Identifying mental health services in clinical genetic settings

The purpose of this study was to examine the mental health needs of individuals at risk for adult onset hereditary disorder (AOHD) from the perspective of their genetic service providers, as it is unknown to what extent psychosocial services are required and being met. A mail-out survey was sent to 281 providers on the membership lists of the Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors and the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists. The survey assessed psychosocial issues that were most commonly observed by geneticists, genetic counsellors (GCs), and nurses as well as availability and types of psychosocial services offered. Of the 129 respondents, half of genetic service providers reported observing signs of depression and anxiety, while 44% noted patients' concerns regarding relationships with family and friends. In terms of providing counselling to patients, as the level of psychological risk increased, confidence in dealing with these issues decreased. In addition, significantly more GCs reported that further training in psychosocial issues would be most beneficial to them if resources were available. As a feature of patient care, it is recommended that gene-based predictive testing include an integrative model of psychosocial services as well as training for genetic service providers in specific areas of AOHD mental health.     

Review shows that using surfactant a number of times or as a vehicle for budesonide may reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Aim

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common respiratory morbidity in immature infants. This review describes the diagnosis of BPD has evolved and summarises the therapeutic approaches that have made it possible to limit the incidence of BPD.

Method

We reviewed the literature from the first definition of BPD by Northway in 1967 to the surfactant treatment policies that are currently in use, drawing on more than 50 papers up to 2017.

Results

Our review showed that improvements in neonatal survival have been associated with an increased risk of severe BPD, significant levels of long‐term morbidity and the increased use of healthcare resources. These issues have encouraged researchers to explore potential new treatments that limit the incidence of BPD. Repeated surfactant instillation and the use of surfactant as a vehicle for budesonide are promising strategies for alleviating the burden of chronic lung disease. Ongoing research on surfactant or stem cell therapy may further improve the respiratory prognosis for prematurely born children.

Conclusion

Considerable research has been carried out into the increase in BPD, which has resulted from improvements in neonatal survival. Key areas of research include repeated surfactant administration, using surfactant as a vehicle for budesonide and stem cell therapy.     

中国卫生地理信息系统基础数据库的构建

目的：构建可用于中国卫生地理信息系统（GIS）应用研究的基础数据库，以合理应用已有的数据资源，并成为一个空间决策系统。方法：采集不同资料来源，经统一标化后构成基本资料源。主要的资料源包括：（1）覆盖中国地区的卫星遥感图片库；（2）GIS数字化地图库；（3）疾病资料库与相关模型库。结果：已获卫星遥感图片库中的植被指数遥感图片、地面温度遥感图片、数字化高程图片、数字化土地利用图片等；GIS数字化地图库中的中国行政区划数字化地图、环境数据矢量地图、人口分布图、气象资料分布图等；疾病资料库与相关模型库中包括了多种疾病的调查报告、疾病防治年报表等资料，以及疾病的传播模型和媒介／中间宿主潜在自然孳生地模型，及恶性肿瘤发病因素相关图。结论：该数据库的构建使不同来源的数据达到统一性，数据库收集的数据量以足能为国内卫生专业人员应用为前提，希望通过更多疾病的应用，使数据库得以完善。     

磺酸基邻苯二甲酰亚氨甲基酞菁锌C对肿瘤的光动力学效应研究

目的:研究新型光敏剂磺酸基邻苯二甲酰亚氨甲基酞菁锌C(ZnPcSP-C)对肿瘤的光动力效应(PDT).方法:细胞经药物作用2h,用红光照射后继续培养24h,以台盼蓝排染法测其PDT杀伤作用;荷瘤鼠给药后以红光照射瘤块,1周后测其抑制瘤率.结果:ZnPcSP-C对K_(562)、Be17402 PDT的 CI_(50)分别为1.7,2.8μg/ml;6mg/kg ip对U_(14)荷瘤鼠的抑瘤率为67.2%.结论:ZnPcSP-C对肿瘤有较强的体内外光动力效应.     

