Selection of Streptococcus pneumoniae Mutants Having Reduced Susceptibility to Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin

With Streptococcus pneumoniae, moxifloxacin was 4- and 10-fold more effective than levofloxacin at restricting selection of resistant mutants and at killing resistant mutants, respectively. The selection frequency for first-step topoisomerase mutants was 1,000 times lower for moxifloxacin than for levofloxacin; this difference was lost when second-step mutants were selected.     

十二指肠乳头括约肌切开胆总管取石术前静注咪唑安定对麻醉及手术效果的影响

目的　探讨在十二指肠乳头括约肌切开 (EST)胆总管取石术前静注咪唑安定的可行性及价值。方法　将 71例拟行 EST胆总管取石患者随机分为咪唑安定组 (试验组 ) 5 1例和对照组 (2 0例 ) ,两组术前均给予 6 5 4 -2 (10 mg)静脉注射 ,试验组同时静脉注射咪唑安定 (3～ 5 mg)。观察两组患者的进镜时间、麻醉程度 ,患者的反应与配合程度、自身感受程度 ,同时监测患者的血压、心率、血氧饱和度。结果　试验组进镜时间缩短、镇静程度适中、患者自身感受好 ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ;患者心血管及呼吸参数无明显变化。结论　EST胆总管取石术前静脉注射咪唑安定可提高麻醉效果 ,有利于提高患者配合的依从性 ,对血压、心率、血氧饱和度无明显影响     

In vitro differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stromal cells into neuron-like cells in hippocampal astrocyte conditioned medium

BACKGROUND: At present, researches on differentiating from human adipose-derived adult stromal cells (hADASC) to neuron-like cells are focus on inducing by artificial-synthetic compound solution; however, hippocampal astrocyte conditioned medium (HCAM) can induce in vitro differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe whether HCAM can induce in vitro differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells. DESIGN: Randomized control study. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Taixing People's Hospital; Central Laboratory, North China Coal Medical College. MATERIALS: Donor of adipose tissue was donated by female volunteers suffering from caesarean section in the department of obstetrics & gynecology in our hospital and aged 20－35 years. Adipose tissue was collected from subcutaneous tissue of abdomen during the operation. In addition, 8 male newborn Wistar rats within 24 hours with average body mass of 20 g were provided by Animal Institute of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Rabbit-anti-human Nestin polyclonal antibody, rabbit-anti-human glial fibriliary acidic protein (GFAP) polyclonal antibody, rabbit-anti-human neuro-specific enolase polyclonal antibody and mouse-anti-human microtubal associated protein 2 (MAP-2) polyclonal antibody were provided by Wuhan Boster Company. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory of North China Coal Medical College from October 2004 to June 2005. hADASC was cultured with HCAM and its growth and morphological changes were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. Immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to evaluate the expressions of Nestin, which was a specific sign of nerve precursor, neuro-specific enolase and MAP-2, which was a specific sign of nerve cell, and GFAP, which was a specific sign of neuroglial cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nestin, which was a specific sign of nerve precursor, neuro-specific enolase and MAP-2, which was a specific sign of nerve cell, and GFAP, which was a specific sign of neuroglial cells. RESULTS: On the 3rd day of culture, partial hADASC started deformation from slender shuttle-shape cells to neuron-like cells. It suggested that cells stretched out apophysis, which were mainly double-pole or multiple-pole cells. Five days later, immunohistochemical detection suggested that expression of Nestin (10.5±0.037) was found out in cells; meanwhile, expressions of GFAP (38.4±0.052) and neuro-specific enolase (NSE) (15.7±0.023) were also found out in cells; however, expression of MAP-2 was not observed. Western blot indicated that, 5 days after effect of HCAM, Nestin was found out in hADASC; meanwhile, expressions of GFAP and neuro-specific enolase were also found out; however, expression of MAP-2 was not observed. CONCLUSION: HCAM can induce the differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells in vitro.     

皮肤交界性平滑肌瘤的复发与恶性转化

目的探讨皮肤交界性平滑肌瘤的复发与恶性转化。方法复习2例皮肤交界性平滑肌瘤及其复发恶性转化的临床病理特征、免疫组化表型及相关文献。结果2例病变位于下肢和额部，肉瘤组织平滑肌标记阳性。结论少数病理诊断为皮肤平滑肌瘤的病例，虽然浅表且组织形态良性，但其生物学恶性潜能尚不能确定，部分病例复发后可转变为典型的平滑肌肉瘤。     

心理支持疗法对机械通气患者应激反应的影响

目的 观察心理支持疗法(PST)对ICU患者机械通气应激反应的影响。方法 将34例连续机械通气时间在20h的清醒患者，随机分为采用标准的PST方法进行治疗的观察组和对照组，观察焦虑抑郁程度和应激反应改变情况。结果 对照组患者的焦虑抑郁程度明显高于观察组，部分应激反应激素水平升高幅度也明显大于观察组。结论 PST可通过缓解机械通气患者的焦虑抑郁等不良情绪状态减轻机械通气带来的各种心身应激反应，有利于提高机械通气治疗的有效性和安全性。     

Genome-wide scan identified QTLs underlying femoral neck cross-sectional geometry that are novel studied risk factors of osteoporosis.

