Comparison of monochromatic ocular aberrations measured with an objective cross-cylinder aberroscope and a Shack-Hartmann aberrometer.

Repeated measures of wavefront aberrations were taken along the line-of-sight of seven eyes using two instruments: an objective, cross-cylinder aberroscope (OA) and a Shack-Hartmann (SH) aberrometer. Both instruments were implemented on the same optical table to facilitate interleaved measurements on the same eyes under similar experimental conditions. Variability of repeated measures of individual coefficients tended to be much greater for OA data than for SH data. Although Zernike coefficients obtained from a single measurement were generally larger when measured with the OA than with the SH, the averages across five trials were often smaller for the OA. The Zernike coefficients obtained from the two instruments were not significantly correlated. Radial modulation-transfer functions and point-spread functions derived from the two sets of measurements were similar for some subjects, but not all. When average Zernike coefficients were used to determine optical quality, the OA indicated superior optics in some eyes, but the reverse trend was true if Zernike coefficients from individual trials were used. Possible reasons for discrepancies between the OA and SH measurements include difference in sampling density, quality of data images, alignment errors, and temporal fluctuations. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the SH aberrometer discriminated between subjects much better than did the objective aberroscope.     

Anatomic and spiral computed tomographic study of the genial tubercles for genioglossus advancement.

OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare Chinese mandibular genial tubercles measured anatomically and with computed tomography (CT). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Spiral CT scans were taken of 40 adult human skulls; the superior genial spines were measured using anatomic and CT methods. RESULTS: The height and width of the superior genial spines, mandible thickness, and distance from the menton to the inferior and superior margins of the superior genial spines were 5.82 +/- 0.71, 6.98 +/- 1.35, 11.95 +/- 1.59, 11.08 +/- 2.05, and 16.91 +/- 2.30 mm from anatomic measurements and 6.17 +/- 0.71, 7.01 +/- 1.13, 12.19 +/- 1.64, 10.41 +/- 1.55, and 15.73 +/- 2.12 mm using spiral CT, respectively. The anatomic and CT measurements were correlated. CONCLUSION: Spiral CT of the genial tubercles can help locate the osteotomy in genioglossus advancement. SIGNIFICANCE: This study acquired reference data on Chinese genial tubercles demonstrating that CT measurements of the genial tubercles reflect their anatomy, which should allow accurately locate the osteotomy.     

妇科腹腔镜手术中转开腹原因分析

目的探讨妇科腹腔镜手术中转开腹的原因。方法对1234例妇科腹腔镜手术中的中转开腹患者的病情进行总结分析。结果16例腹腔镜中转开腹患者中,盆腔严重粘连者7例,盆腔恶性肿瘤4例,其他5例。结论盆腔严重粘连和盆腔恶性肿瘤是妇科腹腔镜手术中转开腹的主要原因,术前、术中充分的病情评估可能有助于减少中转开腹的发生。     

频闪喉镜对声带病理情况观察的研究

对1997年以来423例病态喉的频闪喉镜表现进行分析,结果显示声带有病理改变者其粘膜波、振幅、闭合相、运动周期性、对称性均有不同程度的变化,这种变化能直接反映声带病变的深度及范围,对喉部疾病的诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗指导及预后评价具有重要意义.     

NGF prevents the changes induced by monocular deprivation during the critical period in rats

Photic evoked responses were recorded from the striate cortex of Long-Evans hooded intact, monocular visual deprivation (MD) and MD treated with NGF rats. The averaged visual evoked responses (AVER) were obtained from both hemispheres and provided comparison after binocular photic stimuli between the contralateral and the ipsilateral striate cortex with relation to the MD eye. One month of monocular visual deprivation at the critical period of development resulted in marked reduction of the amplitudes of AVER components as compared to the control recordings (P < 0.001). These changes of the AVER could be prevented by NGF infusion to lateral ventricle at the dosage of 2.0–2.4 μg/day for four weeks during the monocular deprivation. In conclusion, the change of AVER amplitudes induced by monocular visual deprivation during the critical period of development can be prevented by NGF infusion to lateral ventricle.     