巢式逆转录-聚合酶链反应扩增人骨形成蛋白2全长cDNA及其真核表达载体的构建

目的:利用巢式逆转录-聚合酶链反应扩增的方法,从肌肉组织中扩增人骨形成蛋白2全长cDNA并构建真核表达载体系统。方法:实验于2003-10/2005-10在苏州大学基因工程教研室和北京大学第三医院骨科实验室完成。提取成人肌肉组织内的总RNA,设计内外两对引物以巢式逆转录-聚合酶链反应扩增方法分两次扩增出人骨形成蛋白2全长1188bp基因,经T-A克隆装入pUCM-T质粒载体内,测序验证后,将克隆质粒以Hind Ⅲ和Xba Ⅰ双酶切后与pcDNA3.0载体相连接,构建真核表达载体系统。结果:利用巢式逆转录-聚合酶链反应扩增方法能从成人肌肉组织内扩增出1188bp的人骨形成蛋白2全长cDNA基因,其测序结果显示与Genebank报道序列完全相符。将扩增序列双酶切后与pcDNA3.0载体相连接,经电泳验证,能构建人骨形成蛋白2全长基因的真核表达系统。结论:巢式逆转录-聚合酶链反应扩增方法能从成人肌肉组织内扩增出人骨形成蛋白2全长cDNA基因,并克隆构建真核表达载体系统,为下一步基因组织工程人工骨实验奠定基础。     

国际救援医疗队员的健康保护

0 引言近百年重大灾害的研究报道,有10余种常见自然灾害给人类造成了灾难性的损失[1]. 对重大灾害救援的国际化趋势,使医院人员被派往国外执行救援任务的机会增多. 我院自参加中国国际救援队以来,医疗分队多次出国紧急医疗救助行动. 为保证更好地完成任务,避免因疾病减员,我院给医疗队员实行了全程健康保健支持,取得了很好的效果.     

Laboratory integration and utilization of tandem mass spectrometry in neonatal screening: a model for clinical mass spectrometry in the next millennium

Clinical and neonatal screening methods using a tandem mass spectrometer are clearly a model for modern laboratory testing in the new Millennium. By the year 2000, more than 1 million blood and plasma samples will have been tested in laboratories throughout the world for a battery of metabolic disorders using a tandem mass spectrometer as the primary analytical device. A tandem mass spectrometer is considered the ultimate analytical detector in a variety of biochemical and clinical methods because of its very high accuracy, selectivity, precision, versatility and robust nature. The ability to achieve very high and reproducible sample throughput (∼600 samples/ instrument/24 h) has made this technology cost-effective for newborn screening. In order to reliably measure markers of inborn errors of metabolism while maintaining low costs and high efficiency, accuracy and quality, much attention needs to be placed on monitoring and maintenance of all components of the entire testing system. These components include specimen collection and sample preparation methods, analysis by LC tandem mass spectrometry, conversion of raw mass spectra (data) into clinically meaningful results (concentration), expert interpretation of these results so that the clinician can be provided with information to facilitate a diagnose, and follow-up and education so that the maximum benefits of newborn screening translate into prevention of disease symptoms or more effective treatments. Addressing each part of the whole system will produce a quality screening program that will detect a battery of disorders using tandem mass spectrometry with a disease frequency of nearly 1 in 4000 infants.     

A comparative assessment of the acute inhalation toxicity of vanadium compounds

Vanadium compounds have become important in industrial processes, resulting in workplace exposure potential and are present in ambient air as a result of fossil fuel combustion. A series of acute nose-only inhalation toxicity studies was conducted in both rats and mice in order to obtain comparative data on the acute toxicity potential of compounds used commercially. V₂O₃, V₂O₄, and V₂O₅, which have different oxidation states (+3,?+4,?+5, respectively), were delivered as micronized powders; the highly water-soluble and hygroscopic VOSO₄ (+4) could not be micronized and was instead delivered as a liquid aerosol from an aqueous solution. V₂O₅ was the most acutely toxic micronized powder in both species. Despite its lower overall percentage vanadium content, a liquid aerosol of VOSO₄ was more toxic than the V₂O₅ particles in mice, but not in rats. These data suggest that an interaction of characteristics, i.e., bioavailability, solubility and oxidation state, as well as species sensitivity, likely affect the toxicity potential of vanadium compounds. Based on clinical observations and gross necropsy findings, the lung appeared to be the target organ for all compounds. The level of hazard posed will depend on the specific chemical form of the vanadium. Future work to define the inhalation toxicity potential of vanadium compounds of various oxidation states after repeated exposures will be important in understanding how the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of specific vanadium compounds interact to affect toxicity potential and the potential risks posed to human health.