Intravitreal aflibercept for submacular hemorrhage secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept monotherapy for submacular hemorrhage secondary to neovascular age-related...     

Risk factors associated with poor outcome after medial rectus resection for recurrent intermittent exotropia

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To describe characteristics of recurrent intermittent exotropia after bilateral lateral rectus (BLR) recession, and identify...     

The Protective Effect of Parity in Hormone Receptor-Positive,Ki-67 Expressing Breast Cancer

Background

Epidemiologic studies showed that the experience of pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. We hypothesized that parity may differentially be associated with the development of invasive breast cancer by each subtype.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical, radiological, and pathological records of women diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast at Samsung Medical Center between 2005 and 2009. Clinicopathologic results were assessed by χ² and Fisher’s exact tests with a Bonferroni correction for categorical variables, and by the Kruskal–Wallis test for nonparametric continuous variables. A multinomial logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis.

Results

Among a total of 3,095 patients, 283 (9.14 %) patients were nulliparous. Older age, higher pN, and expression of HER2 were associated with parity. In the analysis between parity and molecular subtypes, parity also had a variable influence on breast cancer subtypes (p = 0.032). Intergroup analysis with multiple comparison showed that luminal B subtype was related to nulliparity compared with HER2-positive subtypes (p = 0.03).

Conclusions

The effect of parity on the development of breast cancer differed by hormone receptor and HER2 expression. It seems that parity might have a protective effect against hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, especially cancers expressing HR+ and Ki-67. Further basic research to define and understand this result is ongoing.     

广泛软组织机械性损伤所致多脏器功能障碍综合征的实验研究

目的 研究广泛软组织机械性损伤所致多脏器功能和形态学改变。方法 健康纯种新西兰大白兔25只，随机分成实验组（17只）和对照组（8只）。对实验组动物进行全身大量失血再灌注复合双后肢肌肉丰富部位挤压伤，造成广泛软组织机械性损伤，分别于放血前、减压后24、48、72h采取动物血检测尿素氮、肌酐、谷丙转氨酶；死后或72h活杀后取心、肺、肝、肾、脑及受压后腿肌组织，备行光镜和透射电镜观察，肾组织行肌红蛋白免疫组化染色观察。对照组无上述致伤过程，与实验组对应时刻取血测定上述生化指标，72h提取组织行光、电镜观察。结果 伤后实验动物上述功能指标有显著性改变，形态学有明显改变。结论 广泛软组织机械性损伤可导致多脏器功能障碍综合征的发生，肾组织肌红蛋白免疫组化染色和其他受损器官的组织学雯化为实践中此类损伤引起死亡的定性提供了法医病理学的诊断依据。