全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌

为了评价全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌的疗效，采用双侧睾丸切除、Ｆｌｕｔａｍｉｄｅ和Ｆｉｎａｓｔｅｒｉｄ联合治疗Ｄ２期前列腺癌病人５例。随访１５～２０个月，结果ＰＳＡ均正常，前列腺体积缩小６１．２％～６９．３％，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），骨转移灶缩小、部分消失，积水肾脏完全恢复正常，所有病人治疗后全部有效。表明全雄激素阻断对晚期前列腺癌有良好的治疗效果。提出在三个层次上阻断雄激素治疗晚期前列腺癌的策略。     

Microvascular corrosion casting of normal tissue, transitional mucosa and adenocarcinoma in the human colon.

The microcirculatory architecture of normal tissue, transitional mucosa and adenocarcinoma of the human colon was investigated with microvascular corrosion casting (MVCC) combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study showed that the capillaries within the normal mucosa were arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern around the mucosal glands and that the microvessels of transitional mucosa mostly had lost the typical hexagonal pattern and become slightly wider in diameter. The microvessels in the tumor periphery were increased in number and disorganized, and presented large variation in morphology with claw-like formations, widened sinuses, diverticula and appendixoid patterns. Microvessels were lacking in the central areas of tumors. These morphological alterations may serve as additional indicators of tumor development.     

Location of lectin UEA-I receptors in histological diagnosis of nasopharyngeal precancerous lesion.

Three kinds of lectins (UEA-I, ConA, PNA) were used to study normal, dysplastic, neoplastic nasopharyngeal epithelium by lectin affinitive histochemical method. UEA-I (ulex europeus agglutinin-I) displayed membrane distribution in normal squamous epithelium, but most of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were negative. Notably, severe dysplastic epithelium (precancerous lesion) exhibited a strong membranous and cytoplasmic affinity, which contrasted sharply with the normal epithelium and carcinoma cells. The statistically significant difference in the content and distribution of lectin UEA-I in these three groups suggest that UEA-I is a hopeful marker for diagnosing precancerous lesion of the nasopharynx. However, PNA and ConA are of less diagnostic value.

     

肺结核线索调查中X线胸透的代价和效益试评

用热释光剂量计测试了受检者胸透体表照射量，结果表明受检者体表照射量符合对数正态分布，几何均值为０．１９ｍＣ·ｋｇ－１，高于一般体检胸透照射量水平。根据危险度系数，估算出由此造成的辐射诱发恶性肿瘤危险度，男女分别为３．５５×１０－６和４．０５×１０－６，后裔遗传疾患的危险度均为４．０×１０－８，由此估计该次实践造成的人均寿命缩短时间为０．５２ｈ·人－１。利用江苏省结核病的患病率、死亡率、化疗治愈率估算出由此次实践带来的人均寿命延长时间为４５．８ｈ·人－１。     

Biologic effects of hyperthermia and radiation on gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) in vitro. II. Ultrastructural changes of cells

Different characteristic damages of the SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma cells were studied by electron microscopy 1, 36, 72, 96 and 120 hours after heating and radiation in vitro. The visible damages, such as the enlarged mitochondria, increase of lysosomes and perichromatin granules could be shown 1 hour after heating (43 degrees C for 30 min) but no visible damages of the cells were shown until 36 hours following radiation (500 rad). In order to study the ultrastructural changes of the gastric cancer cells in mitosis after heating and radiation, we have used the new method of ultrastructural research in selecting and observing the M cell in vitro and found loosened structure of chromosome and disappearance of microtubules 1 hour following hyperthermia. At the same time, no apparent abnormalities of the mitotic cells were observed after radiation. It is the chief cause of division delay in heat injured cells. However, the chromosomes and microtubules of the new mitotic cells could recover 36 hours after heating (43 degrees C for 30 min). After radiation, the giant cells and abnormal morphologic changes of cells gradually increase and the living cells decrease. Unexpectedly, the division of a few giant cells is observed 72 hours after heating and radiation.     

2,6—二叔丁基对甲酚对大鼠尿生化指标的影响

以２０，６０和１８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量给大鼠喂食２，６－二叔丁基对甲酚（ＢＨＴ），检测尿中ＡＳＴ、ＡＬＰ、ＬＤＨ和ＧＧＴ等指标变化。结果表明：随染毒时间延长，各尿酶含量逐渐出现显著性增高，病理学检查发现高剂量组有１例间质性肾炎，提示ＢＨＴ对肾功能可能产生有害作用。     

尼卡地平控制性降压对家犬脊髓血流的影响

目的　观察尼卡地平控制性降压对家犬脊髓血流的影响。方法　成年杂种犬 6只 ,体重 12 5～ 16kg ,以 2 5 %硫喷妥钠麻醉。股动脉置管监测MAP。以尼卡地平 8μg·kg 1·min 1持续静脉注射控制性降压。以激光多普勒血流仪测定脊髓血流 (SCBF)。结果　降压前MAP为 (12 5 7±10 6 )mmHg ,降压后为 (72 0± 11 2 )mmHg ,平均下降 4 2 8%。降压前SCBF为 (9 80± 1 0 5 )v ,降压后为 (8 0 4± 0 96 )v ,降低幅度为 18%。结论　尼卡地平控制性降压对SCBF影响较小 ,可安全用于脊髓手术。     

抑郁症的睡眠脑电图与人脑兴奋守恒假说

目的　探索抑郁症状与睡眠脑电图参数的相关性。方法　对 18例抑郁症和 10例正常人评定汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表 (HAMD)和检测睡眠脑电图。结果　HAMD总分与觉醒次数及REM密度分别呈显著正相关 (r分别等于 0 .4 0 8和 0 .4 4 5 ,P均 <0 .0 5 )。结论　抑郁症和正常人的白天中枢抑制与夜间中枢兴奋相关 ,从而支持人脑兴奋守恒假说。     

Missense mutations and evolutionary conserved amino acids at the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase locus.

Molecular characterization of in vivo mutation at the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus has revealed a broad spectrum of mutation, both with regard to germ-line mutation in Lesch-Nyhan and gout patients, and somatic mutation in 6-thioguanine resistant T-lymphocytes from healthy individuals. The pattern of missense mutation shows a non-random distribution with a preferential location to codons for amino acids which are identical in human and the two parasites Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium falciparum. Although these 'evolutionary conserved' amino acids account for only 32% of the amino acids in the human hprt protein, they are involved in 76% of the missense mutations at the hprt locus in human T-lymphocytes, 67% in Lesch-Nyhan patients (with severe hprt-deficiency), but only 43% in gout patients (with partial hprt deficiency). This observation supports the notion that evolutionary conserved amino acids constitute functionally important sites in the hprt enzyme, and missense mutations affecting these amino acids will often lead to complete loss of enzyme activity. Substitutions of 'non-conserved' amino acids cause less severe hprt-deficiency (as seen in the gout patients), or may even escape clinical diagnosis. These considerations are important for the understanding of structure-activity relationships in the hprt protein, possible differences between hprt mutational spectra in germ-line and somatic cells, and the mutational spectra induced by specific exogeneous mutagens.