双气囊小肠镜诊断不明原因消化道出血的临床研究

背景:双气囊小肠镜(DBE)是诊断不明原因消化道出血(OGIB)的常用方法,不同地区OGIB病因有所差异。目的:评价DBE诊断OGIB的有效性和安全性,分析湖北地区OGIB患者的病因特点。方法:收集2006年12月～2012年1月武汉大学人民医院诊断为OGIB的216例患者,并接受DBE检查,对诊断结果、治疗、随访、并发症等进行回顾性分析。结果:DBE的诊断率为80.6%(174/216),并发症发生率为1.9%(4/216),DBE对76.8%(166/216)患者的治疗策略产生影响。湖北地区常见的OGIB病因依次为憩室/重复畸形(23.1%)、肿瘤(21.8%)、溃疡/糜烂(21.8%)、息肉(5.6%)等。结论:DBE是一种安全、有效的OGIB诊断方法。湖北地区OGIB病因以憩室/重复畸形、肿瘤、溃疡/糜烂较为常见。     

卡培他滨单药与联合参芪扶正注射液治疗中晚期胃癌临床疗效的比较研究

目的探讨卡培他滨单药与联合参芪扶正注射液治疗中晚期胃癌的疗效。方法 2014年7月至2015年7月以上海中医药大学附属龙华医院普外科组织病理学确诊初治晚期胃癌患者52例为研究对象,随机序贯法分为卡培他滨联合参芪扶正注射液治疗组(卡培他滨联合组)和卡培他滨单用组(卡培他滨组),4个疗程后比较近期疗效、不良反应率及生活质量改善差异。结果卡培他滨联合组疗效方面与卡培他滨组,有差异但无统计学意义(P0.05)。卡培他滨组不良反应率较高,与卡培他滨联合组比较,在减轻胃肠道反应和神经毒性方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05);改善生活质量方面,卡培他滨联合组优于卡培他滨组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论卡培他滨联合参芪扶正注射液治疗晚期胃癌能显著增加疗效,具有临床应用价值。     

遗传性非息肉性结直肠癌患者腺瘤和癌组织微卫星基因型分析

背景：遗传性非息肉性结直肠癌（HNPCC）是一种由错配修复基因种系突变引起的常染色体显性遗传病，高度微卫星不稳定（MSI—H）为其分子生物学特征之一。目的：利用5个微卫星位点建立正常结直肠黏膜、结直肠腺瘤和癌组织的微卫星基因型，探讨HNPCC的MSI发生情况和MSI检测的临床意义。方法：纳入源自33个HNPCC家系的腺瘤28例和腺癌14例，其中4例为同步腺瘤-癌；以32例散发性结直肠腺瘤和24例散发性结直肠癌作为对照。选用BAT25、BAT26、D2S123、D5S346、D17S250五个微卫星位点行荧光标记聚合酶链反应（PCR），以GeneMapper软件分析PCR产物。通过与正常黏膜微卫星序列PCR片段长度进行比较，判定腺瘤和癌组织的MSI情况。结果：HNPCC腺瘤和癌组织MSI-H发生率分别显著高于散发性结直肠腺瘤和结直肠癌（64-3％对3．1％，71.4％对12．5％，P〈0．05）。4例同步腺瘤-癌均表现为MSI—H．其腺瘤和癌组织的MSI类型不同。结论：HNPCC腺瘤和癌组织MSI—H发生率高。同步腺瘤一癌来源于不同克隆。MSI检测可作为HNPCC的临床初筛方法。     

P53-MDM2界面的肽类及拟肽类抑制剂的研究进展

当前,肿瘤疾病以日益增高的发病率越来越受到人们的重视。抑制P53-MDM2的相互作用已经成为治疗癌症药物设计的重要靶标,通过各种药物筛选手段,研究人员发现了许多肽类及小分子抑制剂。综述近年来国内外关于肽类及拟肽类的P53-MDM2抑制剂的研究进展。     

HPLC测定甲磺酸加雷沙星异构体

目的 建立甲磺酸加雷沙星异构体的HPLC检测方法。方法 Chiralpak AD-H色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),柱温：35 ℃,检测波长：278 nm,流速：1.0 mL·min^-1,流动相：正己烷-异丙醇-甲醇-甲磺酸(70∶29∶1∶0.1)。结果 甲雷沙星及其异构体在0.005~0.151 μg·mL^-1内具有良好的线性(r>0.999),定量限浓度为5 ng·mL^-1(相当于0.03%),最低检测限为2.5 ng·mL^-1(相当于0.015%)。结论 该方法简便、准确,具有良好的重现性和专属性。     

中心静脉导管治疗气胸的临床分析

目的 探讨使用中心静脉导管胸腔穿刺置管引流治疗气胸的临床效果.方法 选择2010年9月～2014年6月收治的53例闭合性气胸患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组28例,行中心静脉导管胸腔穿刺置管闭式引流术,对照组25例行常规粗硅胶管胸腔闭式引流术;比较分析两种方法治疗气胸的疗效及并发症的发生情况.结果 实验组治疗总有效率为96％,治疗效果相近于对照组治疗总有效率97％,2组对比无统计学差异(x2=0.114,P=0.736).结论 应用中心静脉导管胸腔穿刺置管引流治疗气胸,具有操作简便、安全,创伤小,并发症少等优点,值得临床广泛应用.     

