全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10296篇 |
免费 | 567篇 |
国内免费 | 78篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 116篇 |
儿科学 | 228篇 |
妇产科学 | 185篇 |
基础医学 | 1323篇 |
口腔科学 | 242篇 |
临床医学 | 1082篇 |
内科学 | 2445篇 |
皮肤病学 | 112篇 |
神经病学 | 1174篇 |
特种医学 | 354篇 |
外科学 | 1666篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
预防医学 | 299篇 |
眼科学 | 116篇 |
药学 | 664篇 |
中国医学 | 12篇 |
肿瘤学 | 910篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 58篇 |
2022年 | 157篇 |
2021年 | 221篇 |
2020年 | 134篇 |
2019年 | 183篇 |
2018年 | 254篇 |
2017年 | 210篇 |
2016年 | 253篇 |
2015年 | 241篇 |
2014年 | 367篇 |
2013年 | 502篇 |
2012年 | 787篇 |
2011年 | 719篇 |
2010年 | 405篇 |
2009年 | 391篇 |
2008年 | 681篇 |
2007年 | 648篇 |
2006年 | 693篇 |
2005年 | 671篇 |
2004年 | 699篇 |
2003年 | 609篇 |
2002年 | 515篇 |
2001年 | 111篇 |
2000年 | 87篇 |
1999年 | 94篇 |
1998年 | 118篇 |
1997年 | 89篇 |
1996年 | 94篇 |
1995年 | 83篇 |
1994年 | 70篇 |
1993年 | 74篇 |
1992年 | 71篇 |
1991年 | 70篇 |
1990年 | 58篇 |
1989年 | 60篇 |
1988年 | 42篇 |
1987年 | 42篇 |
1986年 | 40篇 |
1985年 | 33篇 |
1984年 | 37篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1982年 | 37篇 |
1981年 | 34篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 16篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
1972年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Mosaicism of a novel variant in the ANKRD11 gene in a child with a mild KBG phenotype: A case report
102.
103.
Tommaso Cacco Marco Fragale Claudio Sampieri Eolo Castello Carlo Risso Maria Teresa Piras Paolo Durando Alfredo Montecucco Gian Luca Pariscenti Giorgio Peretti 《La Medicina del lavoro》2021,112(2):107
Background:A worldwide personal protection equipment (PPE) shortage has emerged during COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to the high incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care providers. To address this lack of PEE, new solutions have been researched. Among those, full-face snorkeling masks demonstrated to be an interesting option. Among surgical specialties otolaryngologists and thoracic surgeons are at high risk of infection, due to the close contact with airway secretions.Objectives:We tested the comfort and usability of a modified full-face snorkeling mask (Ocean Reef Mask Aria QR+) as a protective device for otolaryngologic and thoracic surgeries.Methods:The mask was customized with a 3D-printed adaptor supporting many industrial filter types, including FFP3 and heat and moisture exchangers (HME). We evaluated surgical performances of the mask, both subjectively, with a questionnaire filled in by the surgeons, as well as objectively, monitoring transcutaneous PCO2 and PO2 values of surgeons during surgical procedures.Results:The modified full-face snorkeling mask was tested during 9 otolaryngologic and 15 thoracic surgery procedures. The device demonstrated very good overall vision quality with some limitations regarding lateral vision and almost no difficulties in usability. Water condensation into the mask was absent in almost every case. Both PO2 and PCO2 parameters remained within normal ranges during every procedure.Discussion:The modified full-face snorkeling mask can be an innovative PPE. In the current COVID-19 pandemic scenario, the worldwide shortage of protective masks and goggles may exploit this ready-to-use and low-cost solution, especially for high-risk surgical procedures. 相似文献
104.
Paola Ballerini Saro Oriana Piergiorgio Duca Antonia Martinetti Elisabetta Venturelli Leonardo Ferrari Stella Dolci Giorgio Secreto 《Breast cancer research and treatment》1993,26(1):1-6
Summary We investigated the role of urinary testosterone levels as a marker of risk of recurrent disease in 113 operable breast cancer patients (70 premenopausal, 43 postmenopausal). Twenty-four-hour urine collections for testosterone measurement were obtained before surgical treatment, between 20–40 days thereafter, and then every 6 months for 5 years. The cutoff values to separate high testosterone (A+) from normal testosterone (A–) were 8.0µg/24h in premenopause and 4.9µg/24h in postmenopause. Urinary testosterone levels were considered high when they exceeded the cutoff value in at least 2 of the first 3 measurements (pretreatment, post-treatment, 6 months) of each patient. According to the aforementioned criterion, 33 patients (29.2%) had high testosterone levels, which were associated to axillary node involvement in 16 patients. Thirteen of the latter relapsed during the 5-year follow-up period (5/7 in premenopause, 8/9 in postmenopause). Relapse-free survival (RFS) curves were drawn only for node-positive patients owning to the small number of recurrences observed in the node-negative group. In premenopausal node-positive patients, RFS was significantly different for patients presenting high and normal urinary testosterone levels (77% vs 28%, respectively; logrank test, p< 0.006). In postmenopausal node-positive patients, RFS was also different between the two groups (54% vs 11% in high and normal excretors, respectively) but the difference was not statistically significant. The present findings suggest that urinary testosterone is a prognostic indicator of early breast cancer recurrence in node-positive patients. 相似文献
105.
