近十年高血压病中医研究概况

为了促进中医药治疗高血压病的进一步发展,深入进行高血压病中医的病因病机、治法方药、作用机制的相关研究,本文对近十年有代表性的文献进行归纳分析。     

17 β雌二醇通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶抑制前列腺癌细胞系PC3增殖

目的探讨丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在17β雌二醇(E2)抑制前列腺癌PC3细胞生长中的作用。方法检测不同浓度E2作用不同时间后PC3细胞生长抑制率。流式细胞仪分析细胞周期分布,TUNEL染色检测凋亡。Western blot检测ERK1/2,JNK和p38活性。RT-PCR法检测雌激素受体(ER)α、ERβ、P21WAF1和cyclinD1的表达。结果E2抑制PC3细胞增殖,并且可以激活ERK1/2、JNK和p38。处理因素作用48h后,对照组、E2、E2 PD98059、E2 SP600125、E2 SB203580组细胞的凋亡率分别为(0.9±0.1)%;(23.0±1.4)%;(30.0±1.2)%;(10.6±0.8)%和(14.6±0.7)%,(P<0.05)。E2使细胞阻滞在G1期,PD98059、SP600125、SB203580分别预处理1h后细胞分别进一步阻滞在G1期;轻度阻滞在G1期和进入S期。RT-PCR发现PC3细胞表达ERα和ERβ,E2、E2 PD98059、E2 SP600125、E2 SB203580组中cyclinD1、P21WAF1基因表达分别为对照组的(0.42±0.03)、(3.13±0.02)倍;(0.21±0.03)、(3.08±0.05)倍;(0.43±0.01)、(1.31±0.04)倍;(2.81±0.02)、(3.14±0.02)倍(P<0.05)。结论E2激活JNK增加P21WAF1基因表达,并激活p38抑制cyclinD1表达,使细胞阻滞在G1期,JNK和p38通路还介导E2引起PC3细胞凋亡。同时E2又可激活ERK1/2,轻度拮抗上述作用。     

大学生一般自我效能感与防御方式的相关研究

目的 探讨大学生一般自我效能感与防御方式之间的关系。方法 采用“一般自我效能感量表”及“防御方式问卷”，对390名大学生的一般自我效能感和防御方式进行了测量。结果 大学生一般自我效能感性别差异非常显著（P〈0．01），而城乡差异不显著（P〉0．05）；大学生防御方式的性别差异显著（P〈0．05），而城乡差异不显著（P〉0．05）；大学生的一般自我效能感与防御方式有显著相关。结论 一般自我效能感是影响大学生防御方式的重要因素。     

Regulation of spontaneous activity and oscillatory spike firing in rat midbrain dopamine neurons recorded in vitro

Intracellular recordings were obtained from identified dopamine (DA) neurons in rat midbrain slices maintained in vitro. DA neuron membranes exhibited pronounced instantaneous and time-dependent anomalous rectification that showed evidence of maximal activation at average membrane potentials of -63 and -78 mV, respectively. Action potentials were followed by prominent afterhyperpolarizations (AHP) that consisted of two components. The fast component showed evidence of inactivation at -63 mV independent of the initial membrane potential, whereas the longer-duration, later component increased in amplitude at hyperpolarized potentials. Unlike DA neurons recorded in vivo, there was no evidence of spike frequency adaptation or summation of AHPs with prolonged depolarization-induced spike trains. Spontaneous spike discharge occurred via an endogenous pacemaker potential that was dependent on both TTX-sensitive and cobalt-sensitive processes. Hyperpolarizing prepulses could activate rebound pacemaker discharge, but this rebound activity was progressively blocked with larger-amplitude hyperpolarizing prepulses. DA neurons recorded in the anesthetized animal, freely moving animal, and in vitro preparations have been shown to exist in two states of activity: 1) spontaneously discharging action potentials or 2) hyperpolarized, quiescent, and nonfiring. Furthermore, although it is rare to find DA neurons in the untreated animal in transitional states of activity, quiescent neurons can be activated by stimuli that place a demand on the DA system. The evidence presented here is consistent with the hypothesis that the special combination of membrane properties of DA neurons contribute to the segregation of their activity into active or inactive states.     

