普鲁卡因选择性涂丝电极稳定性的研究

涂丝电极的应用已很广泛,但其稳定性差限制了它的进一步推广应用。本文找出普鲁卡因涂丝电极稳定性差的原因,制备了以聚乙烯醇(含盐酸普鲁卡因)为内参的Ag-Agcl丝涂(PVC)膜电极,其稳定性大为提高,并有良好的响应性能。     

Biosynthesis and secretion of factor VII, protein C, protein S, and the Protein C inhibitor from a human hepatoma cell line

Using specific radioimmunoassays, 8 day cultures of Hep G2 cells were shown to contain in their supernatants 16, 74, and 828 ng/mL and in their cell lysates, 8, 55, and 48 ng/2 X 10(8) cells of factor VII, protein C, and protein S, respectively. These proteins and the protein C inhibitor were functionally active, and each of these activities was neutralized by their respective polyclonal antibodies. Although vitamin K had a modest effect, warfarin decreased the activity of secreted factor VII, protein C, and protein S by 50% to 90%. Protein C and protein S antigens were reduced three- to fourfold by warfarin. The protein C inhibitor antigen and activity were unaffected by vitamin K or warfarin treatment. Intrinsic labeling and immunoprecipitation indicated that factor VII, protein S, and the protein C inhibitor were secreted as 52,000, 77,000, and 58,000 molecular weight (mol wt) proteins, respectively. Protein C was secreted as a single-chain protein of about 65,000 mol wt, indicating that all of the vitamin K- dependent proteins are translated and secreted as single-chain molecules. Each of the four proteins studied represented their plasma protein counterparts structurally, functionally, and immunochemically. Thus, all of the known soluble components of the protein C pathway are produced by liver parenchymal cells.     

Enhancement of monoclonal antibody binding to melanoma with single dose radiation or hyperthermia

We undertook this study to determine whether radiation (10 Gray, single dose) or water bath hyperthermia (41 degrees C, 45 min) could enhance binding of 111In-labeled anti-p97a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to human melanoma tumors transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Sixty animals were given injections of 1-2 X 10(7) Brown C5513 melanoma cells. At 1-2 weeks postinjection, two-thirds of the mice were treated (one-third served as controls). Within 3 hours after treatment, each animal was given iv 2 muCi 111In-anti-p97a MAb. At 24 and 48 hours thereafter, whole-body scans were done with the use of a MaxiCamera 300 A/M unit, and the ratio of activity at the tumor and liver was determined. Some animals were kept for 7 days posttreatment, whereas others were taken after the 48-hour scan for determination of biodistribution of the radiolabeled complex. Enhancement of MAb binding was demonstrated by either modality, although enhancement was more consistent with radiation. The therapeutic efficacy of MAb may be enhanced with increased binding of radioactive MAb complexes through single dose radiation or hyperthermia.     

Hyperthermia enhances localization of 111In-labeled hapten to bifunctional antibody in human colon tumor xenografts

A unique bifunctional antibody (BFA) delivery system was examined for radiolocalization and distribution following hyperthermia (41.5 degrees C, 45 min) of T380h human colon tumor xenografts. The BFA is an F(ab')2 fragment made by combining two murine monoclonal antibodies with different specificities, one directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (monoclonal antibody CEM 231) and the other (monoclonal antibody CHA 255) against a hapten found on a derivative of 111In-labeled benzyl-EDTA (EOTUBE). This BFA is known as CEM/CHA. The CEM/CHA accumulates in carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing tissue and clears from normal tissues prior to administration of the radiolabeled hapten. T380h tumor chunks were injected s.c. into 31 nude mice. Two weeks later mean tumor volume was 352 mm3 and the animals were assigned to one of four groups: (a) CEM/CHA + hyperthermia + 111In-EOTUBE; (b) CHA 255 F(ab')2 + hyperthermia + 111In-EOTUBE, and (c and d) treated in the same manner as a and b, respectively, but without heat. The CEM/CHA, CHA 255 F(ab')2, and 111In-labeled hapten were injected i.p. at 14 micrograms, 7 micrograms, and 140-200 microCi/mouse, respectively. The hyperthermia was administered 22-24 h after BFA and the radiolabeled hapten was injected 2 h later. Twenty-four h thereafter, the animals were euthanized for testing. A significantly greater percentage of injected radioactivity localized within heated compared to unheated tumors in mice given CEM/CHA and 111In-EOTUBE (7.39%/g tumor and 4.46%/tumor versus 2.72%/g tumor and 1.44%/tumor, respectively). The percentage of kidney activity in mice given CHA 255 F(ab')2 fragments and heat was 57% lower than in the nonheated group when expressed on a per g basis (12.73 and 22.20%, respectively). Microautoradiography showed greater radiolocalization in heated tumors than in nonheated control tumors of comparable size. Semiquantification by immunoperoxidase staining for carcinoembryonic antigen did not reveal similar differences in the amounts of antigen present in tumors from heated and nonheated groups. These findings suggest that hyperthermia could be used to enhance delivery of radiolabeled haptens to prelocalized BFA and, thus, to enhance tumor imaging and therapeutic efficacy.     