A genome-wide screen was conducted using a large white sample to identify QTLs for FNCS geometry. We found significant linkage of FNCS parameters to 20q12 and Xq25, plus significant epistatic interactions and sex-specific QTLs influencing FNCS geometry variation. INTRODUCTION: Bone geometry, a highly heritable trait, is a critical component of bone strength that significantly determines osteoporotic fracture risk. Specifically, femoral neck cross-sectional (FNCS) geometry is significantly associated with hip fracture risk as well as genetic factors. However, genetic research in this respect is still in its infancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify the underlying genomic regions influencing FNCS variables, we performed a remarkably large-scale whole genome linkage scan involving 3998 individuals from 434 pedigrees for four FNCS geometry parameters, namely buckling ratio (BR), cross-sectional area (CSA), cortical thickness (CT), and section modulus (Z). The major statistical approach adopted is the variance component method implemented in SOLAR. RESULTS: Significant linkage evidence (threshold LOD = 3.72 after correction for tests of multiple phenotypes) was found in the regions of 20q12 and Xq25 for CT (LOD = 4.28 and 3.90, respectively). We also identified eight suggestive linkage signals (threshold LOD = 2.31 after correction for multiple tests) for the respective geometry traits. The above findings were supported by principal component linkage analysis. Of them, 20q12 was of particular interest because it was linked to multiple FNCS geometry traits and significantly interacted with five other genomic loci to influence CSA variation. The effects of 20q12 on FNCS geometry were present in both male and female subgroups. Subgroup analysis also revealed the presence of sex-specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FNCS traits in the regions such as 2p14, 3q26, 7q21 and 15q21. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings laid a foundation for further replication and fine-mapping studies as well as for positional and functional candidate gene studies, aiming at eventually finding the causal genetic variants and hidden mechanisms concerning FNCS geometry variation and the associated hip fractures.     

功能性消化不良的突出症状与临床特征及病理生理学机制的关系

背景与目的：功能性消化不良（FD）被认为是一类由不同病理生理原因导致的多种机能紊乱而促发的症状。Rome Ⅱ委员会建议将具有同种病理生理学及临床特征的FD患划分为感觉明显疼痛组和感觉不适组两个亚组。该研究旨在分析显疼痛或感觉不适与病理生理学机制间的关系，评价是否考虑到个体的显性症状将会产生更好的结果。方法：持续性FD患（n=720；489例女性；年龄41．3±0．6岁）填写消化不良调查问卷并确定出最令人烦恼的症状。分析此显症状在人口统计学、临床、病理生理学特点上的相互联系（研究592例患幽门螺杆菌感染、胃排空情况，对332例患行胃敏感性、顺应性试验）。结果：根据Rome Ⅱ标准，22％疼痛明显，78％不适感明显。疼痛明显的患超敏性的发生率较高（44％ vs 25％），且在这些病例中观察到的胃排空迟缓较少出现（16％ vs 26％），但是有较多的重叠。详细分析表明可能有8种消化不良症状其中之一较为突出。     

不经胸食管钝性剥离拔脱术的临床应用

应用不经胸食管钝性剥离拔脱术治疗26例咽下癌与高位食管癌,效果良好,术后5例发生开发症,其中颈部吻合口痿3例,暂时性咳呛1例,腹部切口局限裂开1例。手术死亡率7.6%(2/26)。介绍了手术方法,对不经胸施术、胃体缝缩、颈部食管胃Gambee氏吻合法应用进行了讨论。     

痧病的诊治体会

痧病在中医院校的教科书上并无专门的论述,而在春夏之季的农村则尤为常见。痧病有其临床表现特征,在治疗上也有许多简、便、验、廉且易行的方法。笔者在农村从事医疗工作多年,深感有必要对此加以研究或整理,使人们有一正确的认识。兹就痧病的诊疗谈谈个人的一点体会。1典型病例案1:刘某,男,24岁,学生,1997年7月25日初诊。因身重、肢体酸痛、胸闷1周而求诊。1周前因劳动时淋“毛毛雨”,感觉乏力,身重,全身肌肉酸痛,胸闷,饮食不振,纳谷乏味,微恶风寒,头胀痛,头重,颈项不适,大小便正常。前医诊为“风寒湿型感冒”,应用西药速效伤风胶囊及中药荆…