母血中胎儿有核红细胞的荧光原位杂交法在产前诊断中的可行性探讨

探讨荧光原位杂交法（FISH）对母血中胎儿有核红细胞（NRBC）进行无创性产前诊断的可行性。20例孕龄15-20周的孕妇外周血经不连续密度梯度离心、制片、显微镜下识别并共计数NRBC及定位，然后行Y染色体的FISH检测。结果发现10例孕男性胎儿的孕妇外周血细胞涂片中每例均有阳性杂交信号出现；阳性率为60％（24/40）。10例孕女性胎儿的孕妇外周血细胞涂片中1例出现阳性杂交信号；阴性率为95％（38/40），假阳性率仅为5％（2/40）。结果提示FISH法对于用母血中分离到的胎儿细胞进行染色体异常的无创性产前遗传学检查具有重要意义。     

乳腺肿瘤组织中Ⅰ型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂的表达

探查乳腺肿瘤组织中Ⅰ型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂（ＰＡＩ－１）的表达，并比较乳腺恶性肿瘤组织与良性纤继腺瘤及正常组织中ＰＡＩ－１的差异。用免疫组织化学和原位杂交的方法，确定了乳腺癌、乳腺纤维腺瘤及瘤旁正常组织中ＰＡＩ－１的分布；用发色底物法检测组织提取液中ＰＡＩ－１的活性；用图象分析的方法对组织切片上的ＰＡＩ－１进行灰度定量。结果：ＰＡＩ－１主要分布在乳腺正常腺上皮细胞、瘤上皮细胞和腺癌细胞的胞浆中，但恶性组织中的成纤维细胞、巨噬细胞以及癌旁纤维组织也有染色。癌组织中ＰＡＩ－１的活性（Ｐ＜０．００１）和含量（Ｐ＜０．００５）均高于良性乳腺纤维腺瘤及瘤旁正常组织。结论：ＰＡＩ－１在乳腺恶性肿瘤组织中明显升高，ＰＡＩ－１的检测可能为临床乳腺肿瘤的诊断、预后提供新的指标。     

慢性乙肝患者血清细胞因子、乙肝病毒与肝纤维化的关系

目的：探讨慢性乙肝患血清细胞因子（TGF－β，TNF-α，IL-6，IL-8），乙肝病毒（HBV）对肝纤维化（HA，PCⅢ，C-Ⅳ，LN）的影响作用。方法：采用ELISA和RIA方法检测171例慢性乙肝患血清TGF－β，TNF-α，IL-6，IL-8，HLA，PCǚ，C-Ⅳ，LN的水平，HBV－DNA定量检测采用PCR方法。结果：慢性乙肝患血清TGF－β，TNF-α，IL-6，IL-8，HA，PCⅢ，C-Ⅳ，LN的含量均不同程度高于对照组，且随肝损害程度的加重而升高，与肝损害程度呈正相关关系（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）；须血清TGF－β1水平与血清HA，PCⅢ，C-Ⅳ，LN水平具有直线相关关系。HBV－DNA阳性组（Ⅱ组）均高于HBV－DNA阴性组（I组），且在慢性中，重度肝炎间差异显（P＜0．05）。结论：血清TGF－β，TNF-α，IL-6，IL-8参与慢性乙肝的发病机制及肝纤维化的形成，且与病毒复制的活跃程度相关。     

自服吡喹酮治疗慢性血吸虫病致急性脱髓鞘脑病1例

自吡喹酮广泛应用于急、慢性血吸虫病治疗以来,其不良反应的报道日见增多,现报告致急性脱髓鞘脑病1例。1病例资料王某,女,38岁,湖南省湘阴县农民。有血吸虫疫水接触史,无自觉症状,血吸虫病普查时血清学间接血凝试验阳性。于2003年12月24日自行顿服购自当地血防部门的吡喹酮20片     

Pretreatment with recombined human erythropoietin attenuates ischemia–reperfusion-induced lung injury in rats

Objective: Based on the findings that erythropoietin (EPO) has been proved to be a multiple functional cytokine to attenuate ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in various organs such as brain, heart, and kidney in animals, this experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with recombined human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on I/R-induced lung injury. Methods: Left lungs of rats underwent 90 min of ischemia and then were reperfused for up to 2 h. Animals were randomly divided into three experimental groups as sham group, I/R group, and rhEPO + I/R group (a single dose of rhEPO was injected intraperitoneally 3000 U/kg 24 h prior to operation). Lung injury was evaluated according to semi-quantitive analysis of microscopic changes, tissue polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) accumulation (myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity), and pulmonary microvascular permeability (Evan's blue dying method). Peripheral arterial and venous blood samples were obtained for blood–gas analysis after 5 min occlusion of right lung hilus at the end of reperfusion. The serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- was also measured by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Histological injury scoring revealed significantly lessened lung alveolus edema and neutrophils infiltration in the rhEPO pretreated group compared with I/R group (p < 0.05). The rhEPO pretreated animals exhibited markedly decreased lung microvascular permeability (p < 0.05) and myeloperoxidase activity (p < 0.05). Blood–gas analysis demonstrated that the pretreated animals had significantly ameliorated pulmonary oxygenation function (p < 0.05). The serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor- in rhEPO pretreated group was markedly decreased compared with that of I/R group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Pretreatment with rhEPO appears to attenuate I/R-induced lung injury. This function is partly related with the capacity that rhEPO inhibits the accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in lung tissue and decreases the systematic expression of tumor necrosis factor-.     

六味地黄冲剂对肾阴虚病人血浆中锌铜含量的影响

肾阴虚病人血浆中锌、铜含量均较正常人血浆中锌,铜含量明显增高(P<0.01)。男女性别间本组未见差异。服用治疗肾阴虚药物六味地黄3种剂型后均使锌,铜含量明显降低(P<0.01),六味地黄冲剂与汤剂效果一致。     

SARS胸部影像表现与评价(附75例分析)

目的：回顾分析75例严重急性呼吸综合症(SARS)病例，探讨该病影像学表现及其与临床治疗有关的问题。方法：全部75例患者均行胸片检查，一般隔日行影像追踪复查。结果：胸部X线表现为肺实质渗出病灶为主，肺内网状改变及肺门片块影较少。影像表现与临床病程有一定关系。结论：胸部影像表现以肺实质渗出病灶较常见。胸片检查是进行本病诊断和评估病程及疗效的重要方法。     

Studies on monoclonal anti-isotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies against leukemia and myeloma: IV modulation of membrane fluidity of leukemic cell lines and tonsillar cell stimulated with McAbs

Summary In this study the technique of labelling the cell membrane with DPH fluorescence polarization was used to observe the membrane fluidity of B lymphocytic cell lines and tonsillar cells from healthy persons; the modulation effect on membrane-fluidity induced by McAbs against isotypic and idiotypic determinants of IgM from patients with leukemia was studied as well. The expression of the corresponding isotypic and idiotypic determinants of IgM on the cell membrane was determined. The results show that the membrane fluidity of leukemic cell lines is remarkably higher than that of tonsillar cells from healthy persons, and McAbs against isotypic determinants of leukemic IgM can enhance the membrane fluidity of all kinds of cells mentioned above. However, the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody increased only the membrane fluidity of leukemic cell lines. These results indicated that there was a close relationship between the effect of McAbs on cell membrane fluidity and the expression of corresponding isotypic and idiotypic determinants of IgM on the cell membrane.