Die Enzymsysteme des oxydo-reduktiven Stoffwechsels in Augenlinsen

Zusammenfassung In den untersuchten Augenlinsen (Rind, Ratte) fehlen die Oxydationskatalysatoren Cytochrom und Cytochromoxydase, ferner Diaphorase; Flavinenzym dürfte, falls überhaupt vorhanden, als Wasserstoffüberträger in Augenlinsen keine Rolle spielen.Unter den Dehydrasen fehlt die Succinodehydrase (vgl. S. 120). Eine größere Anzahl cozymasegebundener Dehydrasen ist nachgewiesen, ferner findet man die Codehydrase-II-spezifischen Dehydrasen der Hexose-mono-phosphorsäure.Die untersuchten Linsen sind reich an Cozymase und enthalten auch Codehydrase II; Cozymase ist in oxydierter und reduzierter Form (als Co und CoH₂) vorhanden. Man findet also in den Linsen alle zurGlykolyse notwendigen enzymatischen Komponenten, während dasAtmungsystem unvollständig ist.Wie seit längerer Zeit bekannt ist, enthalten die Augenlinsen vielAscorbinsäure und vielSulfhydrylverbindungen (Thiole), welche als Aktivatoren bzw. Co-Enzyme eines noch unvollständig bekannten Enzymsystems der Oxydo-Reduktion in Betracht kommen.Für die Annahme, daß Ascorbinsäure in der Linse aus Hexosen entsteht, ließen sich experimentelle Anhaltspunkte gewinnen.Eine Reihe besonderer Versuche deutet darauf hin, daß SH-Verbindungen der Linsen imstande sind, Dehydroascorbinsäure zu reduzieren.     

Melde- und Informationssystem für bedeutsame Vorkommnisse bei Strahlenanwendungen in der Medizin: Struktur,Zuständigkeiten und Meldekriterien

The increasing frequency and complexity of medical radiation exposures to humans inevitably result in higher risks of harmful unintended or accidental radiation exposures. To ensure a high level of protection and its continuous improvement, the Directive 2013/59/Euratom thus requires to systematically record and analyze both events and near-miss events as well as, in the case of their significance, to disseminate information regarding lessons learned from these events promptly and nationwide to improve radiation protection in medicine. These requirements have been transposed into German legislation by the new radiation protection law and radiation protection ordinance that entered into force simultaneously on December 31^th, 2018. The reporting and information system as provided by these regulations as well as the tasks, duties and powers of the parties involved are presented in the first part of this review article. In the second part, the established application-specified criteria for the significance – and thus the notification requirement - of (near-miss) events are itemized and explicated.     

Reliability of a multidimensional questionnaire for adults with treated complete cleft lip and palate

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a multidimensional questionnaire for Swedish adults with treated complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP). The questionnaire was designed to be used in the evaluation of adults with treated CLP after treatment. Before any conclusions were drawn from the results of the study we assessed the test-retest reliability of the questionnaire. The questionnaire included 168 questions and assessed the following domains: aesthetics, functions associated with CLP, satisfaction with treatment and perceived need for treatment, quality of life, depression and non-specific physical symptoms, body image, and jaw function. The subjects answered the questionnaire twice at a 2-3-week interval. Sixty-one adults (38 men, 23 women) mean age 24 years (range 20-29) participated in the study. The response rate for the questionnaire was acceptable at 75%. The test-retest reliability varied among the different domains. The reliability of questions regarding aesthetics, functions associated with CLP, and treatment satisfaction was good to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.51 to 0.89). Good to excellent (ICC = 0.61 to 1.0) reliability was also found for the quality of life in various life domains and the wellbeing scales. The reliability of the body image scale was moderate (kappa = 0.43-0.60) for most items and lower than that of other scales used in this study. The reliability of the mean depression symptom score (ICC = 0.93) and the mean non-specific physical symptoms score (ICC = 0.85) were excellent. The reliability of the mandibular function impairment was good (ICC = 0.67). The conclusion of the study is that an overall reliability was good for the multidimensional questionnaire.     

Long-Term Risk of Infective Endocarditis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Background

Patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) are considered at high risk of infective endocarditis (IE). However, data on the risk of IE following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are sparse and limited by the lack of long-term follow-up as well as a direct comparison with patients undergoing SAVR.

WOUND CLOSURE BY DERMATOTRACTION AFTER FASCIOTOMY FOR ACUTE COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

Intramuscular pressure (IMP) was measured in 16 patients during secondary wound closure by dermatotraction with external tissue extension (ETE®). Secondary wound closure was done 4-16 days after fasciotomy for acute compartment syndrome. The traction between wound edges was 2.5 N in the first six patients and 3.5 N in the following 10 patients. Mean (SD) IMP was 6.9 (3.5) mmHg before wound closure. It increased to 12.3 (1.4) mmHg in the 2.5 N group and to 24.7 (7.0) mmHg in the 3.5 N group when dermatotraction was applied. Mean (SD) leg perfusion pressure in the 2.5 N group decreased by 7% to 69.3 (10.9) mmHg and in the 3.5 N group by 23% to 62.2 (7.4) mmHg. None of the patients needed a skin graft. We conclude that dermatotraction by ETE® raises IMP intraoperatively sufficiently to preserve adequate limb perfusion pressures.