移植肾肾动脉狭窄的彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的 探讨运用多项彩色多普勒超声（CDUS）指标综合诊断移植肾肾动脉狭窄（TRAS）的的新标准。方法 回顾性分析20例经数字减影血管造影（DSA）证实的TRAS的CDUS指标：移植肾肾动脉收缩期峰值血流速度（PSV）、肾动脉与髂外动脉PSV比值（RIR）、肾动脉与叶间动脉PSV比值（峰值流速后比）和叶间动脉阻力指数（RI）;并与对照组相应指标对比。结果 TRAS组与对照组的上述4项指标之间均存在显著统计学差异（P〈0．001）。新标准具有良好的敏感性（100％）和较高的特异性。结论 新标准能够提高CDUS对TRAS的诊断率。     

An injectable micelle-hydrogel hybrid for localized and prolonged drug delivery in the management of renal fibrosis

Localized delivery, comparing to systemic drug administration, offers a unique alternative to enhance efficacy, lower dosage, and minimize systemic tissue toxicity by releasing therapeutics locally and specifically to the site of interests. Herein, a localized drug delivery platform (“plum‒pudding” structure) with controlled release and long-acting features is developed through an injectable hydrogel (“pudding”) crosslinked via self-assembled triblock polymeric micelles (“plum”) to help reduce renal interstitial fibrosis. This strategy achieves controlled and prolonged release of model therapeutics in the kidney for up to three weeks in mice. Following a single injection, local treatments containing either anti-inflammatory small molecule celastrol or anti-TGFβ antibody effectively minimize inflammation while alleviating fibrosis via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway or neutralizing TGF-β1 locally. Importantly, the micelle-hydrogel hybrid based localized therapy shows enhanced efficacy without local or systemic toxicity, which may represent a clinically relevant delivery platform in the management of renal interstitial fibrosis.KEY WORDS: Hydrogel, “Plum‒pudding” structure, Localized therapy, Controlled release, Renal fibrosis, Inflammation, Celastrol, Anti-TGFβ antibody     

TrFIA乙肝病毒PreS1抗原的应用研究

目的:乙型肝炎病毒PreS1抗原时间分辨荧光免疫分析(TrFIA)的应用.方法:收集120例HBVDNA拷贝数＞103的乙型肝炎患者血清标本,同时应用TrFIA和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对样本中PreS1抗原进行检测.选择荧光值较高的一例PreS1抗原阳性血清标本,倍比稀释至1:16384倍,用TrFIA试剂与ELISA定性试剂盒同时进行PreS1抗原的检测.结果:有9例标本ELISA结果为阴性,而用TrFIA可检测到PreS1抗原,χ2=7.1,P＜0.05,TrFIA方法灵敏度高于ELISA方法.一例PreS1抗原阳性血清标本ELISA在1:2048倍时结果为阴性,而TrFIA在1:8192倍时仍可检出PreS1抗原.TrFIA方法高、中、低三个浓度批内CV分别为3.57%、3.71%、6.74%;批间CV分别为3.54%、4.16%、8.52%均优于ELISA方法.50份正常体检者血清标本(乙肝标志物均阴性)用TrFIA试剂进行PreS1抗原的检测,结果均阴性,特异性100%.结论:TrFIA与ELISA相比,精密度和灵敏度有较大提高.     

移动CT监测肺不张的临床应用

目的应用电子计算机体层摄影(CT)观察全身麻醉诱导前后肺不张的变化。方法8例择期行神经外科手术的患者,于麻醉前、麻醉诱导插管后行全肺CT扫描,选择肺尖、肺门、右膈顶上1cm三个层面的CT图像分析观察肺不张的变化。结果三个层面中,右膈顶上1cm层面的图像麻醉前后变化最明显,麻醉诱导插管后监测到明显的肺不张。结论全麻导致患者肺不张的面积和百分比增加,围术期肺部CT扫描能有效地监测到肺不张的发生,有助于优化术中机械通气,减少肺损伤。     

Rational Design of Waterborne Polyurethane Pressure Sensitive Adhesives for Different Working Temperatures

The appropriate pressure sensitive adhesion performances at working temperature are vital for the applications of waterborne polyurethane (WPU). Understanding the relationship among rheological behaviors, macromolecular structures and adhesive performances can be very useful to the rational design of waterborne polyurethane pressure sensitive adhesives (WPU-PSAs) for different operating temperatures, as well as other kinds of adhesives. In this study, four kinds of WPU-PSAs were prepared by reacting polypropylene glycol (PPG), hydrogenated hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HHTPB), dimethyl alcohol propionic acid (DMPA), 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and four kinds of chain extenders. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), swelling and rheology tests were used in parallel with an analysis of adhesive performances of the dried films of the adhesives. Results showed that, in addition to the nature of chain extenders playing a role on the rheological behaviors and adhesive performances of polymer, the gel content could be used to adjust the macromolecular structure and molecular weight distribution of polymer, thus distinctly affected the adhesive performances of PSA. The relationship among rheological behaviors, macromolecular structure and adhesive performances was investigated, and the rational design of WPU was achieved with appropriate pressure sensitive adhesion properties for different working temperatures of 25 and 60 °C.     

