Duodenal hematoma: the ring sign in MR imaging

Proper management of duodenal hematoma requires that an accurate diagnosis be made using noninvasive radiological methods. Conventional imaging may be nonspecific if there is no history of trauma or coagulopathy. Two cases of duodenal hematoma that were imaged by magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) are described. In both cases the hematoma had a well-defined concentric ring configuration on MR images, a finding which helped establish the diagnosis. MR imaging may provide tissue-specific characterization of duodenal hematomas.     

(-),(+)黄皮酰胺对鼠脑内 NMDA- 受体的影响

用[³H]MK-801放射配体竟争结合法测定了(-),(+)黄皮酰胺对大鼠前脑,海马,皮层等部位突触膜的NMDA-R的作用,以探讨其促智机制。同时用饱和实验分析po给药10d后,小鼠脑内该受体密度的变化。结果表明:(-),(+)黄皮酰胺对脑内各部位的NMDA受体均无特异亲和力。但(-)黄皮酰胺在体给药10d后能使小鼠脑内NMDA受体密度显著增高,并呈一定的量效关系。提示黄皮酰胺的药理作用有光学选择性;(-)黄皮酰胺增加脑内NMDA受体密度为其促智作用提供了重要理论依据。     

Factors affecting mortality and morbidity in patients with abdominal gunshot wounds

Risk factors that may independently predict mortality and morbidity in patients with abdominal gunshot wounds have not been fully elucidated. We prospectively studied the effects of 12 potential risk factors on mortality and morbidity in 82 patients with abdominal gunshot wounds who required laparotomy. Univariate analysis of these factors revealed that shock on admission, presence of penetrating colon injury and number of intra-abdominal organs injured (NOI)>2 were associated with greater than threefold increased incidence of death (p<0.05). Penetrating abdominal trauma index (PATI) score>15 was associated with twentyfold increased incidence of death (P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that only PATI (P=0.001), number of postoperative complications per patient (N(comp)) (P=0.023) and presence of shock on admission (P=0. 028) were independently significant in predicting mortality. PATI was the only risk factor that independently predicted the development of postoperative infectious complications and N(comp) (P<0.0001). The type of gun used was not a significant risk factor (P>0.05). The 15 (18.3%) non-survivors were significantly older than survivors (P=0.02), had longer operations (P=0.004) and their NOI, PATI and N(comp) were significantly higher (P<0.001). The uniformly prolonged injury to surgery time in all patients contributed to the high incidence of infectious complications (62.2%) and mortality. PATI score was the most important factor found to be independently associated with mortality and morbidity in our subset of patients with prolonged injury to surgery time and high rate of colon injury.     

人参皂甙Rg1对老年大鼠免疫功能的调节作用

已知老年机体免疫功能的降低与淋巴细胞增殖能力的减弱和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)产生减少有密切关系。以老年大鼠免疫功能为主要研究对象,首次发现人参皂甙Rg1无论体内给药还是体外实验均能选择性增强老年大鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力和IL-2的产生与释放,采用Northern和Western印迹分析法证明,Rg₁可明显促进IL-2基因和蛋白的表达,表现在IL-2mRNA和IL-2蛋白含量的显著增加。值得注意的是,在同样的条件下,Rg₁对青年大鼠免疫功能的影响并不显著,由此可以认为Rg1一种“免疫调节剂”,而并非单纯的“免疫增强剂”。     

Markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in plasma and erythrocytes in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in plasma and erythrocytes were studied for 14 d after birth in infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome ( n = 9) and controls ( n = 36). In plasma, the total radical trapping antioxidant capacity and the chain-breaking antioxidants vitamin C, sulfhydryl groups and bilirubin were similar. The differences in uric acid levels were not consistent, but vitamin E levels and vitamin E/total-lipid ratio were lower in the neonatal respiratory distress group ( p < 0.01). In erythrocytes, the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase did not differ postnatally. Indicators of oxidative damage in plasma (sulfhydryl/protein ratio and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) showed the same postnatal course in both groups and were not influenced by oxygen therapy. In erythrocytes the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio showed no consistent differences. In conclusion, this study, using erythrocytes and plasma, does not provide convincing evidence of oxidative damage and diminished antioxidant defenses in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.     

催产素对妊娠末期大鼠蜕膜细胞内游离钙的刺激作用

妊娠末期催产素刺激子宫蜕膜细胞产生与分娩有关的前列腺素,但其作用方式仍未知。本实验分离妊娠19d大鼠蜕膜细胞,测定了催产素作用后蜕膜细胞内游离钙的变化,结果加入0.001～1μmol·L^-1催产素后,蜕膜细胞内[Ca²⁺]i出现瞬息增加,其峰值与催产素浓度呈剂量依赖关系,且此作用有自身钝化现象。说明催产素可能激活妊娠末期大鼠蜕膜细胞内的肌醇磷酯蛋白激酶C系统。给妊娠末期大鼠ip硫酸去氢表雄酮钠盐后分离的蜕膜细胞,催产素作用引起[Ca²⁺]i瞬息增加峰值较对照升高。