老年肿瘤患者PICC导管相关性感染危险因素及病原菌分析

目的分析老年肿瘤化疗患者PICC导管相关性感染的感染病原菌分布及其危险因素,为临床工作中有效防治导管相关性感染提供参考。方法收集2013年1月至2014年12月行PICC置管的老年肿瘤化疗患者246例,分析PICC导管相关性感染的病原菌分布,对PICC导管相关性感染的危险因素进行分析。结果 246例老年肿瘤化疗患者中发生PICC导管相关性感染为28例,发生率为11.4%。病原菌分布为革兰阳性菌(55.9%),革兰阴性菌(26.5%)和真菌(17.6%)。单次穿刺次数、PICC留置时间、输液类型、使用激素、白细胞计数、糖尿病史及静脉炎史是导管相关性感染发生率的影响因素(P0.05,P0.01)。结论老年肿瘤化疗患者是导管相关性感染的高发人群。应采取PICC置管前充分评估,严格执行PICC置管无菌操作,规范PICC日常维护,加强患者免疫机能等措施,减少老年肿瘤化疗患者PICC导管相关性感染的发生。     

Association between tumor necrosis factor-α gene polymorphisms and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Chinese Han population: evidence from two center case-control study and a meta-analysis

Objectives: The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene, which plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis, is reported to be an independent marker for cancer. This study aims to examine the association between the TNF-α G308A polymorphism and DLBCL risk based on the two center case-control studies and meta-analysis. Methods: In the current study, we performed a two centers case-control study to investigate the effect of the TNF-α G308A polymorphism on DLBCL risk in Chinese Han population. A meta-analysis including 10 published datasets along with current dataset, including 111 comparisons containing 34,041 cases and 42,730 controls were enrolled, was next performed to further confirm the association after literature search was conducted and relevant studies were identified from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Results: The TNF-α -308A allele was associated with a significantly increased DLBCL risk in the two independent patient case-control studies and additionally for pooled analysis from the two sets (P<0.05 for both). The result of meta-analysis further demonstrated that the A allele of -308A was significantly correlated with DLBCL risk under the allelic model (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.27-1.44) without heterogeneity by fixed-effects model analysis (Q=17.30, P=0.139). Moreover, sensitivity analysis supported the robustness of this meta-analysis. Conclusion: This study suggested that -308A polymorphism may be associated with the susceptibility of DLBCL in a Chinese population. The further meta-analysis provides additional evidence supporting the above result that the risk allele of the -308A polymorphism may increase DLBCL risk.     

百里醌抑制人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞体外运动和侵袭的研究

背景:胰腺癌是恶性程度最高的消化道肿瘤,目前吉西他滨依赖的化疗对抑制胰腺癌转移的治疗效果欠佳。研究发现百里醌对多种肿瘤细胞具有抑制增殖、促进凋亡的作用。目的:探讨百里醌对人胰腺癌BxP C-3细胞体外运动和侵袭的影响及其作用机制。方法:常规培养人胰腺癌细胞株BxP C-3,加入不同浓度百里醌进行处理。采用Boyden小室法检测细胞体外运动、侵袭情况;蛋白质印迹法检测细胞FAK、Akt蛋白表达和Akt磷酸化水平的改变;免疫荧光技术检测细胞内FAK表达、细胞黏着斑和F-actin的变化。结果:10、25μmol/L百里醌对BxP C-3细胞体外运动的抑制率分别为43.4%、73.8%,对体外侵袭的抑制率分别为60.5%、75.6%,百里醌呈浓度依赖性地抑制胰腺癌BxP C-3细胞的体外运动、侵袭(P0.05)。百里醌能明显下调BxP C-3细胞FAK表达,并抑制细胞磷酸化Akt的激活。百里醌可诱导FAK弥散分布于胞质,明显抑制黏着斑形成和F-actin的聚合集化。结论:百里醌通过抑制FAK/PI3K/Akt通路的信号转导和激酶活性,浓度依赖性地抑制人胰腺癌BxP C-3细胞的体外运动和侵袭。     

Assessment of 5‐fluorouracil and 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide in vivo genotoxicity with Pig‐a mutation and micronucleus endpoints

Genotoxicity assessments were conducted on male Sprague Dawley rats treated with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and 4‐nitroquinoline‐1–oxide (4NQO) as part of an international validation trial of the Pig‐a mutant phenotype assay. Rats were orally exposed to 0, 11.5, 23, or 46 mg/kg/day 5‐FU for three consecutive days (Days 1–3); blood was sampled on Days ?1, 4, 15, 29, and 45. Pig‐a mutant phenotype reticulocyte (RET^CD59?) and mutant phenotype erythrocyte (RBC^CD59?) frequencies were determined on Days ?1, 15, 29, and 45, and percent micronucleated reticulocytes (%MN‐RET) were measured on Day 4. Rats were treated with 4NQO for 28 consecutive days by oral gavage, at doses of 1.5, 3, or 6 mg/kg/day. RBC^CD59? and RET^CD59? frequencies were determined on Days ?1, 15, and 29, and MN‐RET were quantified on Day 29. Whereas 5‐FU was found to increase %MN‐RET, no significant increases were observed for RBC^CD59? or RET^CD59? at any of the time points studied. The high dose of 4NQO (6 mg/kg/day) was observed to markedly increase RBC^CD59? and RET^CD59? frequencies, and this same dose level caused a weak but significantly elevated increase in MN‐RET (approximately twofold). Collectively, the results provide additional support for the combination of Pig‐a mutation and MN‐RET into acute and 28‐day repeat‐dose studies. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:735–740, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.