Construction of retroviral vectors to induce a strong expression of human interferon-β gene in human hepatoma cells

ClassIinterferonisapotent1mmunemodu-latingfactorinvivo,andplaysanimportantrolelnactivatinganti-tumorcytotoxicTlymphocytesandnonuspecificeffectorcellssuchasNKcellsLlJ.ln-terferonandmanyothercytokinegeneswereintro-ducedintotumorcells,tumorinterstitialcellsandtumorinfiltratinglymphocytes['-']inordertosustainaneffectiveanti-tumorconcentrationofcy-tokinelocatedattumorsites.Itwasshownthatsomecytokinegenemodifiedtumorcellslosttheirtumorigenicityandinhibitedthegrowthofparentaltumorinanimalmodels.Pra…     

A dosage study of the effect of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F on chronic cerebral vasospasm in a primate model

The efficacy of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F was investigated using different dosages in a restricted, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Forty cynomolgous monkeys were divided into five groups of eight. There were two groups given treatment with placebos, one being saline and the other the vehicle in which U74006F was delivered. There were three U74006F treatment dosage groups: 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg. Each monkey underwent baseline cerebral angiography followed by right-sided craniectomy and subarachnoid placement of a clot around the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Treatment was administered intravenously every 8 hours for 6 days. Seven days after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, angiography was repeated, and the animals were killed. In both saline or vehicle placebo treatment groups, significant vasospasm (VSP) occurred on the clot side in the extradural internal carotid artery (C3), the intradural internal carotid artery, the precommunicating segment of the anterior cerebral artery (A1,) and the MCA (P less than 0.01). After U74006F treatment, significantly less VSP developed in the A1 on the clot side (0.3 mg/kg U74006F treatment group) and the MCA (all U74006F treatment groups, P less than 0.05). When the percentages of change from the baseline for the vessel diameters on the clot side were compared, VSP was attenuated in the A1 (P less than 0.05) and MCA (P less than 0.001) of all U74006F treatment groups as compared with the placebo treatment groups. Only 0.3 mg/kg of U74006F significantly prevented VSP in C3 (P less than 0.01). Although the 0.3 mg/kg dosage appeared to have the most favorable effect, no significant differences were observed among the three dosage groups. Electron microscopy of the MCA on the clot side in the animals treated with U74006F still showed luminal convolutions and morphological changes in the endothelial cells. These changes appeared less prominent in those MCAs with milder VSP. If these results in primates are applicable to humans, U74006F would be useful in reducing VSP after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.     

Tobacco use following liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease: an underestimated problem.

Alcohol and tobacco use commonly co-occur, with at least 90% of those with an alcohol problem also using tobacco. Thus, 3 years ago when we discovered higher rate of late deaths due to lung and oropharyngeal cancer in patients who had received a transplant for alcoholic liver disease (ALD), we hypothesized that these patients were continuing to expose themselves to tobacco after liver transplantation (post-LTX) and that this behavior was increasing their risk for cancer. We subsequently began a prospective investigation of post-LTX tobacco use in patients having undergone LTX for ALD (n = 172). For 33 recipients we had data starting from our first assessment at 3 months post-LTX and for this subgroup we report on the details of the timing of tobacco use resumption and the redevelopment of nicotine addiction. We found that on average more than 40% are smoking across all time periods. ALD recipients resume smoking early post-LTX, increase their consumption over time, and quickly become tobacco dependent. These data highlight an underrecognized serious health risk for these patients and demonstrate our need for more stringent clinical monitoring and intervention for tobacco use in the pre- and post-LTX periods.     

亚低温对戊四氮诱导癫痫发作的影响

目的观察戊四氮诱导癫痫发作的形式变化及不同温度下癫痫大鼠海马组织病理学的变化和计数CA3区残存的神经元数量.方法雄性SD大鼠分为上述不同温度的四组,用冰袋降温、白炽灯泡升温的方法来控制温度.将控制好温度的大鼠用戊四氮诱导癫痫发作,在相同的时间内观察大鼠发作形式的变化.HE染色后观察海马区组织病理学的改变,并选择组织学损害最明显的区域在高倍镜(40×10)下计数神经元的丢失.结果高温状态下癫痫发作程度最重,神经元丢失最严重,低温下癫痫发作程度较轻,神经元丢失也较少,亚低温下癫痫发作程度最轻,持续时间也最短,神经元丢失最少.结论亚低温对癫痫大鼠有脑保护作用.     

基数口服药盒的设计与应用

基数口服药是临床各科室必须储备的药品,以备病区住院病人非正常工作时间或急诊使用.病区小药柜常常根据专科特点配备不同种类、数量的基数口服药,其特点是基数少、品种多、专科性强、用量不定.