小儿腹泻的病因和治疗方法分析

目的 对小儿腹泻的病因和临床有效的治疗方法进行分析和探究.方法 便利选取在该院2016年1月—2017年1月期间收治的120例小儿腹泻患者作为临床观察对象,对其病因进行了调查和分析;根据患儿具体治疗方式的不同,将其平均的分为A、B、C 3组,A组接受口服药物治疗,B组接受的是的输液治疗,C组接受的是口服药+输液结合的治疗方法,对3组治疗的效果进行对比.结果 整体来看小儿腹泻主要由感染因素和非感染因素两大类构成,其中非感染因素居多(占67.5%),在非感染性原因中食物性腹泻最多占到了总数的39.1%,而感染性因素(32.5%)中最多的致病因为轮状病毒感染占到了总数的25.0%;在治疗效果方面,A组的治疗有效率为90.0%,B组的治疗有效率为92.5%,C组的治疗有效率为95.0%,3组之间治疗的有效率之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但是口服配合输液治疗的C组其治疗效果显著优于其他两组,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 小儿腹泻最主要的致病原因包括非感染因素中的食物性腹泻和感染性因素中的轮状病毒感染等,临床上采用口服+输液治疗的方式能收到更好的临床治疗效果.     

中孕期非整倍体染色体异常血清学筛查不同方案比较

目的：对中孕期非整倍体染色体异常血清学筛查不同方案的检出率进行探讨。方法选取513名2009年9月~2013年3月在攀枝花市妇幼保健院产科进行常规产前筛查的孕妇血清样本,分别采用化学发光法和时间分辨荧光免疫法对孕妇血清进行二联、三联、四联检查,比较阳性率及假阳性率。结果二联化学发光法检测唐氏综合征(DS)高危假阳性率为9.10豫,三联为7.36豫,四联为6.28豫,假阳性率呈递减趋势(字2=5.119,P约0.05);二联化学发光法筛查18-三体高危假阳性率(0.63豫)低于三联(0.82豫),差异有统计学意义(字2=4.776,P约0.05)。三联时间分辨荧光免疫法筛查DS、18-三体假阳性率(4.01豫、0.34豫)较二联(8.93豫、0.61豫)均明显降低(字2=6.992、4.776,P约0.05)。二联化学发光法检测DS、18-三体假阳性率分别为9.10豫、0.63豫,时间分辨荧光免疫法则分别为8.93豫、0.61豫,两种检测方法比较,差异无统计学意义(字2=1.787、0.000,P跃0.05);而三联时间荧光分辨法检测DS、18-三体假阳性率(4.01豫、0.34豫)均低于三联化学发光法(7.36豫、0.82豫),差异有统计学意义(字2=5.382、4.783,P约0.05)。结论化学发光法的检测系统发现筛查效率二联、三联及四联方案呈递增趋势。时间分辨荧光免疫法检测系统发现筛查效率三联高于二联方案,时间荧光分辨法三联筛查优于化学发光法。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌的近期疗效分析

目的：对比分析腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌的近期疗效。方法收集本院2011年1月~2012年4月我院收治的结直肠癌患者118例,分为研究组和对照组各59例,研究组患者实施腹腔镜手术,对照组实施开腹手术,比较两组的临床疗效。结果研究组术中出血量少于对照组,肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间均短于对照组,手术时间长于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组手术前期、手术后期及总的淋巴结清扫数、3年生存率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组术后并发症发生率、肿瘤复发率均低于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌疗效确切,在肿瘤淋巴结清扫效果方面与开腹手术相近,腹腔镜手术可降低出血量,术后快速恢复,并发症发生率及肿瘤复发率均较低,值得临床推广应用。     

糖尿病患者血清糖化低密度脂蛋白水平研究

目的研究糖尿病患者血清糖化低密度脂蛋白水平,为糖尿病并发冠心病的预防提供理论依据。方法选取我院收治的110例糖尿病患者作为观察组,选取同时期进行健康体检的健康者110例作为对照组,检测两组患者血清中的血糖、三酰甘油、载脂蛋白、胆固醇、糖化低密度脂蛋白、糖化血红蛋白等。结果观察组患者的GLDL水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);但两组apo B100、LDL-C水平对比无统计学差异(P>0.05);apo A-Ⅰ与HDL-C的水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);Clu、TG以及Chol水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的G-LDL水平与Glu呈正相关(r=0.631,P<0.05),与LDL-C、Hb A1c水平无相关关系(r=0.328、0.329,P>0.05)。结论糖尿病患者的血清糖化低密度脂蛋白水平显著提升,且与血糖值呈正相关关系。对评估糖尿病的治疗疗效有重要的临床价值。     

复合式小梁切除术治疗原发性慢性闭角性青光眼效果探讨

目的：探讨和分析采用复合式小梁切除术对原发性慢性闭角性青光眼患者进行临床治疗的情况和效果。方法随机抽选68例原发性慢性闭角性青光眼患者,根据抽签法对他们进行平均分组(对照组和观察组)分方法(传统小梁切除术和复合式小梁切除术)治疗,并对两组患者的治疗效果进行统计、对比以及分析。结果经过一年的治疗后观察组患者的眼压、临床总有效率以及并发症发生率都比对照组的患者要显著,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对原发性慢性闭角性青光眼患者采用复合式小梁切除术的疗效显著,并发症少,术后恢复好,因而,它是一种科学、有效、理想、安全的临床治疗方法。     