Giorgio Rizzo Carola Ricciardelli Eloisa Sardella Roberta Musio Marco Lo Presti Danilo Vona Fiorenzo G. Omenetto Gianluca Maria Farinola 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》2023,224(21):2300145
Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) is a very versatile biopolymer due to its biocompatibility and exceptional mechanical properties which make possible its use as a functional material in several applications. SF can be modified with a large variety of chemical approaches which endow the material with tailored chemical–physical properties. Here, a systematic investigation of different routes is reported to graft long alkyl chains on SF based on both liquid- and solid-phase, aiming to modulate its hydrophobic behavior. The liquid phase method involves direct activation of SF tyrosine residues via diazo coupling and cycloaddition reactions, generating hydrophobic materials insoluble in any common solvent. The solid phase approach consists of the chemical modification of drop-casted SF films by esterification of hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine, and tyrosine SF residues with acyl chlorides of fatty acids. For the solid-state functionalization, a new class of hydrophobic pendant groups is synthesized, based on triple esters of gallic acid anhydrides, that are reacted with the biopolymer to further enhance its resulting hydrophobic features. 相似文献
106.
Dominici Carlo Nicotra Maria Rita Alemaà Stefano Bosman Cesare Castello Manuel A. Donfrancesco Alberto Gallo Pietro Natali Pier Giorgio 《Journal of neuro-oncology》1997,31(1-2):57-64
In neuroblastoma, high levels of mRNA for p14h
trkA
and p75
LNGFR
neurotrophin receptors are predictive of favorable outcome. Their evaluation by Northern blot, however, requires substantial amounts of tissue and this prevents their routine evaluation as well as the possibility for multicenter studies to be easily carried out. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, the feasibility and reliability of determining both neurotrophin receptors on cryostat sections by immunohistochemistry were assessed, and these findings were compared to those obtained from Northern blot analysis. Primary tumor samples from 28 untreated patients at all stages were evaluated by using H10 anti-p140
trkA
and ME20.4 anti-p75
LNGFR
mAbs. Although weak, positiveimmunostaining was found in 9 of 28 tumors for p140
trkA
and in 5 of 28 tumors for p75
LNGFR
. As compared to Northern blot, the concordance rate was 79% (22 of 28 cases) for p140
trkA
(p < 0.05) and 71% (20 of 28 cases) for p75
LNGFR
(p < 0.05). No case negative for Northern blot was found to be positive with immunohistochemistry. Since only high mRNA levels for both receptors have been shown to be clinically relevant, their immunohistochemical detection, although less sensitive than Northern blot, can be just as sufficient and reliable as a prognostic tool, and possibly with a better cost-benefit ratio. 相似文献
107.
Miranda Michele Zarivi Osvaldo Amicarelli Fernanda Ragnelli Anna Maria Aimola Pierpaolo Porretta Rocchina Natali Pier Giorgio Arcadi Antonio Savino Maria Poma Anna Bonfigli Antonella 《Journal of neuro-oncology》1997,31(1-2):185-193
This paper presents evidence that L-tyrosine oxidation products and 5,6-dihydroxyindole, an intermediate of melanin synthesis bind to and modify DNA structure, as tested by extracting cell DNA, using topoisomerase I and denaturation assays. When supercoiled plasmid pCU18 or pBR322 DNAs are treated with 5,6-dihydroxyindole the supercoiled species disappear and are converted to species less mobile in a gel retardation test with respect to relaxed DNA. 5,6-Dihydroxyindole causes an easier acid denaturation of the double helix. The results, that are dose dependent,would point to both intercalation and cross-linking of DNA by 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its oxidation product(s). 3H-L-tyrosine deriving radioactivity, bound to nuclear DNA, is higher at low pH, (5.6) if compared to pH 6.8. The highest radioactivity bound to cell DNA is found during the transition from the amelanotic to the melanotic phenotype in human melanoma cell lines. As a control, the binding of 3H-L-tyrosine radioactivity to human prostate fibroblast DNA was investigated. 相似文献
108.
