研究生一年级学生运动等级与其健康状况的相关性

目的:调查研究生一年级学生的体育锻炼和健康状况,并分析其相关性。方法:调查于2005-09/10完成。选取西南大学和重庆大学2005级研究生一年级学生作为调查对象,共发放问卷190份,男90份,女100份。进行问卷调查,当场收回问卷。问卷内容:①自测健康评定量表:由48个条目构成,1～17为自测生理健康评定子量表(170～0分),19～34为自测心理健康子量表(150～0分),35～47为自测社会健康子量表(120～0分),分数越高代表越健康。②体育活动等级量表:主要调查调查对象上1个月参加体育锻炼的运动量,运动量=强度×时间×频率,强度与频率从1～5等级分别计1～5分,时间从1～5等级分别计0～4分,故运动量最高分为100分,最低分为0分。结果:有效回收176份问卷进入结果分析。①不同性别调查对象在运动等级上的分布情况:研究生一年级男女新生的运动量水平都偏低(男生:31.80±23.19,女生:15.57±15.39),且性别对运动量有显著的主效应(P<0.01),女生在运动量上的得分显著偏低。②调查对象健康状况各维度与运动量的相关性:运动量与总体健康、生理健康、心理健康和社会健康都存在显著相关性(r=0.150～0.238,P<0.05～0.01),生理健康对运动量有显著的预测作用(P<0.05)。③不同运动量等级调查对象的健康量表得分:运动等级对生理健康有显著的主效应(P<0.01),随着运动量的增加,研究生一年级学生的生理健康水平不断提高。结论:研究生一年级学生的体育锻炼运动量与健康水平存在着明显的正相关,随着运动量的增加,生理健康、心理健康及社会健康水平均不断增加。     

Double lumen umbilical venous catheters in critically ill neonates: a randomized prospective study

OBJECTIVES: To compare relative efficacies and complications associated with the use of double lumen vs. single lumen umbilical venous catheters in critically ill neonates. DESIGN: Prospective randomized control trial. SETTING: Neonatal ICU. PATIENTS: Forty-three critically ill neonates. INTERVENTIONS: Group 1 patients (n = 20) received single lumen umbilical venous catheters and group 2 patients (n = 23) received double lumen catheters. A record of the following information was kept: demographic data including diagnosis and indication for umbilical venous catheter insertion, catheter tip location, length of catheterization (days), number of additional iv catheters and complications (sepsis, hepatic necrosis, thrombosis, or mechanical complications). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Double lumen umbilical venous catheters were well tolerated and were associated with no significant increased risk of mechanical complications when compared with single lumen umbilical venous catheters. The number of additional iv catheters required (0.8 +/- 0.1 [SD]) was significantly (p less than .05) less in the double lumen umbilical venous catheter group as compared with additional iv catheters required (2.3 +/- 0.8) in the single lumen umbilical venous catheter group. CONCLUSION: Double lumen umbilical venous catheters are well tolerated for short-term use, decrease the need for additional venous catheters in critically ill neonates, and may not significantly increase the risk of mechanical complications when compared with single lumen umbilical venous catheters.     

Establishment of a system to standardize acceptability criteria for alanine aminotransferase activity in donated blood

A multilaboratory study was conducted to develop a system for standardizing alanine aminotransferase (ALT) acceptability criteria ("cutoffs") for donated blood. Without standardized cutoffs, each laboratory must develop its own cutoff, and this may not make optimal use of ALT testing to reduce transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB). Defining an ALT acceptability criterion in absolute terms is necessary because relative cutoffs based on local donor populations may be affected by the prevalence of NANB in each community. This study involved 16 laboratories using 23 different analytic systems. The ALT results of the analysis of a plasma reference sample could be used to translate mathematically a single, absolute cutoff to units applicable to each analytic system. The distribution of ALT results in 1.4 million donations from across the country was established; basing the cutoff on this sample avoids the problems inherent in using a local donor base to establish a cutoff. We propose the implementation of a system to standardize ALT acceptability criteria to an activity level defined by analysis of a nationwide donor sample.     

