OBJECTIVE: To study the feelings of HIV infected mothers during the perinatal period regarding circumstances of HIV diagnosis, disclosure to partner and fear of contamination. POPULATION AND METHODS: A study based upon personal interviews was carried out from November 2003 to January 2004 upon routine pediatric outpatient visits for infants born to HIV positive mothers. RESULTS: This study included 54 women of which 70% were from Sub-Saharan Africa. Fifty-nine per cent discovered their HIV status during a pregnancy. Seventy-seven per cent of partners were informed of maternal status. Among the women reluctant to inform their partner, the main reasons given were fear of violence and separation. Seventy-two per cent of interviewed women refused their spouses to be informed by the medical staff. Medical care during pregnancy (moral support, delivery) was judged as good by a majority of women (90%) who found the behavior of the staff mostly satisfactory. Final child serology remains the most definitive test for mothers, 47% of whom fear the risk of a potential postnatal contamination of their children. CONCLUSION: In these isolated women, many of whom have recently discovered their HIV status, a multidisciplinary approach including psychosocial support is essential. 相似文献
Endovascular surgical techniques have become an accepted standard of care for high-risk patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and for certain patients with thoracic aortic pathology and peripheral arterial aneurysms. In Canada, endovascular surgery has been concentrated in tertiary-care academic teaching institutions. As the technology evolves and as expertise advances, the applicability of endovascular techniques will expand. With time, and as the demand for endovascular techniques rises, this expertise will increasingly need to be delivered by dedicated vascular surgical services in nonteaching institutions. The dissemination of endovascular surgical capabilities represent a unique challenge. We report the successful implementation of an endovascular surgical program in a tertiary-care nonteaching institution using a carefully planned preceptorship model. We review our initial 49 cases and discuss 6 factors important to the successful establishment of an endovascular surgical service: education, teamwork, strict selection of patients, use of a single stent-graft manufacturer, industry support and endovascular preceptorship. Our experience may be used as a model by other institutions in Canada. 相似文献
OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of native condyle preservation in local recurrence after segmental mandibulectomy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Retrospective chart review with main outcome measuring local control of cancer. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2003, 72 patients (48 men, 24 women) with an average age of 73.5 years without previous treatment underwent segmental mandibulectomy. Fifty-four cases (n = 54) involved the mandible posterior to the mental foramen and are the subject of this review. In 36 patients, the condyle was preserved and mandibular continuity was restored. In 18 patients, condyle and ramus were resected without mandibular reconstruction. Reconstructive modalities included primary closure (3), split-thickness skin graft (3), pedicle flap (19), and free tissue reconstructions (29). Overall local-regional recurrence rate was 22 percent (12 of 54); no recurrences were identified in patients who underwent condylar resection. Recurrences were observed in patients with mandibular reconstruction by both plate and pedicle flap (5 of 9) or (osteo) myocutaneous free flap (7 of 27). CONCLUSION: Condylar preservation may predispose patients to local recurrence after segmental mandibulectomy. This does not translate into overall reduction in survival. 相似文献
The interpretation of the effects in biological systems exposed to electromagnetic (EM) fields requires knowledge of the internal fields and absorbed energy. The quantification of the specific absorption rate (SAR) is called dosimetry. The SAR given in units of watts per kilogram is a complex function of the source configuration, shape and size of the exposed subjects, orientation of the subject with respect to the source, and the frequency. The average and maximum SAR in the exposed subject may vary over many orders of magnitude for a given exposure level. In order to relate observed biological effects in exposed laboratory animals to safe exposure levels for man, both the fields within the environment and SAR within the exposed tissues must be determined. The environmental fields and the SAR can often be determined from EM theory, but in most cases one must rely on instrumentation such as field survey meters for quantifying the exposure fields and electric field probes, thermocouples, thermistors, fiber optic probes, thermography, and calorimetry for quantifying the SAR in the tissues or equivalent models. A combination of techniques, each valid for a particular model over a particular frequency range, have been used to determine average and peak SARs in humans and animals exposed to plane wave radiation. Though it has been considerably more difficult to quantify these quantities for near field and partial-body exposure conditions, progress is continually being made in this area. 相似文献
