三氧化二砷诱导肺癌细胞凋亡及对细胞周期的影响

目的 :探讨三氧化二砷 (As2 O3 )对人肺癌细胞株 (Spc- A1)诱导凋亡的机制 ,为抗肿瘤药物的筛选和用药方式提供理论依据。方法 :体外培养 Spc- A1细胞株与不同浓度的 As2 O3 进行作用 ,应用 MTT比色法、流式细胞仪技术、电子显微镜技术观察细胞增殖率、细胞周期率、细胞凋亡率及亚细胞水平变化。结果 :As2 O3 能够抑制 Spc- A1细胞的增殖 ,且呈时间剂量依赖性 ,Spc- A1细胞凋亡率与药物浓度和时间呈依赖关系。电镜观察细胞线粒体肿胀、空泡 ,染色质浓缩、核碎裂。结论 :As2 O3 可诱导 Spc- A1细胞凋亡 ,细胞周期延长 ,线粒体变性。     

酸性神经肽1对小鼠脑谷氨酸和GABA含量的影响

目的 :探讨酸性神经肽 1(bovineacidicneuropeptide 1,BANP 1)对小鼠脑内谷氨酸 (glutamicacid ,Glu)和GABA含量的影响。方法 :将小鼠随机分为 6组 (每组 15只 ) ,其中 5组按 15mg/kg腹腔注射BANP 1,分别在注射后0 .5h ,1h ,2h ,3h ,4h处死小鼠并取脑匀浆 ;另一组注射生理盐水作对照 ,注射后 1h处死并取脑匀浆 ,用体积分数75 %冰乙醇抽提氨基酸类物质并沉淀蛋白质。应用纸电泳法测定Glu和GABA。结果 :腹腔注射BANP 1后 ,与对照组比较 ,Glu含量在注射后 1h ,2h时明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,0 .5h ,3h ,4h时差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;GABA含量在 2h ,3h时显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,0 .5h ,1h ,4h时差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :BANP 1急性用药后在一定时间内可升高脑内Glu、GABA水平     

4种姜黄属药材挥发油中莪术醇含量比较

目的 建立准确测定姜黄属4种中药材挥发油中莪术醇含量。方法 以高效毛细管柱序升温气相色谱法测定莪术醇的含量。结果 本法能准确测定莪术醇的含量,回收率为101．4％,RSD为0．4％,还测定了4种姜黄属药物（温郁金、姜黄,桂莪术,蓬莪术）中莪术醇的含量,发现4种药材中莪中醇的含量差异显著。结论 为姜黄属药材质量的分析控制提供可行的含量测定方法。     

大鼠原生殖细胞的形态学及分化特性

目的 研究大鼠胚胎原生殖细胞（Primordial germ cells, PGCs）的形态及其分化特性。方法 取受精后10.5 d的大鼠胚胎作HE染色,取受精后11.0~12.5 d的大鼠胚胎生殖嵴进行PGCs原代培养,光、电镜观察PGCs及其分化细胞的微细结构,碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 染色检测细胞的分化程度。结果 大鼠PGCs位于卵黄囊内胚层深部的间充质内,体积大,呈椭圆形或不规则形;核大,染色质细密,含1~2个核仁。体外培养可见PGCs大而圆,散在分布,或聚集成团,胞质中含有椭圆形的线粒体和丰富的核糖体,ALP反应呈阳性;培养4~5 d,PGCs形态不规则,有伪足,ALP反应减弱,进一步分化可形成神经元样细胞、表皮细胞、心肌细胞、分泌细胞以及类似血管、心脏的管腔样结构等。由PGCs分化来的细胞ALP反应均呈阴性。结论 大鼠生殖嵴来源的PGCs是一种具有发育全能的、可分化形成3个胚层衍生物的胚胎多能干细胞。     

The changing face of reoperative parathyroidectomy: a single-centre comparison of 147 parathyroid reoperations

IntroductionReoperative parathyroidectomy for persistent and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism is dependent on radiology. This study aimed to compare outcomes in reoperative parathyroidectomy at a single centre using a combination of traditional and newer imaging studies.Materials and methodsRetrospective case note review of all reoperative parathyroidectomies for persistent and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism over five years (June 2014 to June 2019; group A). Imaging modalities used and their positive predictive value, complications and cure rates were compared with a published dataset spanning the preceding nine years (group B).ResultsFrom over 2000 parathyroidectomies, 147 were reoperations (101 in group A and 46 in group B). Age and sex ratios were similar (56 vs 62 years; 77% vs 72% female). Ultrasound use remains high and shows better positive predictive value (76% vs 57 %). 99mTc-sestamibi use has declined (79% vs 91%) but the positive predictive value has improved (74% vs 53%). 4DCT use has almost doubled (61% vs 37%) with better positive predictive value (88% vs 75%). 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography-computed tomography and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid hormone are novel modalities only available for group A. Both carried a positive predictive value of 100%. Venous sampling with or without angiography use has decreased (35% vs 39%) but maintains a high positive predictive value (86% vs 91%). Cure rates were similar (96% vs 100%). Group A had 5% permanent hypoparathyroidism, 1% permanent vocal cord palsy and 1% haematoma requiring reoperation. No complications for group B.ConclusionOptimal imaging is key to good cure rates in reoperative parathyroidectomy. High-quality, non-interventional imaging techniques have produced a shift in the preoperative algorithm without compromising outcomes.     