Interleukin-12: A bridge between innate resistance and adaptive immunity with a role in infection and acquired immunodeficiency 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a disulfide-linked heterodimeric cytokine originally identified as a product of EBV-transformed B cell lines. Monocyte/macrophages are the physiologically most relevant producers of IL-12, in response to both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, bacterial products, and intracellular parasites. Although IL-12 has an enhancing effect on the survival and growth of early hematopoietic progenitor cells, most of the IL-12 biological activity has been described on T and NK cells, on which it induces production of lymphokines, primarily IFN-, enhances cytotoxic activity, and, in cooperation with other stimuli, increases proliferation. IL-12 is an inducer of development of T helper type 1 (Th-1) cells and the equilibrium between IL-12 and IL-4 is probably important for the balancein vivo between Th-1 and Th-2 responses. IL-12 has an important role in the host resistance to infection, in particular to intracellular pathogens, by activating macrophages through induction of IFN- from NK and T cells and by enhancing cell-mediated immune responses, dependent on Th-1 cell development. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-seropositive individuals are impaired in their ability to produce IL-12 in response to bacterial stimulation, and IL-12 restoresin vitro some of the depressed immunological functions, suggesting that a defect in IL-12 production may have a pathogenic role in the immunodeficiency of HIV-infected individuals. Natural IL-12 appears to provide a regulatory link between innate resistance and the development of the antigen-specific adaptive immune response and the recombinant protein has therapeutic potential because of its activity against tumors and infections and its effectiveness as an adjuvant enhancing cell-mediated immunity in vaccination. 相似文献
109.
Thierry Berney M.D. Giorgio La Scala M.D. Denise Vettorel M.D. Dagmar Gumowski M.D. Conrad Hauser M.D. Pascal Frileux M.D. Dr. Patrick Ambrosetti M.D. Adrien Rohner M.D. 《Diseases of the colon and rectum》1994,37(10):1038-1042
PURPOSE: This paper intends to stress the importance of early diagnosis and discuss surgical treatment of Type IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS-4), an autosomal dominant connective tissue disease characterized by typical features of the face and extremities, inappropriate and easy bruising, and extreme tissue fragility, which may lead to dramatic and often fatal complications, mostly spontaneous arterial or intestinal rupture. METHODS: We report the case of a 41-year-old female who presented with spontaneous perforation of the sigmoid colon. RESULTS: The patient was seen over a nine-year period, during which time she required six operations and presented with a great number of surgical complications including stenosis of an end-colostomy, repeated subocclusive episodes caused by intraperitoneal adhesions, and enterocutaneous fistulas, finally ending with an ileostomy and short bowel syndrome. It is only after a difficult laparotomy for ovarian cyst excision, marked by numerous adhesions and friable bowel, that the diagnosis of EDS-4 was considered and established. CONCLUSIONS: In case of “idiopathic” spontaneous perforation of the colon in a young adult, features of EDS-4 should be thoroughly looked into and, if found, skin fibroblast culture with collagen Type III analysis performed. The surgical treatment of choice consists of subtotal colectomy and permanent endileostomy. In case of patient refusal, a second-stage ileorectal anastomosis can be performed but carries the high risk of anastomotic leakage. 相似文献
110.
Paolo E. Levi-Setti Giulia Rognoni Maddalena Bozzo Guglielmo Ragusa Patrizia Sulpizio Enrico Ferrazzi Giorgio Pardi 《Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics》1995,12(7):413-417
Objectives To evaluate uterine artery resistance during multiovulation induction in relation to the implantation rate in patients attendingin vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles.Patients Multiovulation induction for IVF was monitored by daily determination of the pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine arteries, obtained by a transvaginal probe (6.5 MHz) implemented with color-flow imaging. Doppler data were obtained from 5 days before hCG administration to the day of follicular aspiration. One IVF cycle was monitored in 70 patients. In 17 patients, 41 IVF cycles were monitored until a successful attempt occurred.Results In the 70 patients studied during one IVF attempt, the PI of the uterine arteries significantly varied (P < 0.001) in the different phases of the cycle. In the 24 patients who conceived, a significantly lower PI (P < 0.03) was found throughout the cycle. This result was mainly due to a highly significant difference of PI values observed the day after hCG administration (P < 0.005). In the 17 patients who conceived after 1 to 4 negativein vitro fertilizations, no significant difference in PI was observed in the uterine artery resistance in cycles in which implantation was or was not successful.Conclusions Uterine artery resistance varies significantly during phases of the induction therapy. Uterine artery resistance is lower throughout the course of multiovulation induction in patients with higher pregnancy rates. The PI on the day after hCG administration was the best index of pregnancy rate. Low uterine artery resistance was present even in negative attempts in patients who eventually achieved a successful implantation. PI values 3 can be considered a favorable prognostic factor for future IVF cycles.Presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the American Fertility Society, Montreal, 1993 and the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Fertility Society, November 5–10, 1994, San Antonio, Texas. 相似文献