Transformation of lymphocytes from immunized Rh(D)-negative subjects by Rh(D) isoantigen

Since immune memory in Rh(D)-negative isoimmunized subjects remains through life, even in the absence of measurable anti-Rh(D), we investigated the transformation of lymphocytes from such donors by Rh(D) antigen. The time lapse from the last stimulus was up to 13 years. Mononuclear cells from immunized women were stimulated by Rh(D)- positive erythrocyte stroma. Maximum transformation was observed on the sixth day of culture, with a stroma protein concentration of 8 micrograms/mL of culture medium. The stimulation index (SI) in cells from 11 immunized women was 6.8 +/- 3.1 (mean +/- SD), with a range from 3.1 to 15.0. In five different sets of control cultures, the SI ranged from 0.9 +/- 0.2 to 1.3 +/- 0.4. There was no overlap between stimulated and control cultures. No anti-D could be demonstrated in the serum of four of the 11 immunized cases studied. Also, transformation was observed in mononuclear cells from Rh(D)-negative immunized women with Rh(D)-positive erythrocytes. The findings demonstrate that lymphocytes from isoimmunized Rh(D)-negative subjects maintain the immune memory and are transformed in vitro by the Rh(D) isoantigen.     

Cholecystokinin stimulates aldosterone secretion from dispersed rat zona glomerulosa cells, acting through cholecystokinin receptors 1 and 2 coupled with the adenylate cyclase-dependent cascade

Cholecystokinin is a regulatory peptide, that acts through two subtypes of receptors, 1 and 2. RT-PCR demonstrated the expression of both cholecystokinin receptors 1 and 2 genes in the zona glomerulosa, but not the zona fasciculata-reticularis, of rat adrenals. Autoradiography demonstrated the presence of abundant [(125)I]cholecystokinin-binding sites in the zona glomerulosa, but not the zona fasciculata-reticularis, which were displaced by both cholecystokinin receptor 1- and 2-selective antagonists (cholecystokinin 1-A and 2-A). Cholecystokinin increased basal aldosterone secretion from dispersed zona glomerulosa cells without affecting corticosterone secretion from zona fasciculata-reticularis cells. The aldosterone response to cholecystokinin was blunted by cholecystokinin 1-A and 2-A, which when added together abolished it. ACTH-stimulated aldosterone production was not affected by cholecystokinin; in contrast, cholecystokinin potentiated aldosterone response to both angiotensin II and K(+). Cholecystokinin enhanced cAMP, but not IP(3), release by dispersed zona glomerulosa cells. The aldosterone response to cholecystokinin was abolished by the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ-22536 and the PKA inhibitor H-89, but not by either the PLC inhibitor U-73122 or the PKC inhibitor calphostin C. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that cholecystokinin, acting through cholecystokinin receptors 1 and 2 coupled with the adenylate cyclase/PKA cascade, exerts a sizeable secretagogue action on rat zona glomerulosa cells.     

民办医学院校专科教学改革的探讨

该研究以山东万杰医学院为例,针对目前招生规模越来越大,生源质量不断下滑,大面积学生逃学、厌学、考试成绩不及格的严峻现实,提出有关教学方法、教学内容和考核方式的教学三项改革,这三项改革举措顺应了当前高校教育(特别是民办高校教育)形势的发展趋势。通过改革实践,已初见成效,进一步验证了只有坚定不移地搞好教学三项改革,才能保证和提高教学质量,从而使广大学生及其家长的利益得到充分保障;也只有大张旗鼓地继续搞好教学三项改革,学校才有生存和可持续发展的空间。     

Tyrphostin-23 enhances steroid-hormone secretion from dispersed human and rat adrenocrotical cells

Tyrphostin-23 is commonly used as inhibitor of tyrosine kinase (TK). We found that tyrphostin-23 concentration-dependently increased basal steroid-hormone secretion from dispersed human and rat adrenocortical cells, the maximal effective concentration being 10(-5) M. Tyrphostin-23 (10(-5) M) enhanced 10(-9) M angiotensin-II- and endothelin-1-stimulated secretion of human and rat adrenocortical cells, but not the secretory response to 10(-9) M ACTH However, it increased the response to lower concentrations (10(-12) or 10(-11) M) of ACTH. The secretagogue effect of tyrphostin-23 on dispersed rat adrenocortical cells was abolished by either the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ-22536 (10(-4) M) or the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89 (10(-5) M). Tyrphostin-23 (10(-5) M) raised basal cyclic-AMP release by dispersed rat adrenocortical cells, but in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, 10(-3) M) it was ineffective. Both tyrphostin-23 and IBMX increased cyclic-AMP release by rat adrenocortical cells in response to 10(-10) M ACTH, and their effects were not additive. Taken together, our findings suggest that tyrphostin-23, acting as an inhibitor of phosphodiesterases in adrenocortical cells, increases the intracellular concentration of cyclic-AMP available for PKA activation thereby stimulating steroid-hormone secretion. They also stress that caution must be used in interpreting the results of studies aimed at investigating the possible cross-talk between adenylate cyclase- and TK-dependent signaling cascades.