Effects of radiolabelled monoclonal antibody infusion on blood leukocytes in cancer patients

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of a single infusion of radiolabelled murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) on peripheral blood leukocytes in cancer patients. Eleven patients with disseminated colon cancer, malignant melanoma, or lung adenocarcinoma were infused with 111In-labelled anti-ZCE 025, anti-p97 type 96.5c, or LA 20207 MAb, respectively. Blood samples were obtained before infusion, immediately after infusion (1 hr), and at 4 and 7 days postinfusion. Flow cytometry analysis of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, and CD19+ lymphocytes showed increasing CD4:CD8 ratios in seven patients after infusion. This phenomenon was not restricted to antibody subclass or to type of cancer. Two of the remaining patients exhibited a marked post-infusion increase in CD8+ cells. In all three patients with malignant melanoma, decreasing levels of CD16+ lymphocytes were noted after infusion and natural killer cell cytotoxicity showed fluctuations which paralleled the changes in the CD16+ subpopulation. Oxygen radical production by phagocytic cells was markedly affected in three subjects. These results suggest that a single infusion of radiolabelled murine MAb may alter the balance of critical lymphocyte subpopulations and modulate other leukocyte responses in cancer patients.     

唐松草新碱水溶液的氧化降解动力学研究

本文研究了唐松草新碱在水溶液中的氧化降解动力学。考查了pH值、离子强度、温度和氧含量的影响,水溶液中的氧化降解速率常数由荧光法测定。结果表明,唐松草新碱在过量氧存在下,其氧化降解反应服从假一级反应动力学方程式,速率常数可由下式表示:其速率常数主要受介质的pH值和氧含量的影响,在pH 7.2条件下没有观测到原盐效应。     

Community psychology in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand

Community psychology in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand reflect interesting parallels and convergences. While both have a strong educational basis influenced by North American publications, they have developed foci and forms of practice reflecting the cultural, political, and historic underpinnings of these two countries. In New Zealand, community psychology developed from academic researchers and teachers moulding and adapting approaches to suit the needs of their local communities. In Australia, two processes of practitioners establishing a professional home and academics developing a field of education have come together to form the basis of the field. At the core of community psychology in both countries is the place of social justice—with a strong emphasis on the position and plight of the Indigenous peoples. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Enhancement of immune status by high levels of dietary vitamin B-6 without growth inhibition of human malignant melanoma in athymic nude mice

The effects of dietary vitamin B-6 supplementation on the development of human malignant melanoma (M21-HPB) xenografts and on in vitro responses of leukocytes were examined. Male athymic nude mice, five weeks old, were divided into two groups of 48 each and fed 20% casein diets containing pyridoxine (PN) at 4.1 (control diet) and 61.6 mg/kg diet for 10 weeks. After four weeks of dietary treatment, 20 animals from each dietary group were injected subcutaneously with 3 x 10(7) melanoma cells. After 4, 8, and 10 weeks of dietary regimen, animals from each group were killed and blood, liver, and spleen samples were obtained. Food consumption and mouse body weights were similar between groups, and no difference was noted in tumor incidence or volume. Noninjected and tumor-bearing mice given the PN 61.6 diet generally exhibited greater oxygen radical production by phagocytic cells from blood and spleen than did animals fed the PN 4.1 diet. Spleen and blood B lymphocyte proliferation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was enhanced (10 and 30%) in the noninjected animals given the PN 61.6 diet. In addition, tumor-bearing mice fed the PN 61.6 diet had significantly greater LPS-induced spleen cell proliferation at eight weeks when compared with mice consuming the PN 4.1 diet. Despite immune enhancement, tumor incidence and progression was not modified by a high level of dietary vitamin B-6. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that tumor inhibition by high dietary vitamin B-6 may be mediated by T lymphocyte-dependent mechanisms that are lacking in these genetically immuno-deficient mice.