Octreotide dependency and headache: a case report

We report on headache induced by a somatostatin octapeptide analog (octreotide) used for the treatment of acromegaly, This "rebound" headache has severe tension-type characteristics and occurs every 6–8 h. It resolves dramatically within minutes with octreotide administration. This is the first report of headache developing under treatment with octreotide.     

Etiology and pathogenesis of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): significance of prematurity and perinatal hypoxic-haemodynamic encephalopathy

Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), defined as a disorder of awareness with impul-sivity, has lately been characterized as a dysfunction of the striatum (neostriatum = globus pallidus + putamen). This structure is in a unique position for contextual analysis and samples information from almost the entire cortex through its spiny neurons. The etiology is heterogeneous, with genetic as well as lesional factors. Among the latter, pre- and perinatal events are prominent. Advances in the understanding of the role of fetal circulatory insufficiency with loss of autoregulation and systemic hypotension have drawn attention to the vulnerability of watershed regions, including the striatum. Not only circulatory facts are important for this selectivity, however. The anatomical characteristics, with convergent glutaminergic afferent synaptic transmission from almost the entire cortex contribute to the vulnerability in ischemia-induced liberation of glutamate: The striatum becomes the victim of its virtue. Repeated hypoxic-ischemic events are particularly common in prematurity, a fact which seems to explain the high incidence of ADHD in this patient group. The magnitude of the problem is increasing with the increased survival rate among premature infants.     

Paralysis and lameness associated with aflatoxicosis in broilers

Two cases of aflatoxicosis in broilers were characterised, unusually, by trembling, ataxia, paralysis of legs and wings and lameness. Histo-pathology showed severe degeneration of hepatocytes, bile duct proliferation and depletion of lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs. Aspergillus flavus was isolated from the feed and litter. AflatoxinBi was detected in one sample at a concentration of 2.4 mg/kg.     

PREVALENCE OF MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE IN HONG KONG CHINESE A CLINICAL AND AUTOPSY STUDY

The prevalence of mitral valve pro.lapse in Chinese was determined by screening 156 heal- thy subjects and by patholobic examination of 86 adult autopsies. Mitral valve prolapse was found in 7.7% in the clinical study and 5.8% in the autopsy study. A slight female preponderance was noted.     

Prevalence and Role of Candida in Acute Gastroenteritis (Choleraic and non-choleraic)

Candida species were isolated and identified from the stool samples of cholera and non-dioleraic acute gastroenteritis (GE) cases. From 500 samples (398 from GE and 102 from cholera cases) 129 strains of Candida were isolated. The total rate percentage of Candida in both the groups varied from 25–26 %.
The incidence of Candida in GE was higher in children from 1–4 years whereas in cholera cases the incidence was higher in the group from 5–9 years.
On statistical analysis it was found that the association of C. albicans and C. tropicalis with gastroenteritis, either choleraic or non-choleraic, bears no significance to the disorder. Complete dissociation of the species of C. albicans and C. tropicalis was found in the stool samples of the two groups of gastroenteritis cases.

Zusammenfassung

Candida -Arten — 129 Stämme — wurden aus Stuhlproben von Patienten, die an Cholera (102 Fälle) oder an einer akuten Gastroenteritis (398 Fälle) erkrankt waren, isoliert und identifiziert. Bei beiden Patientengruppen lag der Prozentsatz des Candida -Nachweises zwischen 25 bis 26 %. Das Sproßpilzvorkommen lag bei 1–4 Jahre alten Kindern nit einer Gastroenteritis höher. Bei der Vergleichsgruppe der Cholera-Kranken waren vermehrt Sproßpilze bei 5–9 Jahre alten Kindern nachzuweisen.
Statistische Berechnungen zeigten keine Verbindung zwischen Candida albicans - und Candida tropicalis -Nachweis zu den Cholera- oder nicht Cholera-bedingten Gastro-enteritiden. Die beiden Candida -Arten wurden in keinem Fall gemeinsam aus einer der Stuhlproben gezüchtet.