The Accuracy of Incident Vertebral Fracture Detection in Children Using Targeted Case-Finding Approaches

Vertebral fractures are clinically important sequelae of a wide array of pediatric diseases. In this study, we examined the accuracy of case-finding strategies for detecting incident vertebral fractures (IVF) over 2 years in glucocorticoid-treated children (n = 343) with leukemia, rheumatic disorders, or nephrotic syndrome. Two clinical situations were addressed: the prevalent vertebral fracture (PVF) scenario (when baseline PVF status was known), which assessed the utility of PVF and low lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD; Z-score <−1.4), and the non-PVF scenario (when PVF status was unknown), which evaluated low LS BMD and back pain. LS BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, vertebral fractures were quantified on spine radiographs using the modified Genant semiquantitative method, and back pain was assessed by patient report. Forty-four patients (12.8%) had IVF. In the PVF scenario, both low LS BMD and PVF were significant predictors of IVF. Using PVF to determine which patients should have radiographs, 11% would undergo radiography (95% confidence interval [CI] 8–15) with 46% of IVF (95% CI 30–61) detected. Sensitivity would be higher with a strategy of PVF or low LS BMD at baseline (73%; 95% CI 57–85) but would require radiographs in 37% of children (95% CI 32–42). In the non-PVF scenario, the strategy of low LS BMD and back pain produced the highest specificity of any non-PVF model at 87% (95% CI 83–91), the greatest overall accuracy at 82% (95% CI 78–86), and the lowest radiography rate at 17% (95% CI 14–22). Low LS BMD or back pain in the non-PVF scenario produced the highest sensitivity at 82% (95% CI 67–92), but required radiographs in 65% (95% CI 60–70). These results provide guidance for targeting spine radiography in children at risk for IVF. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).     

MAKO机器人辅助单髁置换手术的护理配合

机器人技术在微创领域的作用越来越突出,而高质量护理工作的配合可以保障机器人手术的安全、有效进行,且有利于患者术后稳定情绪和更好的恢复.为提升护理工作者对MAKO机器人辅助单髁置换手术的全面认识,优化护理工作的模式和流程,提高手术效率并改善患者术后恢复效果,本文在现有的相关文献资料基础上,结合北京大学人民医院11例行机器人单髁置换手术的实际工作体会,用理论联系实际,对术中的护理配合工作进行系统地分析.本团队认为,在机器人辅助单髁置换手术中,护理工作应在传统经验积累的基础上,进一步提高护理配合熟练程度.随着科技的进步,MAKO机器人辅助单髁置换手术的医护模式也将进一步的智能化和数字化.     

Loneliness in adolescence: a Rasch analysis of the Perth A-loneness scale

Quality of Life Research - The psychometric properties of the Perth A-loneness Scale (PALs) have been extensively validated using classical test theory, but to date no studies have applied a Rasch...     

肝衰竭肝细胞移植治疗时的"种子细胞"

目前,对肝衰竭治疗主要依赖于原位肝移植,但这一治疗手段因存在多方面的困难而难以广泛开展。肝细胞移植的出现以其独特的优点将成为原位肝移植的辅助治疗甚至会替代原位肝移植。但是,肝细胞移植时最佳细胞来源的选择又成为我们面临的一个紧迫的课题,现用于研究的细胞来源多为骨髓干细胞(包括间充质干细胞和造血干细胞)、脐血干细胞及胚胎干细胞等,且在实验研究方面都取得了不同程度的研究进展。通过对这几种细胞分化为肝细胞的实验研究进展作综述,为肝细胞移植时“种子细胞”的选择打下理论基础。     

功能性消化不良患者胃排空功能与症状分型的关系

目的　通过 99m Tc植酸钠固体餐检测胃排空 ,了解功能性消化不良 (functional dyspepsia,FD)患者各临床亚型胃运动的情况 .方法　 99m Tc植酸钠标记固体餐 ,对 30例 FD患者 (其中溃疡样型 10例 ,动力障碍型 10例 ,非特异型 10例 )及 10名健康对照者进行了核素检测分析 .结果　运动障碍样型及非特异型 FD患者胃半排空时间延迟 (87± 2 8min,89± 2 6 min vs6 1± 9min,P<0 .0 5 ) ,2 h胃排空率明显减少(6 3.0± 11.5 % ,5 7.7± 15 .5 % vs87.0± 10 .3% ,P<0 .0 1) ,而溃疡样型 FD与正常人比无差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) .结论　胃排空延迟在运动障碍样型及非特异型 FD病因中占重要地位 ,FD三个临床亚型之间发病机制既相同又略有不同 ;FD患者中有症状与胃排空之间存在不一致现象 ,所以核素胃排空检查在 FD胃运动功能的判定及指导治疗上有重要意义 .