Preliminary analysis of a randomized comparison of 5-fluorouracil versus 5-fluorouracil and high-dose continuous-infusion folinic acid in disseminated colorectal cancer

In this study, 50 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with 5-fluorouracil (FUra) or FUra plus high-dose continuous-infusion folinic acid. Five of 27 evaluable patients in the FUra group versus 10 of 21 patients in the FUra plus folinic acid arm of the study had objective partial remissions, P = 0.02. Time to progression was 3.9 months for FUra and 8.0 months for FUra and folinic acid, P = 0.006; however, median survivals (11.9 versus 14.5 months) were not different in this crossover study. Toxicity in both treatment arms was mild, although patients receiving FUra plus folinic acid experienced significantly more stomatitis than patients treated with FUra alone. This study suggests that high-dose, continuous-infusion folinic acid, which produces a steady-state level of biologically active folates of 10 microM, significantly increases the therapeutic activity of FUra.     

Longitudinal predictors of continued tobacco use among patients diagnosed with cancer

Even though continued smoking by cancer patients adversely affects survival and quality of life, about one third of patients who smoked prior to their diagnosis continue to smoke after their diagnosis. The implementation of smoking cessation treatments for cancer patients has been slowed by the lack of data on correlates of tobacco use in this population. Thus, this longitudinal study assessed demographic, medical, addiction, and psychological predictors of tobacco use among 74 head, neck, and lung cancer patients. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses, with outcome categorized as smoker or nonsmoker, indicated that the likelihoodthat patients would be a smoker was associated with lower levels of perceived risk and a higher level of quitting cons. Multivariable nominal logistic regression, with outcome classified as continuous smoker, continuous quitter, relapser, or follow-up quitter, indicated that: (a) patients categorized as continuous smokers reported significantly lower quitting self-efficacy than follow-up quitters and continuous quitters, (b) relapsers reported a significantly lower level of quitting self-efficacy than either follow-up quitters or continuous quitters, and (c) continuous smokers exhibited a significantly lower level of risk perceptions than continuous abstainers. These findings can be useful for the development and evaluation of treatments to promote smoking cessation among cancer patients. Support for this study was provided by National Institutes of Health Grants CA57708, CA06927, CA88610, CA95678, and CA76644.     

无家可归者多地点结核病传播

地点：2002-2003年，在华盛顿King县，结核病（TB）在多个收容所的人群中大规模爆发。 目的：控制结核病在多个地点的传播。设计：2002年，对收容所病人的接触者进行筛查，作结核菌素皮试（TSTs）和症状回顾。根据这些筛查的结果，确定和优选传播的地点。2003年，对暴露于这些点的队列作彻底的筛查（例如，症状回顾，TST，胸部X线检查[CXR]，痰检和痰培养）。利用PCR为基础的方法对从病人那里分离出来的结核分枝杆菌作基因分型，以快速确认爆发相关病人。 结果：2002-2003年，King县313例确诊的病人中有48例（15％）与爆发相关；通过基因分型，47例培阳病人分离出和爆发相匹配的菌株。3个收容所由于在2002年接纳的病人超过12人，所以人群中TST阳性率（约30％）高于收容所中的一般水平（7％）。用一个痰培养筛查接触者和CXR发现结核病人的敏感度相似（分别为77％和62％）。 结论：一个广泛的资源密集的途径可能有助于控制疾病的传播。这次爆发突显出无家可归者的脆弱性和在城市维持强有力的结核病规划的必要性。     

Anesthesia and/or Sedation for Pulsed Dye Laser Therapy

One of the most exciting developments in pediatric dermatology has been the use of the flashlamp-pumped, 585-nm, pulsed dye laser for treatment of vascular birthmarks. In many cases the results are miraculous. The increase in self-esteem and happiness of many children and adolescents has been overwhelming; for some, depression has been lifted, stuttering has ceased, social involvement has increased, and antidepressants have been discontinued. There are many success stories to tell.
Despite the remarkable effects of the pulsed dye laser and the medical and psychosocial indications for its use, the issue of pain control remains significant. We have no perfect outpatient pediatric anesthetic. Most methods carry either some risk or, if not hazardous, often are not very effective for controlling pain. Needless to say, a diversity of opinions exist on how to manage discomfort from this treatment modality. Therefore, we thought it would be useful to share the experiences and opinions of several dermatologists who have extensive experience with the pulsed dye laser.     

Acute retinal necrosis

Five patients with the acute stages of acute retinal necrosis underwent vitrectomy, with acyclovir in the infusion fluid, and the placement of a 360 degrees scleral buckle after intravenous therapy with acyclovir. Anatomic reattachment was achieved in all patients, and improvement over preoperative visual acuity was obtained in four. Recommendations for the treatment of acute retinal necrosis include a high index of suspicion in healthy patients with retinitis, early diagnosis, early intravenous therapy with acyclovir, early pars plana vitrectomy with the use of intravitreal acyclovir in the infusion fluid, and a 360 degrees scleral buckling procedure.     

What Are American Children Eating? Implications for Public Policy

As the health and demographic profile of the U.S. population changes, the food consumption patterns of American children have also changed. This review is organized around a series of policy issues looking at these new food consumption patterns, their relationship to the Dietary Guidelines, and their impact on children's health.