Underdevelopment of optic radiation in children with amblyopia: a tractography study

PURPOSE: To detect the abnormalities of the optic radiation (OR) in children with amblyopia by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. METHODS: Fourteen children with amblyopia and 14 normally sighted children underwent DTI scanning. After the ORs were reconstructed by using tractography algorithm, voxels through which the anterior parts of ORs passed were determined for their values of fractional anisotropy (FA). The paired t test was applied to compare their mean FA values of right OR and left OR in the control group. For the amblyopia group, analysis of variance was conducted to determine the effect of laterality and vision status on the FA values. In addition, the voxel numbers of anterior and posterior parts of both ORs were calculated. The Student t test was used to compare the average FA of bilateral ORs and voxel numbers between the two groups. RESULTS: Comparison demonstrated left-higher-than-right asymmetry in both amblyopic children and normal children. We found no significant difference of average FA between the amblyopic group (0.4832 +/- 0.0225) and control group (0.4770 +/- 0.0273). Voxel numbers of the anterior parts of both ORs were not significantly different between the two groups, whereas voxel numbers of their posterior parts in the controls were more than that of amblyopic children. CONCLUSION: Tractography showed more voxels in the posterior ORs of normal children than in the amblyopic children, indicating that normal children have better development of the ORs. The underdevelopment of the ORs might reflect the dysfunction of visual cortex in children with amblyopia.     

角膜波面像差引导准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(ORK-W)治疗近视临床研究

目的前瞻性研究角膜波面像差引导准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(ORK-W)治疗近视临床效果。方法将球镜-8.00D以下,柱镜0.00D-3.00D的近视患者随机分成2组,实验组36例72眼行角膜波面像差引导准分子激光个体化切削(ORK-W),对照组30例(60只眼)行常规LASIK。观察术后1m裸眼视力、残余屈光度,角膜波面像差中的慧差、球差及总像差均方根RMS增加值,对比敏感度的改变,满意度等指标。结果术后裸眼视力、残余屈光度和满意度两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但实验组角膜波面像差(慧差、球差、均方根RMS)的增加均较对照组明显小,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对比敏感度的改善较对照组也明显的好,两组差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论角膜波面像差引导准分子激光个体化切削(ORK-W)可以减少术后角膜波面像差的增加,尤其减少慧差增加效果更明显,明显改善视觉质量。     

一测多评法测定藏药小米辣中3种辣椒碱的含量

目的：建立藏药小米辣中3种辣椒碱类化学成分含量测定的一测多评法,探讨一测多评法在民族药质量控制中的应用。方法：采用超高压液相色谱法,使用Waters ACQUITY BEH C18（2.1 mm×100mm,1.7 μm）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-水（50︰50）,流速：0.2 mL·min^-1,柱温30℃,检测波长280 nm,进样量1 μL。以辣椒素为内参物,分别建立二氢辣椒素、降二氢辣椒素相对于辣椒素的相对校正因子,分别采用外标法和一测多评法测定3种辣椒碱的含量,并通过相对标准偏差（RSD）和Pearson系数比较二者结果的相对误差。结果：降二氢辣椒素、辣椒素、二氢辣椒素进样量分别在2.21~22.1 ng、8.96~89.6 ng、3.75~37.5 ng范围内线性关系良好;降二氢辣椒素和二氢辣椒素相对于辣椒素的相对校正因子分别为0.970和1.159;且在不同实验条件下重现性良好（RSD < 3.0%）;一测多评法的计算结果与外标法测得结果无显著差异。10批不同产地小米辣样品中降二氢辣椒素、辣椒素和二氢辣椒素的含量范围分别为0.0281%~0.0534%、0.258%~0.389%和0.115%~0.209%。结论：建立的一测多评法可作为小米辣中3种辣椒碱类化学成分的含量测定方法,一测多评法为民族药质量控制提供了一个新的模式与方法。     

Occupational dermatosis among sanders in the furniture industry

The prevalence of occupational skin disease was found to be 3.8% in a study of 479 sanders in the furniture-making industry in Singapore. 17 species of wood imported from South East Asia were used. The most common dermatoses from wood dust were pruritus (1.6%), irritant contact dermatitis (1.6%) and xerosis (1.4%). 2 sanders had miliaria. None had allergic contact dermatitis from wood dust. The arms and trunk were the most common site for pruritus and dermatitis from wood dust. It appeared that the woods commonly used in the furniture making industry are weak sensitizers. Appropriate preventive measures against irritant dermatitis such as dust control, protective clothing, and good personal hygiene should be adequate to prevent occupational dermatoses among the sanders.     

HSP47 siRNA对体外培养HTCF细胞生物学行为及TGF-β1表达水平的影响

目的:探究热休克蛋白47(HSP47)siRNA对体外培养人眼Tenon囊成纤维(HTCF)细胞生物学行为及转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达水平影响。方法:体外培养HTCF细胞,并分为:空白对照组、空载体组和转染组;转染组根据HSP47基因序列设计并合成干扰siRNA序列,构建载体并导入HTCF细胞中;空载体组导入空白载体。采用RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹实验检测细胞中HSP47 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况,采用克隆形成实验、流式细胞术、Transwell法及划痕实验检测细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭及迁移,蛋白质印迹实验检测增殖、凋亡、侵袭、迁移蛋白和TGF-β1的表达情况。结果:相比空载体组,转染组HSP47 mRNA和蛋白的表达、克隆形成率、细胞愈合率、侵袭细胞数目、Ki67、N-cadherin、TGF-β1蛋白相对表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),E-cadherin蛋白相对表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),但细胞凋亡率、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白相对表达水平均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:HSP47 siRNA可以通过抑制TGF-β1蛋白的表达降低HTCF细胞的增殖、侵袭及迁移能力,但对HTCF细胞的凋亡无明显影响。     

