CT造影剂碘海醇注射液的制备及动物实验

本文报道了非离子型Ｘ－ＣＴ造影剂碘海醇注射液的制备及动物实验结果。磺海醇的最大吸收波长λ＿（ｍａｘ）为２４４ｎｍ。讨论了温度、浓度对磺海醇溶液粘度的影响：粘度随温度的升高而下降，呈负线型相关；粘度随浓度（Ｃ）升高而激剧升高，与浓度的四次方呈线性相关：Ｖ＿（３７℃）＝４７２．５８９［Ｃ］￣４＋１．１２１（ｒ＝０．９９７７）Ｖ＿（３０℃）＝６６３．８１３［Ｃ］￣４＋１．１５２（ｒ＝０．９９９６）Ｖ＿（２０℃）＝１０８２．９５３［Ｃ］￣４＋１．４３３（ｒ＝０．９９８２）使用该注射液进行狗的造影实验，获得了清晰的造影图像。     

苯作业工人白细胞降低者的总估校正现患率

选择乡镇工业苯作业工人４次外周血白细胞计数中的间隔半年的两次数据，应用俘获再俘获法，计算其白细胞降低者的总估校正现患率（ＡＣＰＲ）。结果苯接触组为３６．８ｌ％（２９．１４％～４４．４８％），对照组为１２．７１％（７．２０％～１８．２２％）具有显著差异，其相对危险度为２，９。用常规法求得的４次检出率分别是：苯接触组为２６．３７％，１８．７３％，２７．９３％，３６．７６％；对照组为６。８５％，７．３８％，７．９４％，１５．００％。均在其ＡＣＰＲ之９５％可信限内，可见ＡＣＰＲ计算方法简便、结果准确，值得推广。对于稳定的人群，可用其每年一次的健康监护资料计算ＡＣＰＲ。     

Coplanar PCBs in fish and mussels from marine and estuarine waters of New York State.

Thirty samples of striped bass from marine and estuarine waters of New York State, six samples of mussels from Long Island Sound, and one composite sample of freshwater mussels from Troy were analyzed by a recently developed method which combines sulfuric acid cleanup, carbon chromatography, and high-resolution gas chromatography for the determination of non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are biologically active congeners of PCBs and approximate isostereomers of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin of (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Non-ortho coplanar PCBs ranged from 0.2 to 37.1 ppb in fish. The highest concentrations of 37.1 ng/g of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (77) and 7.5 ng/g of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (126) were detected in a fish caught near Troy/Albany, New York. Mono-ortho-substituted PCBs ranged from 0.4 to 790 ppb in fish, with the major components identified as 2,3',4,4',5-penta-(118) and 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyls (105). When concentrations were converted to 2,3,7,8-TCDD picogram equivalents, 99% of the equivalents were derived from three congeners (77, 105, and 126), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (126) accounting for approximately 80% of the activity. At Troy pg/g TCDD equivalents derived from PCB were approximately 3000, whereas the actual 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration was only 20 pg/g; hence, accurate coplanar PCB measurement is important.     

山莨菪碱防治甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭的实验研究

在１２９只ＳＤ大鼠的实验中动态观察了山莨菪碱对甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭时不同时期的Ｂｃｒ，ＢＵＮ，ｐＨ病理改变及死亡率的影响，结果表明：山莨菪碱能降低ＡＲＦ第５天大鼠死亡率以及Ｂｃｒ，ＢＵＮ水平。改善病理损害，对ＡＲＦ起到预防及治疗效果，山莨菪碱的预防效果优于治疗效果，预防是ＡＲＦ防治的关键，但山莨菪碱在治疗过程中要引起“冲刷综合征”导致洗脱性酸中毒，应引起注意。     

甘肃省1995年急性弛缓性麻痹病例病毒学监测

甘肃省１９９５年共报告１５岁以下儿童急性弛缓性麻痹（ＡＦＰ）病例９０例，发病率为１．３２／１０万。省脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）实验室收到ＡＦＰ病例的粪便标本共７９例，占８８％；双份合格粪便标本采集率为６８％（６１／９０）；粪便标本７天内送省脊灰实验室的占６５％（５２／７９）收到粪便标本后７天内分离培养的占８９％（７０／７９）；分离培养结果及时报告率为８７％（６９／７９）。病毒分离阳性率１３．９２％（１１／７９），其中脊灰病毒（ＰＶ）Ⅱ型５株，Ⅲ型１株，非脊灰肠道病毒（ＮＰＥＶ）５株。收到ＡＦＰ病例密切接触者粪便标本３ｌ８份，病毒分离阳性率５．６６％（１８／３１８），其中ＰＶⅡ型８株，ＮＰＥＶ１０株。全部送检粪便标本ＮＰＥＶ分离率３．７８％（１５／３９７）。所分离的ＰＶ均为疫苗株，且Ⅱ型居多。     

