Suppression of murine IgE responses with amino acid polymer/allergen conjugates. IV. Suppressive activities in established IgE model systems

Conjugates of poly-N-methylglycine (polysarcosine) and grass pollen extracts, previously found to be capable of suppressing immature IgE antibody responses in mice, were shown to be highly effective at inhibiting the capacity of immune splenocytes to produce a secondary response in sub-lethally irradiated recipient animals. Anamnestic IgE responses in mice primed without adjuvant were also suppressed, but the effects were modest and of short duration. The predictive value of murine models for selecting clinically appropriate specific IgE suppressive agents and treatment schedules that might be successfully employed for clinical use are discussed.     

Urinary calculi in children in Western Australia: 1972-86

Records of all children presenting with urinary calculi in the period 1972-86 were reviewed in order to detail clinical features, laboratory and radiographic findings and treatment. Of a total of 85 children, 59 were Aboriginal and 26 were Caucasian. The features of urolithiasis differed between these groups. In the Aboriginal patients, calculi consisted mainly of uric acid and urates. Important clinical characteristics of this group included a young age at presentation (median = 2.1 years) and frequent presentation with failure to thrive. Calculi were commonly located in the upper urinary tract and most required surgical removal. Documented sequelae included renal scarring and hypertension. Caucasian children presented at a later age (median = 10.5 years), frequently with abdominal pain, and most calculi were associated with an underlying urological or metabolic abnormality.     

Pediatric prehospital care in urban and rural areas

There are limited data concerning pediatric prehospital care, although pediatric prehospital calls constitute 10% of emergency medical services activity. Data from 10,493 prehospital care reports in 11 counties of California (four emergency medical services systems in rural and urban areas) were collected and analyzed. Comparison of urban and rural data found few significant differences in parameters analyzed. Use of the emergency medical services system by pediatric patients increased with age, but 12.5% of all calls were for children younger than 2 years. Calls for medical problems were most common for patients younger than 5 years of age; trauma was a more common complaint in rural areas (64%, P = .0001). Frequency of vital sign assessment differed by region, as did hospital contact (P less than .0001). Complete assessment of young pediatric patients, with a full set of vital signs and neurologic assessment, was rarely performed. Advanced life support providers were often on the scene, but advanced life support treatments and procedures were infrequently used. This study suggests the need for additional data on which to base emergency medical services system design and some directions for education of prehospital care providers.