Pattern of lymph node metastases and its implication in radiotherapeutic clinical target volume in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a study of 2062 cases

Objective:

To study the pattern of lymph node metastasis (LNM) of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to clarify which node level should be included while undergoing radiotherapy (RT).

Methods:

A total of 2062 patients with NSCLC patients who had undergone thoracotomy were retrospectively examined. The clinicopathological factors related to LNM were analysed.

Results:

The LNM rates (the number of node-positive patients/the total number of patients) in patients with primary tumours in different lobes (left upper lobe, left lower lobe, right upper lobe, right middle lobe and right lower lobe) were 53.25%, 53.87%, 53.77%, 64.67% and 61.58%, respectively. We have found that in all of the clinicopathological factors, including sex, age, tumour location, histological type, maximum diameter, T stage, degree of differentiation and tumour growth pattern, only maximum diameter (p = 0.336) and histological type (p = 0.360) did not have significant correlation with LNM rate. All of the above factors except tumour growth pattern (p = 0.239) and maximum diameter (p = 0.613) were significantly associated with lymph node ratio [LNR, ratio between metastatic and examined lymph nodes (LNs)] in linear regression.

Conclusion:

For patients with NSCLC, LNM rate and LNR can be recommended as applicable parameters for LN involvement. Multiple clinicopathological factors should be considered comprehensively to design the clinical target volume for RT of NSCLC.

Advances in knowledge:

This article can provide evidence to radio-oncologists how to choose range of lymph nodal clinical target volume when they are treating inoperable patients with NSCLC patients by analysing data of patients after surgery.     

家庭参与式绘画治疗对心境障碍青少年的影响研究

目的 探索家庭参与式绘画治疗对心境障碍青少年情绪调节及亲子关系的干预效果。方法将70例心境障碍青少年按照病区分为对照组和观察组各35例,对照组进行常规治疗护理,观察组另予家庭参与式绘画治疗干预,共8次。比较两组干预前和干预后的情绪调节与亲子关系。结果观察组干预后情绪调节量表重新评价维度得分,青少年心理韧性量表的情绪控制、积极认知和家庭支持维度得分,父母依恋量表信任、沟通维度和总分显著高于对照组,情绪调节量表表达抑制维度得分显著低于对照组（均P<0.05）。结论家庭参与式的绘画治疗可改善心境障碍青少年的情绪调节能力,增进亲子依恋度,改善家庭关系。     

短肠综合征患者家庭肠外营养体验的质性研究

目的 了解短肠综合征患者行家庭肠外营养的真实体验,为临床制订有效的护理干预方案提供依据。 方法 目的抽样法选取12例短肠综合征行家庭肠外营养患者,对其进行半结构式访谈,并用Colaizzi 7步法分析资料。 结果 提炼出3个主题：家庭肠外营养的积极体验（改善营养状况、获得家庭归属感、自我管理意识及能力增强）;家庭肠外营养的消极体验（睡眠障碍、活动受到限制、伴随和/或潜在的并发症、负性心理情绪）;家庭肠外营养患者的需求（对专业医护人员培训及指导的需求、对医疗资源及政策支持的需求）。 结论 医护人员应重视患者的负性体验,通过有效干预方法解决患者在家庭肠外营养支持过程中出现的问题,以保障家庭肠外营养支持顺利安全实施。     

癌症患者照顾者健康素养的研究进展

对癌症患者照顾者健康素养的概念模型、评估工具、影响因素及干预进行阐述,为开展癌症患者照顾者健康素养相关研究,探索有效干预措施提供参考。     

脊髓损伤患者对居家康复环境因素体验的质性研究

目的 了解脊髓损伤患者对居家康复环境因素的真实体验,为构建针对性干预策略提供参考。方法 基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》核心组合的环境因素条目,采用现象学研究方法,选择12例脊髓损伤居家康复患者进行半结构式深入访谈,运用Colaizzi 7步分析法归纳并提炼主题。结果 提炼出2个主题：环境促进因素体验(支持氛围良好、护理服务模式温馨)和环境障碍因素体验(居家环境适应困难、缺少适宜的辅助器具、夫妻关系紧张、重新融入社会困难、社会服务可及性有限)。结论 脊髓损伤患者居家康复环境障碍因素居多,应重视患者居家康复环境因素评估,完善居家康复环境管理体系,借助人工智能实现居家康复管理,以推动患者康复进程,改善临床结局。     