Perioperative specific management of blood volume loss in craniosynostosis surgery

Accurate assessment and replacement of blood loss and fluid–electrolyte deficit during craniosynostosis repair is difficult owing to patient size and the diversity of surgical technique. Forty-three patients undergoing primary craniosynostosis repair over a 10-year period were studied retrospectively to determine blood loss and fluid deficit and to assess blood transfusion practices during both intraoperative and postoperative periods. Blood loss was calculated on the basis of estimated red cell mass (ERCM) and fluid-electrolyte imbalance was investigated with blood samplings. Blood transfusion was considered appropriate if the postoperative or posttransfusion ERCM was within 12% of the preoperative value. Estimated fluid requirement (EFR) was used in 4 ml kg^–1 h^–1 except for neonates. Intraoperatively, 80% of all patients were appropriately managed with respect to blood transfusion and EFR. Postoperatively only 20% of the patients receiving transfusions were transfused appropriately. In 23.3% of these patients (10/43) unexpected respiratory distress developed immediately after their recovery from the anesthesia. With the measurement of estimated blood volume and allowable blood loss, appropriate transfusion could be achieved for the successful treatment of the primary craniosynostosis. Received: 16 February 1998     

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喘息是儿童时期常见的症状之一,支气管扩张药物在年幼儿童中使用的有效性是多年来颇有争议的一个临床问题。争论的焦点在于,以往认为婴儿支气管平滑肌发育不成熟,喘息时气道动态闭合度增高和相对显著的黏膜水肿使其对支气管扩张剂的反应较弱。而近年的研究显示,虽然婴幼儿对支气管扩张剂的治疗反应弱于年长儿童和成年人,但在婴儿时期气道就存在对支气管扩张剂的反应[1],合理使用支气管扩张剂有利于改善喘息儿童的临床症状。1临床常用的支气管扩张剂1.1β2肾上腺素受体激动剂选择性β2受体激动剂是强效支气管扩张剂,支气管扩张作用是氨茶碱的…     

高血压大鼠心肌中MMP-2的蛋白表达及其RAS阻断后的变化

[目的]探讨高血压大鼠左室心肌中基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)蛋白表达的变化以及血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)、血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体拮抗剂(AT1-ant)单独与联合治疗对高血压大鼠心肌中MMP-2蛋白表达的影响。[方法]40只雄性8周龄的易卒中自发性高血压大鼠(SHRSP)随机分成5组:SHRSP对照组、安慰剂组、缬沙坦组、苯那普利组及缬沙坦与苯那普利联用组。另外,取8只雄性8周龄的京都Wistar大鼠(WKY)作为对照。利用免疫组织化学的方法检测WKY以及SHRSP左室心肌中MMP-2蛋白的表达。[结果]SHRSP的收缩压(SBP)、左室质量指数(LVMI)、胶原容积分数(CVF)、血管周围胶原面积(PVCA)、左室心肌MMP-2蛋白表达较同龄的WKY显著增高。给予苯那普利、缬沙坦单独或联合治疗后SHRSP的LVMI、CVF、PVCA、左室心肌 MMP-2蛋白表达都显著降低。苯那普利、缬沙坦单独应用时的效果没有差异,而联合应用的效果更显著。[结论]SHRSP左室心肌中MMP-2蛋白表达增高,肾素血管紧张素系统(RAS)阻断后MMP-2蛋白表达显著减少;苯那普利、缬沙坦逆转高血压心室重塑的作用可能部分通过下调MMP-2蛋白表达而实现;苯那普利和缬沙坦都能降低SHRSP的血压以及逆转其左室重塑,而联合用药的作用更显著。     

化学品环境管理与水生实验动物

从分析化学品的特性入手，在概述化学品的环境管理对水生实验生物需求和国内外水生实验生物发展现状的基础上，从加强化学品环境管理的科学基础建设出发，对我国水生实验生物的研究与发展的标准化、产业化、必要的资质认可及信息交流提出建议。