Synthesis of two nitro analogs of tranylcypromine: Relations of aromatic substitution of nitro groups to MAO-Inhibitory activity

Two new nitro analogs of tranylcypromine, (E)-2-(p-nitrophenyl)cyclopropylamine ((E)-p-NTCP) and (E)-2-(m-nitrophenyl)cyclopropylamine ((E)-m-NTCP) were synthesized in order to examine the effect of aromatic nitro substitution on the MAO-inhibitory activity of 2-phenylcyclopropylamines. The compounds were obtained by treatingt-butyl (E)-2-(p-nitrophenyl) cyclopropanecarbamate andt-butyl (E)-2-(m-nitrophenyl)cyclopropanecarbamate withp-toluenesulfonic acid in CH₃CN. Inhibitions of rat brain mitochondrial MAO-A and B by the compounds were examined using serotonin and benzylamine as the substrate at bothin vitro andex vivo levels. It was found fromin vitro measurements that(E)-p-NTCP at 6.0×10^?5M elicited merely 22.5% inhibition against MAO-B without any effect on MAO-A. In contrast,(E)-m-NTCP showed fair degrees of inhibitions of MAO-A and B with IC₅₀ values, 2.5×10^?7M and 1.4×10^?6M, respectively. It was also noted from(E)-m-NTCP thatm-nitro substitution caused a shift of selectivity of the inhibition toward MAO-A. According toex vivo measurements at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 hr following the administration of a dose of 0.015 mmol/kg, i.p. to the rats, the inhibition percents of MAO-A by(E)-m-NTCP were 58.6, 63.7 63.6, and 46.6%, slightly lower than those observed by tranylcypromine. Whereas,(E)-p-NTCP at the same dose level did not show significant inhibitions against both MAO-A and MAO-B. Possible reasons for the difference in potencies between(E)-m-NTCP and(E)-p-NTCP were sought in relation to differing electron withdrawing effects ofm-andp-substituents which will influence electron density of the side chain amino functions and the partitions.     

Structures of Flavamine and Flavadine from Aconitum flavum

Two new diterpenoid alkaloids, flavamine ( 1) and flavadine ( 2), were isolated from the roots of ACONITUM FLAVUM Hand-Mazz. The structures were established on the bases of spectral analyses and chemical correlations with napelline ( 3) and lucidusculine ( 4), respectively.     

宫颈粘液过氧化物酶在月经周期中的变化规律

本文对29例月经周期正常妇女的宫颈粘液过氧化物酶进行了30个周期的研究。在月经周期不同时间测定宫颈粘液过氧化物酶(CMPx)活性及血清促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)和孕酮(P)。结果表明:在排卵前三天酶活性明显下降,至排卵后一天开始上升。卵泡期,酶活性与E_2呈负相关(r=-0.67);黄体期,酶活性与P呈正相关(r=0.79)。本研究提示:1.CMPx在排卵周期具有特定的变化规律,其变化受体内激素水平影响,可作为预告排卵的指标。2.如简化测定方法,可为自然避孕提供新途径。     

CYP17A1基因新突变致17α-羟化酶/17,20-裂解酶部分性缺陷症

目的研究1例17α-羟化酶/17,20-裂解酶部分性联合缺陷症患者CYP17A1基因突变特点,并结合患者的临床表现与基因突变类型初步探讨P450C17酶蛋白的结构与功能的关系。方法收集1例17α-羟化酶/17,20-裂解酶部分性联合缺陷症患者的临床资料及其亲属血标本,提取基因组DNA,设计7对引物扩增CYP17A1基因的8个外显子及外显子与内含子的连接区域,琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定PCR产物,产物胶回收后直接做为DNA双链模板测序。DNA双链模板不一致的PCR产物经克隆后测序。测序结果在核苷酸序列数据库进行比较分析。结果患者CYP17A1基因突变检测结果为5994-5995delAT/7541C>T复合杂合子。这两种突变均未见报道。推测5994-5995delAT导致I259H,274X,突变形成的截短蛋白质缺少血红素结合区域,因此是没有功能的;而通过人类P450C17酶计算机模型分析显示7541C>T导致的A398V远离酶的活性中心,推测突变可能使酶的活性减弱,而不是完全地丧失。患者临床表现为有自发不规则月经及轻度高血压、低血钾,结合激素测定结果提示肾上腺和性腺保留部分功能。因而患者的基因型与其临床表型是一致的。结论应进行突变P450C17酶的功能学研究来进一步明确结构改变对功能的影响。