虚拟现实技术缓解儿科重症监护室患儿分离性焦虑的效果研究

目的 探讨缓解儿科重症监护室患儿分离性焦虑的有效方法。方法 将入住儿科重症监护室的100例患儿随机分为对照组和观察组各50例。对照组在常规心理干预的基础上应用iPad分散注意力,观察组在常规心理干预基础上应用虚拟现实技术干预。比较两组干预前后各时间段的分离性焦虑评分、心率和血压变化。结果 观察组各时间段分离性焦虑评分显著低于对照组,干预后心率显著低于对照组(均P<0.05),两组干预前后血压比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 虚拟现实技术可使儿科重症监护室患儿快速达到身心放松状态,缓解分离性焦虑,安全性好。     

两种镇痛方式改善静脉输液港无损伤针穿刺疼痛的效果比较

目的 观察Valsalva呼吸、复方利多卡因乳膏减轻输液港无损伤针穿刺疼痛感的效果。方法 采用便利抽样法选取148例接受抗肿瘤药物治疗患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组、利多卡因组和Valsalva组,分别在无损伤针穿刺前1 h涂抹医用凡士林(安慰剂)、复方利多卡因乳膏和穿刺时采用Valsalva呼吸。观察患者穿刺疼痛程度。结果 利多卡因组疼痛评分显著低于Valsalva组和对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 涂抹复方利多卡因乳膏可缓解输液港无损伤针穿刺疼痛,提升患者舒适度。     

手术室器械全流程可追溯信息化管理实践

目的 探讨全流程可追溯信息系统在手术室器械管理中应用及效果。方法 选择2021年10-12月7 715个手术器械包作为对照组,采用常规手术器械管理方法;2023年4-6月8 417个手术器械包作为观察组,将手术麻醉临床信息系统与消毒供应中心追溯系统对接,通过控制入库、领用、术前清点、使用记录、术后归位5个关键环节,实现手术室器械全流程可追溯信息化管理。结果观察组手术器械交接缺陷率为0.90%,显著低于对照组的2.10%(P<0.05);全流程可追溯信息化管理后,手术医生对手术器械准备、器械性能、器械传递、器械清点和手术配合的满意度显著高于信息化管理前(均P<0.05)。结论 全流程可追溯信息化管理手术室器械,有利于降低术后器械交接缺陷率,提升手术医生对手术器械管理满意度。     

Extensor retinaculum of the wrist: gross anatomical correlation with MR imaging after ultrasound-guided tenography with emphasis on anatomical features in wrist dorsiflexion responsible for tendon impingement

Objective

To demonstrate the anatomy of the extensor retinaculum (ER) of the wrist using gross anatomical correlation with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging before and after ultrasound-guided tenography in four different positions, emphasizing the morphological appearance of the ER that occurs with dorsiflexion of the wrist to define the nature of extensor tendon impingement in athletes who perform repetitive wrist dorsiflexion.

Materials and methods

Institutional policies were followed regarding cadaver use. Ten upper extremities were harvested from fresh cadavers. MR imaging before and after ultrasound-guided tenography of the wrist was performed, followed by gross anatomical correlation. Two radiologists interpreted the MR images and sections by consensus for the anatomical landmarks of the ER, and morphological changes occurring during dorsiflexion of the wrist were analyzed and measured.

Results

The ER of the wrist appeared as a band of low signal intensity on T1- and PD-weighted images. Because of its orientation, axial images were best suited to depict the ER anatomy; specifically, localization of the bony landmarks and the septal attachments. On sagittal images, a consistent appearance of the ER was seen: appearing with fusiform morphology in the neutral position, and becoming shortened and thickened at the abutment point where the extensor tendons of the fourth compartment had a curved excursion during dorsiflexion. The width and thickness of the ER in neutral position averaged 13.56 mm and 1.67 mm respectively. In wrist dorsiflexion, the average width and thickness changed to 8.68 mm and 2.15 mm respectively.

Conclusion

Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful technique to demonstrate the ER of the wrist, the septal attachments, and morphological changes that occur during dorsiflexion of the wrist, which potentially can lead to impingement of the extensor tendons.     

十二指肠血管压迹的影像学观察

目的探讨胃肠钡餐造影检查中十二指肠横部血管压迹的来源.材料和方法对比研究50例钡餐造影所见的十二指肠横部血管压迹与相应CT层面上十二指肠横部、腹主动脉、肠系膜上动、静脉及下腔静脉之间的关系;3例血管造影与钡餐造影联合检查,证实该压迹的来源.结果所有病例十二指肠横部血管压迹均与腹主动脉相吻合;肠系膜上动脉等血管与该压迹的位置及宽度不符;下腔静脉偶可导致另一压迹.结论十二指肠横部血管压迹,为腹主动脉压迫所致,称其为"十二指肠腹主动脉压迹”较为准确.