Features influencing patient selection for fibroid treatment with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound

Of 333 women inquiring about minimally invasive image-guided treatments for fibroids, 209 (63%) were clinically eligible for magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) according to criteria specified by the Food and Drug Administration and our institution's institutional review board. One hundred three clinically eligible patients had pelvic MR imaging, and 26 (25%) were anatomically eligible for MRgFUS. A substantial proportion were anatomically ineligible for more than one reason, including too much fibroid volume (19%), presence of bowel in the ultrasound beam path (13%), and significant adenomyosis (12%). Overall, 14% of women inquiring about minimally invasive image-guided treatments for fibroids were eligible for MRgFUS, a percentage that increased when additional institutional review board restrictions were lifted.     

Van der Woude syndrome: dentofacial features and implications for clinical practice

Background:  Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is the most common clefting syndrome in humans. It is characterized by the association of congenital lower lip fistulae with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. VWS individuals have a high prevalence of hypodontia. Although caused by a single gene mutation, VWS has variable phenotypic expression. This study aimed to describe the range of clinical presentations in 22 individuals with VWS to facilitate its diagnosis.
Methods:  A retrospective study of 22 patients with a diagnosis of VWS was undertaken at the Australian Craniofacial Unit (ACFU) in Adelaide. Three extended families with affected members were included in the study cohort.
Results:  The overall prevalence of lip pits in this study cohort was 86%. Cleft phenotypes included bilateral cleft lip and palate (32%); unilateral cleft lip and palate (32%); submucous cleft palate (23%); and isolated cleft hard and soft palate (9%). Missing permanent teeth were reported in 86% of affected individuals.
Conclusions:  Submucous cleft palate in VWS may go undiagnosed if the lower lip pits are not detected. Associated hypodontia and resultant malocclusions will also require management by a dental team.     

Italian healthcare workers' views on mandatory vaccination

Background  

Mandatory vaccination has contributed to the success of immunisation programmes but voluntary vaccination allows people to be responsible for their own health. There are benefits from both policies and the arguments between them remain subject to debate within and without the scientific community, both nationally and internationally. The aim of this study is to assess the opinions of those who actually work in the Vaccination Service.     

Identification and characterization of a low-affinity granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor on primary and cultured human melanoma cells

Hematopoietic growth factor receptors are present on cells of normal nonhematopoietic tissues such as endothelium and placenta. We previously demonstrated functional human granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptors on small cell carcinoma of the lung cell lines, and others have reported that certain solid tumor cell lines respond to GM-CSF in clonogenic assays. In the current study, we examine human melanoma cell lines and fresh specimens of melanoma to determine whether they have functional GM-CSF receptors. Scatchard analyses of 125I-GM-CSF equilibrium binding to melanoma cell lines showed a mean of 542 +/- 67 sites per cell with a kd of 0.72 +/- 0.14 nmol/L. Cross-linking studies in the melanoma cell line, M14, showed a major GM-CSF receptor species of 84,000 daltons. Under the conditions tested, the M14 cells did not have a proliferative response to GM-CSF in vitro, nor was any induction of primary response genes detected by Northern analysis in response to GM-CSF. Studies to determine internal translocation of the receptor-ligand complex indicated less than 10% of the 125I-GM-CSF internalized was specifically bound to receptors. Primary melanoma cells from five surgical specimens had GM-CSF receptors; Scatchard analysis was performed on one sample, showing 555 sites/cell with a kd of 0.23 nmol/L. These results indicate that human tumor cells may express a low-affinity GM-CSF receptor protein that localizes to the cell surface and binds ligand, but lacks functional components or accessory factors needed to transduce a signal.     

Myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma: sonographic assessment

The depth of myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma was evaluated using real-time sonography (US) in 20 patients with histologically proved adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. In 14 of 20 (70%) cases, US-based estimation of the depth of myometrial invasion was within 10% of the actual measurement in the gross specimen. The US-based estimation of tumor invasion was low in seven patients, high in four patients, and agreed with pathologic findings (+/- 5%) in nine patients. In four patients with polypoid intraluminal extension of tumor, a deeply invasive tumor was suspected on US but was not found on pathologic examination. In 12 superficially invasive tumors, the continuity of the demarcating subendometrial halo was intact in nine and incomplete in three. In six patients with deeply invasive tumors, this zone was partially disrupted in four, totally disrupted in one, and intact in one. Errors of estimation of the depth of myometrial invasion on US most frequently occurred when a tumor had a significant intraluminal polypoid extension. Demonstration of a subendometrial halo usually indicated superficial invasion, whereas the absence of a halo was frequently associated with deep invasion.