stimuli, the preschool children actually showed latency facilitation. Modulation of startle by prestimulation is mediated by brainstem neuronal networks. These findings suggest that brainstem mechanisms which mediate startle response modulation undergo development during early childhood and do not mature until about 8 years of age. 相似文献
52.
A group-specific,indirect sandwich ELISA for the detection of equine encephalosis virus antigen 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Crafford JE Guthrie AJ van Vuuren M Mertens PP Burroughs JN Howell PG Hamblin C 《Journal of virological methods》2003,112(1-2):129-135
A polyclonal antibody-based, group-specific, indirect, sandwich ELISA (S-ELISA) for the detection of equine encephalosis virus (EEV) antigen was developed. Purified EEV particles were titrated in the S-ELISA and the limit of detection was determined to be approximately 9.0 ng of antigen/ml (0.45 ng/well). Positive S-ELISA reactions were recorded with seven serologically distinct EEV serotypes. No cross-reactions were recorded with other arboviruses including African horse sickness virus (AHSV) serotypes 1-9, bluetongue serotypes 1-24, epizootic haemorrhagic disease serotypes 1-8 and isolate 318, and selected isolates of Palyam, Eubenangee, Corriparta, Warrego, Akabane and bovine ephemeral fever viruses. The assay proved to be sensitive and specific for the rapid detection of EEV in cell cultures and in homogenated suckling mouse brain (MB). The data generated in this study suggest that the ELISA will be valuable for epidemiological studies of EE and will assist in making a reliable differential diagnosis between EEV and AHSV infections. 相似文献
53.
54.
Bruce Guthrie Tom Love Rebecca Kaye Margaret MacLeod Jim Chalmers 《The British journal of general practice》2008,58(550):311-317
BACKGROUND: The Shipman Inquiry recommended mortality rate monitoring if it could be 'shown to be workable' in detecting a future mass murderer in general practice. AIM: To examine the effectiveness of cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts, cross-sectional Shewhart charts, and exponentially-weighted, moving-average control charts in mortality monitoring at practice level. DESIGN OF STUDY: Analysis of Scottish routine general practice data combined with estimation of control chart effectiveness in detecting a 'murderer' in a simulated dataset. METHOD: Practice stability was calculated from routine data to determine feasible lengths of monitoring. A simulated dataset of 405,000 'patients' was created, registered with 75 'practices' whose underlying mortality rates varied with the same distribution as case-mix-adjusted mortality in all Scottish practices. The sensitivity of each chart to detect five and 10 excess deaths was examined in repeated simulations. The sensitivity of control charts to excess deaths in simulated data, and the number of alarm signals when control charts were applied to routine data were estimated. RESULTS: Practice instability limited the length of monitoring and modelling was consequently restricted to a 3-year period. Monitoring mortality over 3 years, CUSUM charts were most sensitive but only reliably achieved >50% successful detection for 10 excess deaths per year and generated multiple false alarms (>15%). CONCLUSION: At best, mortality monitoring can act as a backstop to detect a particularly prolific serial killer when other means of detection have failed. Policy should focus on changes likely to improve detection of individual murders, such as reform of death certification and the coroner system. 相似文献
55.
Relation between raised concentrations of fucose, sialic acid, and acute phase proteins in serum from patients with cancer: choosing suitable serum glycoprotein markers.
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G A Turner A W Skillen P Buamah D Guthrie J Welsh J Harrison A Kowalski 《Journal of clinical pathology》1985,38(5):588-592
Serum concentrations of fucose, sialic acid, and eight acute phase proteins were measured in single specimens from patients with cancer in order to determine whether the raised concentrations of protein bound sugars commonly found in cancer correlate with increased concentrations of the acute phase proteins. Strong positive correlations were found only with alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and haptoglobins. Changes in protein bound sugars and acute phase proteins were also examined in relation to patients' disease states. Serum fucose was raised more often in patients with advanced disease than in those in whom the spread of the tumour was more restricted; increased sialic acid concentrations, however, were found with a similar frequency in both these groups. Combined use of fucose and sialic acid values gave a high degree of marker positivity which could be only slightly improved on by including measurement of acute phase proteins. The combined use of serum fucose and sialic acid concentrations may have value in monitoring patients with cancer: the sialic acid provides an index of the acute phase response and the fucose a measure of the tumour spread. 相似文献
56.