弱视儿童和正常儿童的灰质VBM比较研究

目的利用基于体素的形态学(voxel-basedmorphometry,VBM)比较,探讨弱视儿童中灰质发育的异常。方法13例弱视儿童和14例视力正常儿童进行了3DT1WI扫描,数据在SPM2下进行头颅标准化、分割、平滑的后处理后,对病例组和对照组的数据进行归一化处理,将体素内的信号转换为灰质密度的差别,以双样本独立t检验进行病例组和对照组的基于体素的灰质密度比较,分析弱视患者灰质病变的区域。结果弱视组和对照组的左侧额中回,海马旁回和梭状回,颞下回和双侧距状回的灰质密度差异具有统计学意义,P<0.001。这些区域的体素数目从12个至36个不等。结论基于体素的形态学研究能够发现弱视儿童中与视觉相关的大脑区域的灰质发育异常,从而为探讨引起弱视的神经结构发育异常提供了有用的信息。     

Detection of abnormal visual cortex in children with amblyopia by voxel-based morphometry

PURPOSE: To detect the abnormalities of gray matter in children with amblyopia by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. METHODS: Thirteen children with amblyopia and 14 normally sighted children underwent magnetic resonance (MR) examination. The two groups were age-matched with a mean age of 5.8 years. In the amblyopia group, five children had strabismus amblyopia, and eight had anisometropic amblyopia. We analyzed the original 3-dimensional T1 brain images using the VBM module within the widely used analysis software package SPM2 (Welcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, United Kingdom). After normalization, segmentation, and smoothing of the images, comparison between amblyopic and control groups was derived for the gray matter of the entire brain using parametric statistics. RESULTS: The results of VBM analysis indicated that the amblyopic group had decreased gray matter density in the middle frontal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus of the left hemisphere, and the bilateral calcarine cortices. The radii of these regions ranged from 12 to 36 voxels. These abnormalities were consistent with morphologic changes in brain regions related to visual function. CONCLUSIONS: Using MR and VBM analysis, we detected morphologic changes in the visual cortex of children with amblyopia, which may indicate developmental abnormalities of visual cortex during the critical growth period.     

脉络膜新生血管经TTT治疗前后微视野变化

目的 应用微视野检查技术评价经瞳孔温热疗法（TTT）治疗脉络膜新生血管（CNV）前后的视功能变化.方法 12例13只经荧光素眼底血管造影证实有CNV的年龄相关性黄斑病变（AMD）和高度近视患眼,在接受TTT治疗前后分别行微视野检查.结果 TTT治疗前,6眼有相对暗点,7眼有绝对暗点.治疗后与治疗前相比较,6眼TTT前检出相对暗点的患眼中,治疗后视力提高者4眼,1眼视力下降,1眼视力无明显变化;6眼中5眼TTT治疗后激光照射处视网膜的光敏度提高,1眼降低.所有被检出有绝对暗点的患眼治疗后视力均无明显变化,视网膜的光敏度不变.结论 微视野检查能客观评估TTT治疗CNV的疗效.     

外周血细胞计数及其比值预测百日咳患者疾病严重程度的分析

目的 ：评估外周血细胞计数[白细胞（white blood cell,WBC）、淋巴细胞绝对值、血小板（platelet,PLT）]及其相关比率,即中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率（neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR）、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比（lymphocyte to monocyte ratio,LMR）、血小板与淋巴细胞比率（platelet to lymphocyte ratio,PLR）、血小板计数与平均血小板体积（platelet count to mean platelet volume ratio,PLT/MPV）在预测百日咳患者合并呼吸道感染严重程度的价值。方法 ：回顾性分析1 129例百日咳患者资料,分组对比外周血WBC、PLT、NLR、PLR、LMR、PLT/MPV差异。结果：共1 129例患者纳入研究。重症肺炎组分别与3个非重症肺炎组（上呼吸道感染组、支气管炎组、肺炎组）WBC计数水平有统计学差异（P=0.000、0.041、0.000）,重症肺炎组WBC计数水平明显高于非重症肺炎的3组患者,WBC计数越高,越容易发生重症肺炎,提示外周血...     

不同提取工艺所得当归精油镇痛抗炎作用的对比研究

目的:对比研究三种提取工艺(乙醚萃取法、超临界CO2萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏提取法)所得当归精油镇痛抗炎作用的差异。方法:以醋酸致小鼠扭体反应与催产素致小鼠痛经反应为镇痛指标、以二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀与角叉菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀为抗炎指标,探讨三种提取工艺所得当归精油的镇痛抗炎作用。结果:在镇痛实验中,三种当归精油能明显提高小鼠扭体潜伏期、减少扭体次数,明显缓解小鼠痛经;在抗炎实验中,三种当归精油对二甲苯与角叉菜胶引起的炎症反应有显著的缓解作用,0.1ml/kg与0.2ml/kg的三种当归精油能明显降低二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀度,0.035ml/kg、0.70ml/kg与0.14ml/kg的三种当归精油能明显降低角叉菜胶所致的大鼠足肿胀度;此外,三种当归精油的镇痛、抗炎作用之间没有显著性差别。结论:三种提取工艺所得当归精油具有明显的镇痛抗炎作用且三者之间在相同剂量下的镇痛抗炎作用没有明显差异。