K-doped Li2ZnTi3O8/C as an efficient anode material with high performance for Li-ion batteries

Li₂ZnTi₃O₈/C and Li_1.9K_0.1ZnTi₃O₈/C were successfully synthesized using the sol–gel method. Doping K apparently yielded a wider tunnel, helpful for increasing the rate of transport of lithium ions, and furthermore yielded excellent electrochemical properties. The first discharge capacity for Li_1.9K_0.1ZnTi₃O₈/C was 352.9 mA h g⁻¹ at a current density of 200 mA g⁻¹. Li_1.9K_0.1ZnTi₃O₈/C also performed stably, retaining a capacity of 323.7 mA h g⁻¹ at the 100th cycle, indicative of its excellent cycling properties. In the rate performance test, Li_1.9K_0.1ZnTi₃O₈/C showed at the first cycle a high discharge capacity of 379.5 mA h g⁻¹ for a current density of 50 mA g⁻¹ and a capacity of 258.9 mA h g⁻¹ at 1000 mA g⁻¹. The results indicated that K-doping should be considered a useful method for improving electrochemical performances.

(A and B) CV curves of (A) Li₂ZnTi₃O₈/C and (B) Li_1.9K_0.1ZnTi₃O₈/C, (C) Initial charge–discharge curves and (D) cycling capacity and (E) rate performances of Li₂ZnTi₃O₈/C and Li_1.9K_0.1ZnTi₃O₈/C. (F) The composition of the CR2032 cell.     

Transformation of the coordination nanostructures of 4,4′,4′′-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl) tribenzoic acid molecules on HOPG triggered by the change in the concentration of metal ions

The modulation effects of Cu²⁺/Fe³⁺ ions on the hydrogen-bonded structure of 4,4′,4′′-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl) tribenzoic acid (TATB) on a HOPG surface have been investigated at the liquid–solid interface by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). STM observations directly demonstrated that the self-assembled honeycomb network of TATB has been dramatically transformed after introducing CuCl₂/FeCl₃ with different concentrations. The metal–organic coordination structures are formed due to the incorporation of the Cu²⁺/Fe³⁺ ions. Interestingly, a Cu²⁺ ion remains coordinated to two COOH groups and only the number of COOH groups involved in coordination doubles when the concentration of Cu²⁺ ions doubled. A Fe³⁺ ion changes from coordination to three COOH groups to two COOH groups after increasing the concentration of Fe³⁺ ions in a mixed solution. Such results suggest that the self-assembled structures of TATB molecules formed by metal–ligand coordination bonds can be effectively adjusted by regulating the concentration of metal ions in a mixed solution, which has rarely been reported before. It explains that the regulatory effect of concentration leads to the diversity of molecular architectures dominated by coordination bonds.

A Cu²⁺ ion maintains coordination with two COOH groups, while a Fe³⁺ ion changes from coordination with three to two COOH groups after increasing the concentration of Cu²⁺/Fe³⁺ ions.     

4D-CT特殊重建图像对乳腺癌放疗心脏结构剂量评估影响的研究

目的:通过比较4D-CT图像及特殊重建图像在评估心脏结构"剂量-体积"指标中的差异,探讨不同重建图像对心脏剂量评估的影响。方法:选取15例女性左侧乳腺癌患者行心电门控4D-CT图像扫描,以心动周期5%为间隔重建0～95% 20个时相的图像。将4D-CT图像进行特殊重建,得到最大密度投影(MIP)、最小密度投影(MinI...     

中国0~5岁儿童食物过敏流行现况及影响因素分析

目的 描述我国0~5岁儿童食物过敏流行情况,并探讨影响因素。方法 数据来源于2016-2017年中国儿童与乳母营养健康监测,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）抽取275个监测点开展营养健康监测。最终纳入70 107名0~5岁儿童作为研究对象。以面对面问卷调查的方式收集调查对象的人口学特征和食物过敏等相关信息。对数据经过复杂加权后计算食物过敏患病率,采用logistic回归模型分析食物过敏患病率相关的影响因素。结果 0~5岁儿童食物过敏自报患病率为4.81%,其中,0~5月龄、6~23月龄婴幼儿以及2~5岁学龄前儿童的食物过敏自报患病率分别为0.81%、4.68%和5.26%。logistic分析结果提示,6月龄至5岁、城市、西南地区、头胎、大专及以上文化程度母亲的儿童食物过敏自报患病率较高。常见的过敏食物为虾类、禽蛋类、蟹贝类、水果、奶类和鱼类,食物过敏自报患病率分别为1.55%、1.25%、0.99%、0.97%、0.87%和0.86%。过敏儿童中对单一食物过敏的比例为69.85%。结论 我国0~5岁儿童的食物过敏自报患病率随着年龄的增长而上升,常见的过敏食物为虾类、蟹贝类、鱼类、禽蛋类、奶类和水果等,大部分食物过敏儿童属于单一食物过敏。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与冠心病关系的研究

目的：探讨载脂蛋白Ｅ（ａｐｏＥ）基因多态性在冠心病（ＣＨＤ）发生发展中的作用及其对血脂质、脂蛋白水平的影响。方法：应用聚合酶链反应技术和遗传学方法,测定９３ 例ＣＨＤ患者和９４例正常对照者的ａｐｏＥ基因型;按常规方法测定血浆脂质、脂蛋白水平。结果：共发现５ 种ａｐｏＥ基因型,分别为Ｅ３／３、Ｅ３／２、Ｅ４／３、Ｅ４／２和Ｅ４／４。ＣＨＤ组ａｐｏＥ４／３ 基因型和ε４ 等位基因频率及总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）均显著高于对照组（均Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,ａｐｏＡＩ的水平高于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,其他血脂指标无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。在ＣＨＤ组各亚型之间,ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ和ａｐｏＡＩ水平之间存在显著性差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论：ａｐｏＥε４ 等位基因是ＣＨＤ重要的遗传易患因素,ａｐｏＥ基因多态性亦影响血ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ和ａｐｏＡＩ水平。