57.
Antiphospholipid antibodies and the outcome of pregnancy after the first in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer cycle 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Balasch J; Creus M; Fabregues F; Civico S; Reverter JC; Carmona F; Tassies D; Vanrell JA 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(5):1180-1183
Increased antiphospholipid antibody prevalence has been demonstrated by a
number of recent studies in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) patients but the
potential effects of antiphospholipid antibodies on the different
components of the reproductive process and the consideration of whether to
test IVF patients for antiphospholipid antibodies are controversial. The
present study was undertaken to investigate the possible association
between the presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (namely the
lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies), among a series of 21
consecutive IVF patients having a clinical spontaneous abortion after their
first embryo transfer. As a control group (n=42), the nearest IVF cycle
resulting in an ongoing pregnancy before and after each miscarried IVF
cycle (i.e. the closest cycles in temporal relationship to the index cycle)
was used. One patient (4.8%) in the study group and two women (4.8%) among
controls were seropositive for antiphospholipid antibodies. These low and
similar seropositivity rates found in the two groups studied lead us to
conclude that antiphospholipid antibodies testing in IVF patients should be
considered only in those women having repeated failures of
implantation/clinical abortion after embryo transfer but not in an
infertile general population reaching an IVF programme.
相似文献
58.
59.
Huisman JA; Paulussen RJ; Geurts TB; Odink J; Rekers H 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(1):34-38
The objective was to demonstrate bioequivalence between s.c. and i.m.
administration of Humegon (FSH/LH ratio 1:1) and Normegon (FSH/LH ratio
3:1). In two randomized, single-centre, cross-over studies, 18 healthy
volunteers on each formulation were assigned to one of the two
administration sequences. Subjects were given single doses of one of the
above gonadotrophins after endogenous gonadotrophin production had first
been suppressed using high-dose oral contraceptive. Subsequently, rate
(Cmax, tmax) and extent (AUC) of absorption of follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined for 14 days. For Cmax
and AUC, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on log-transformed data
and for tmax ANOVA was performed on ranks. Intramuscular and s.c.
injections of Humegon were bioequivalent with respect to the main
pharmacokinetic parameters, being AUC and Cmax of FSH absorption.
Intramuscular and s.c. injections of Normegon were bioequivalent with
respect to the AUC of FSH and not bioequivalent with respect to the Cmax of
FSH. For tmax of FSH as well as for most LH variables of both preparations,
bioequivalence could not be proven due to the high intra- and
interindividual variability and/or concentrations being close to the
detection limit. Thus, the main pharmacokinetic FSH variables after i.m.
and s.c. administration of Humegon and Normegon were bioequivalent.
相似文献
60.
Is the outcome of in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatment improved by spontaneous or surgical drainage of a hydrosalpinx? 总被引:4,自引:7,他引:4
Sowter MC; Akande VA; Williams JA; Hull MG 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(10):2147-2150
A pilot study was designed to examine whether the outcome of embryo
transfer in women with a hydrosalpinx might be improved by surgical
drainage of the hydrosalpinx at the time of oocyte collection for in- vitro
fertilization treatment. A comparative, controlled but retrospective
analysis of the results was performed of all women with infective tubal
damage aged <40 years old, who had ovulatory cycles, a normal uterus and
a partner with normal spermatozoa. A standardized treatment regimen was
used. A maximum of three embryos were transferred. Hydrosalpinx was defined
by prior hysterosalpingography and/or laparoscopy with transcervical dye
injection. A total of 237 embryo transfer cycles in women with
hydrosalpinges (tubal distension not visible in 151, visible but not
drained in 30 and drained in 56) were compared with 705 embryo transfer
cycles in women with tubal disease but no hydrosalpinx. Results were
analysed in the first three cycles but also separately in the first cycle
to check for bias. Success rates were higher in the first cycle, but did
not significantly influence overall differences. Implantation rates were
significantly reduced overall in the hydrosalpinx group (8.0 versus 13.2%
for controls; P < 0.001), being 8.3% (P < 0.01) in the subgroup
without evident tubal distension and 7.5% (not significant) in the drained
hydrosalpinx group. This study shows that tubal damage with distal
occlusion is associated with a marked reduction in embryo implantation,
even in the absence of obvious fluid distension. Surgical drainage of
distended hydrosalpinges appears to offer no benefit.
相似文献