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Background:
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and immunotoxins (ITs) are promising anticancer immunotherapeutics. Despite their encouraging performance in clinical trials, both ADCs and ITs often suffer from disadvantages such as stoichiometrically undefined chemical linkage of the cytotoxic payload (ADCs) and the potential immunogenicity of toxins derived from bacteria and plants (ITs).Methods:
Human microtubule-associated protein tau (MAP) was cloned in-frame with human EGF, expressed in E. coli and purified by standard chromatographic methods. The in vitro activity was confirmed by flow cytometry, cell viability assays and tubulin polymerisation assay. The in vivo efficacy was demonstrated using noninvasive far-red in vivo imaging.Results:
The EGF-MAP selectively induced apoptosis in EGFR-overexpressing proliferating cancer cells through stabilisation of microtubules. Nonproliferating cells were not affected, demonstrating superior selectivity of EGF-MAP for cancer cells. The EGF-MAP was well tolerated at high doses in mice compared with the ETA''-based control. The in vivo efficacy of EGF-MAP was demonstrated in a tumour xenograft mouse model.Conclusion:
Our data indicate the general mechanism of action for a new class of human immunotherapeutic reagents suitable for the treatment of cancer. This approach combines the binding specificity of targeting ligands with the selective cytotoxicity of MAP towards proliferating cells. 相似文献Objective
Most of the patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) experience sudden hearing deterioration, but the exact mechanism is unclear. We analyzed magnetic resonance (MR) images and the cellular components of endolymph obtained from the endolymphatic sac in patients with EVA, in order to demonstrate the cause of sudden hearing loss.Methods
A total of 25 patients (50 ears) with EVA, who had severe to profound hearing loss, were included in this retrospective clinical study. MR examinations were performed by a 3.0-T MR system using an 8-channel sensitivity-encoding head coil. We analyzed endolymphatic fluid harvested from the endolymphatic sac during cochlear implantations in four patients.Results
The area of low signal intensity in the endolymphatic sac was observed on T2-weighted MR images for 15 of 50 ears. This area was observed more frequently in patients who experienced recent sudden hearing loss (10/12, 83%) than those with stable hearing (5/38, 13%)(Fisher's exact test, p < 0.001). In addition, this area showed high signal intensity on fluid attenuated inversion recovery images. Cytologic analysis of the aspirated endolymph from the endolymphatic sac in the patients with this area revealed many erythrocytes.Conclusion
Our data suggests that hemorrhage in the endolymphatic sac could be a cause of sudden hearing deterioration in patients with EVA. 相似文献Methods: Sixty patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy received 50 mg/kg intravenous magnesium sulfate as a bolus dose followed by a continuous infusion of 15 mg [middle dot] kg-1 [middle dot] h-1 for 6 h (magnesium group) or the same volume of isotonic saline (control group). At the end of surgery, serum and CSF magnesium concentration were measured in both groups. The cumulative postoperative analgesic consumption was measured to assess the analgesic effect using a patient-controlled epidural analgesia device. Pain intensities at rest and during forced expiration were evaluated at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively.
Results: At the end of surgery, patients in the magnesium group had significantly greater postoperative serum magnesium concentrations compared with both preoperative and control group values (P < 0.001). Despite significantly higher serum magnesium concentrations in the magnesium group, there was no significant difference in magnesium concentration measured in postoperative CSF. Cumulative postoperative analgesic doses were similar in both groups. However, there was observed an inverse relation between cumulative postoperative analgesic consumption and the CSF magnesium concentration in both groups. Visual analog pain scores at rest and during forced expiration were similar and less than 4 in both groups. 相似文献