Infection is the most important cause of mortality in leucopenic patients. A broad spectrum antibiotic therapy is imperative in febrile and neutropenic patients. In a multicentric study we have used ceftazidime (100 mg/kg/d) and netilmicin (6 mg/kg/d) in 88 children (fever greater than or equal to 38.5 degrees C, neutropenia less than 500/mm3) treated for acute leukemias (59), non Hodgkin lymphomas (13) or solid tumors (16). Median age was 7 years (2 months-16 years). In patients who continued to remain febrile, vancomycin (40 mg/kg/d) was added after 48 hours. The effective treatment was continued until a neutrophil count greater than 1,000/mm3. The first combination (ceftazidime + netilmicin) was effective in 64 children (73%) and the second combination (ceftazidime + netilmicin + vancomycin) in 11 patients. Bacteria were isolated in 39 children: Escherichia coli: 9, Staphylococcus epidermidis: 9, Staphylococcus aureus: 8, Streptococcus: 6, Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 3, Streptococcus pneumoniae: 1, Haemophilus: 1, Klebsiella pneumoniae: 1, Proteus: 1, Serratia: 1, Flavobacterium: 1. In these 39 patients, 30 became apyretic with ceftazidime and netilmicin and 6 after vancomycin. All blood culture were negative after the first combination. The median duration of antibiotic therapy was 14 days (5-9 days: 28, 10-20 days: 43, greater than 20 days: 17). There were no death, no superinfection. Tolerance was good without kidney or liver or biological perturbation. We conclude that the combination ceftazidime and netilmicin is effective in neutropenic children. 相似文献
In this study 1,466 cases of primary lung cancer diagnosed between 1974 and 1983 and reported to the Provincial Tumour Registry, were reviewed. The incidence of lung cancer in Newfoundland has been lower than that in Canada as a whole. The age-adjusted rates for Canadian males and females were 56 and 14 per 100,000 compared to 45 and 7 in Newfoundland. Census division rates showed no association with socioeconomic indicators. The rate in one census division was higher (63 vs 53) most probably because of the higher risk of men who worked in the St. Lawrence fluorspar mines. Although Newfoundland's current smoking rates (39% of men over 15 and 29% of women over 15) are high, this is not reflected in lung cancer rates. Smoking was not widely accepted in rural areas until the time of World War II, and Newfoundland's lower rates may be due to this delay in exposure. 相似文献
To determine the physiology of acid secretion after gastrocystoplasty with the body of the stomach we performed a prospective standardized 3-day study in 13 children (median age 12.5 years) who had undergone bladder augmentation/replacement (median postoperative period 2 years). Urinary pH and titratable acid, and serum gastrin levels were measured after gastric distention with a meal and bladder distention with urethral filling at baseline and after medication with a histamine-2 receptor antagonist or an anticholinergic agent. Five children underwent cystoscopy and biopsy of the gastric and native segments of the gastrocystoplasty.
In the fasting state pH was neutral, there was no titratable acid in the urine and serum gastrin level was normal in all cases. After a meal urinary acid secretion and serum gastrin level increased markedly. After each medication half of the patients demonstrated marked inhibition of urinary acid secretion after a meal while response was partial in the remainder. In none of the patients was there significant alteration in the pattern of gastrin secretion. Bladder distention did not result in urinary acid secretion or gastrin secretion. The cystoscopic and histological appearance of the native bladder and stomach segment of the gastrocystoplasty in the 5 patients was normal. We conclude that the gastric body segment used in gastrocystoplasty continues to secrete acid as though it were part of the stomach. The secretion of acid in the urine can be decreased with histamine-2 receptor antagonist or anticholinergic medication. 相似文献