谷氨酸对腺苷A2A受体调节一氧化氮合酶活力的影响

目的探讨谷氨酸是否能够影响腺苷A2A受体对一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活力的调节。方法用1000ng／ml脂多糖（LPS）刺激小胶质细胞，分别加入100nmol／L A2A受体激动剂CGS21680以及不同浓度的谷氨酸（0，1，0，25，0，5mmol／L）干预，观察NOS活力变化。结果LPS诱导NOS活力增高，激活A2A受体可以产生抑制作用；0，25及0．5mmoL／L谷氨酸和A2A受体激动剂同时存在时，NOS活力进一步增高。结论高浓度谷氨酸可逆转腺苷A2A受体激动剂抑制升高NOS活力的作用。     

光化学作用对肿瘤细胞胞吞大分子的释放

目的观察不同光敏剂在肿瘤细胞内的分布,以及光化学作用对肿瘤细胞胞吞大分子的释放作用.方法使用激光共聚焦显微镜观察ALA、ALA-HE、HMME、TPPSa2在肿瘤细胞SW480、K562的胞内分布,使用FITC-右旋糖酐观察肿瘤细胞对荧光标记大分子的胞吞作用,通过光照激发光敏化细胞,动态观察光化学作用前后胞吞大分子FITC-右旋糖酐的胞内分布变化.结果ALA、ALA-HE、HMME、TPPSa24种光敏剂均表现为胞质分布,核内分布少.ALA、ALA-HE的胞内分布主要表现为胞质内的弥散性荧光.HMME则表现为胞质内颗粒状荧光与弥散荧光同时存在.TPPSa2为典型的胞质内颗粒状荧光分布.光敏剂在SW480、K562两种肿瘤细胞的胞内分布没有明显差异.光照激发不同光敏剂对肿瘤细胞胞吞FITC-左旋糖酐的胞内分布影响不同.由TPPSa2及HMME活化而产生的光化学作用表现出明显的荧光颗粒重分布,ALA、ALA-HE则对胞吞荧光无明显重分布作用.结论不同光敏剂因其不同的理化性质而表现为不同的胞内分布.光化学作用可对肿瘤细胞胞吞大分子产生胞吞释放作用,其作用机制可能与光化学作用对胞吞泡的破坏有关.     

Genetic variations of HSD11B2 in hypertensive patients and in the general population, six rare missense/frameshift mutations.

Mutations in the gene encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, HSD11B2, cause a rare monogenic juvenile hypertensive syndrome called apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME). In AME, defective HSD11B2 enzyme activity results in overstimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by cortisol, causing sodium retention, hypokalemia, and salt-dependent hypertension. Here, we have studied whether genetic variations in HDS11B2 are implicated in essential hypertension in Japanese hypertensives and the general population. By sequencing the entire coding region and the promoter region of HDS11B2 in 953 Japanese hypertensives, we identified five missense mutations in 11 patients (L14F, n = 5; R74H, n = 1; R147H, n = 3; T156I, n = 1; R335H, n = 1) and one novel frameshift mutation (4884Gdel, n = 1) in a heterozygous state, in addition to 19 genetic variations. All genetic variations identified were rare, with minor allele frequencies less than 0.005. Four of 12 patients with the missense/frameshift mutations showed renal failure. Four missense mutations, L14F, R74H, R147H, and R335H, were successfully genotyped in the general population, with a sample size of 3,655 individuals (2,175 normotensives and 1,480 hypertensives). Mutations L14F, R74H, R147H, and R335H were identified in hypertensives (n = 6, 8, 3, and 0, respectively) and normotensives (n = 8, 12, 5, and 0, respectively) with a similar frequency, suggesting that these missense mutations may not strongly affect the etiology of essential hypertension. Since the allele frequency of all of the genetic variations identified in this study was rare, an association study was not conducted. Taken together, our results indicate that missense mutations in HSD11B2 do not substantially contribute to essential hypertension in Japanese.     

Experimental animal models of pancreatic carcinogenesis and metastasis

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease characterized by early metastasis, local invasion, and resistance to conventional therapies. To understand its etiology and eventually make prevention of it possible and effective, appropriate carcinogenesis models will certainly help us understand the effects of environmental and genetic elements on pancreatic carcinogenesis. The development of new treatment strategies to control cancer metastasis is of immediate urgency. Fulfillment of this task relies on our knowledge of the cellular and molecular biology of pancreatic cancer metastasis and the availability of biologically and clinically relevant model systems. Many of the existing pancreatic cancer carcinogenesis and metastasis animal models are described in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of each model and their clinical implications are discussed, and special attention is focused on experimental therapeutic strategies targeting pancreatic cancer metastasis.     

Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in acute respiratory infections.

Levels of the soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM)-1 are elevated in severe sepsis. However, it is not known whether sTREM-1 measurements can distinguish milder bacterial infections from noninfectious inflammation. The present authors studied whether serum sTREM-1 levels differ in community-acquired pneumonia, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and controls, and whether sTREM-1 may be used as a surrogate marker for the need for antibiotics. Serum sTREM-1 levels in 150 patients with pneumonia, COPD and asthma exacerbations and 62 healthy controls were measured. Serum sTREM-1 levels were significantly elevated in pneumonia (median 295.2 ng x mL(-1)), COPD (280.3 ng x mL(-1)) and asthma exacerbations (184.0 ng x mL(-1)) compared with controls (83.1 ng x mL(-1)). Levels were higher in pneumonia and Anthonisen type 1 COPD exacerbations than in type 2 and 3 COPD and asthma exacerbations. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for sTREM-1 as a surrogate marker for the need for antibiotics was 0.77. Serum levels of the soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 were elevated predominantly in pneumonia and Anthonisen type 1 COPD exacerbations versus type 2 and 3 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, asthma and controls. Serum levels of the soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 has moderate but insufficient accuracy as a surrogate marker for the need for antibiotics in lower respiratory tract infections.     

上肢骨肿瘤切除后的自体骨移植重建

目的探讨应用自体骨移植对上肢骨肿瘤切除后的骨缺损修复重建的效果。方法1998年8月～2004年3月，收治上肢骨肿瘤切除后的骨缺损16例。男8例，女8例。年龄7～45岁。经病理确诊，肱骨近端尤文肉瘤和骨肉瘤各1例；肱骨远端尤文肉瘤2例；桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤8例，高分化软骨肉瘤2例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤和骨肉瘤各1例。2例肱骨近端肿瘤行自体锁骨代肱骨；2例肱骨远端肿瘤行自体腓骨代肱骨；12例桡骨远端肿瘤中，1例行自体髂骨移植，11例行自体腓骨代桡骨进行重建。采用MSTS系统进行术后功能评价。结果2例肱骨近端自体锁骨移植患者分别随访36个月和12个月，术后保持部分肩关节前屈和后伸功能，但外展功能丧失；MSTS评分分别为23分和22分。2例肱骨远端自体腓骨移植患者分别随访4个月和6个月，肘关节功能良好，移植骨连接处已经出现骨愈合；MSTS功能评分分别为24分和19分。12例桡骨远端自体骨移植患者中11例随访6～75个月，功能良好，无明显并发症；1例髂骨植骨的桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤术后3个月移植骨完全愈合，至今随访75个月，肿瘤无复发。MSTS功能评分18~27分，平均22．6分。结论自体骨移植在上肢骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的重建，尤其是儿童的骨缺损重建中，是一种较好的方法。     

益气补血活血法治疗阳痿病57例临床观察

目的:观察中医益气补血活血法治疗阳痿病的临床疗效。方法:将符合诊断的114例阳痿病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各57例,患者入院后分别进行阴茎硬度测试和FSH(促滤泡激素)、HCG(人绒毛膜促性腺激素)、PRL(泌乳素)测定。对照组予温肾壮阳中药加常规西药治疗;治疗组予自拟益气补血活血法方药加减治疗,并辅以精神疏导。对两组病例的疗效进行总结和随访。结果:114例病例全部得到随访,治疗组治愈率63.12%,总有效率91.23%;对照组分别为50.87%;68.41%。两组比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:采用中医益气补血活血法治疗阳痿病疗效显著,尤对血管性阳痿病显效。     

螺旋CT的预防性维修

尽早发现故障苗头,并将故障消灭于萌芽状态,是预防性维修的目的,是维修工作的最高境界,具体工作包括定期保养,定期检查,随即处置隐患,根据从业多年经验小结了一些针对螺旋CT的预防性维修感受。     

改良睑黄色瘤切除手术的观察

目的 观察改良睑黄色瘤切除术的应用效果。方法 选择病灶〈10mm以下的瘤体为手术观察对象，共22例（38眼）。按超皮损病灶边界1mm设计切口缘，梭形切除病灶，深达真皮层，在显微镜下清除皮下组织及切缘脂肪组织，松解切口边缘皮肤，连续皮内缝合切口。另外，酌情行上睑松弛矫治术。结果 失访2例（2眼），随访20例（36眼）6—12个月，未见黄色瘤复发，切口平整，痕迹隐约。结论 采用改良睑黄色瘤切除术更会增强眼睑形态美感。