腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中膀胱尿道吻合技术

前列腺癌根治术是治疗早期局限型前列腺癌的首选方法。随着腔镜器械的不断发展及手术技术的持续改进,腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术已成为治疗局限型前列腺癌的标准术式,它除了具有与开放手术一样的治疗效果外,还具有创伤小、恢复快的微创优势,迅速在国内大中型医院广泛开展。膀胱尿道吻合是腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中最关键的步骤之一,如何减少膀胱尿道吻合的难度,提高手术效率并保证吻合的质量,是国内外泌尿外科专家所一直关注并期待解决的课题。本文总结了近几年国内外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术中膀胱尿道吻合的技术改进和我们自身手术经验,与广大泌尿外科同行共飨。     

Morphological and clinical feasibility of C3 pedicle screw instrumentation in patients with congenital C2–3 fusion

Purpose

Congenital C2–3 fusion (C2–3CF) is often involved in patients with atlantoaxial dislocation, and posterior occipitocervical fixation surgery is usually required. Hypoplasia of C2 pedicle is common in such patients, making C2 pedicle screws (PS) instrumentation inapplicable. Because of congenital fusion, C3PS instrumentation would be an ideal alternative for it will not sacrifice an additional motion segment; however, the morphological and clinical feasibility has not been previously reported.

Methods

We included 42 C2–3CF patients to this study and evaluated pedicle trajectories of C2 and C3 using a three-dimensional CT. Clinical applications of C3PS instrumentation were evaluated and followed.

Results

Among the 42 patients, 23 (54.8 %) and 8 (19.0 %) had C2 and C3 pedicle trajectory diameters <4.0 mm, respectively. The bisection line of the fused C2–3 lamina was used to represent the superior border of C3 articular mass; the entry point of C3 pedicle was located at 3 mm inferior to the assumed superior border and 3.2 mm medial to the lateral border. Bilateral C3PS instrumentations were successfully adopted in 22 patients. No spinal cord or vertebral artery injury occurred; postoperative CT showed a trajectory breach rate of 17.4 % for C3PS. After mean of 3.6-year follow-up, no implant failure was documented.

Conclusions

C3PS instrumentation is morphologically and clinically feasible for a large proportion of patients with C2–3CF and can serve as another reliable alternative for C2PS instrumentation. Preoperative evaluation of pedicle trajectory of C2–3CF with three-dimensional CT is highly valuable in the choice of proper fixation methods.     

TURP膀胱截石位术中术后并发症原因分析与护理

目的对TURP术中膀胱截石位并发症及意外的探讨预防。方法报告TURP925例截石位的摆放及术中护理与观察。结果925例术中术后发生骶尾部皮损、上肢麻木不适、髋关节及腹股沟区疼痛、下肢温度降低、术毕改变体位后低血压或晕厥、下肢深静脉血栓、肺栓塞等。结论充分的术前准备和评估、正确地摆放手术体位、术中严密的观察和妥善的护理可以明显的减少因截石位摆放不当所导致的并发症和意外。     

Sonographic and Doppler imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease: a 12-year experience.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical utility of sonography with Doppler examination in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 355 cases of GTD seen over a 12-year period in 2 large university referral hospitals in China was performed. Clinical appearances, sonographic findings, Doppler waveforms, and patient outcomes were reviewed. Sonographic and Doppler examinations were performed to diagnose the presence of molar tissue, detect invasive disease, assess disease recurrence, and monitor the efficacy of chemotherapy. Doppler waveforms of 13 patients with normal early pregnancies were also examined for comparison. RESULTS: Of the 355 patients with GTD, 106 had a classic hydatidiform mole (CHM), 33 had a partial hydatidiform mole (PHM), 184 had an invasive hydatidiform mole (IHM), and 32 had choriocarcinoma. Sonography showed abnormal molar tissue confined to the endometrial cavity in all cases of CHM. In cases of IHM and choriocarcinoma, soft tissue invasion and cystic vascular spaces within the myometrium were shown. Cases of PHM had a thickened, hydropic placenta with a concomitant fetus. Doppler waveforms showed resistive indices of 0.55 (SD, 0.06) for CHM, 0.56 (SD, 0.04) for PHM, 0.28 (SD, 0.06) for IHM, 0.25 (SD, 0.05) for choriocarcinoma, and 0.66 (SD, 0.04) for normal pregnancies. The abnormal sonographic and Doppler findings in invasive disease resolved when chemotherapy was successful. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography and Doppler imaging were helpful in diagnosing GTD, in determining whether invasive disease was present, in detecting recurrence of disease, and in following the effectiveness of chemotherapy.     

手法联合核心稳定训练治疗老年非特异性腰痛临床研究

目的:观察手法联合核心稳定训练治疗老年非特异性腰痛的临床疗效。方法:124例随机分为研究组和对照组各62例。两组均行手法治疗,观察组加用核心稳定训练治疗。结果:治疗后两组VAS、ODI评分均较治疗前改善(P<0.01),观察组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后两组闭眼单脚站立时间、闭目原地踏步时间均较治疗前延长(P<0.01),观察组延长程度大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:手法可以瞬间纠正腰椎“骨错缝、筋出槽”,恢复力学平衡。配合核心稳定性训练,使筋强骨健,维持腰椎稳定,疗效较好且安全。     

动物模型中人骨形态发生蛋白2重组腺病毒活性观测

目的:利用基因工程技术构建人骨形态发生蛋白2重组腺病毒,并进行体内表达,测定活性;为深入开展的基因治疗研究创造条件。方法:实验于2000-05/2002-06在西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科实验室完成。应用PCR技术扩增出人骨形态发生蛋白2全长基因,体外同源重组构建重组腺病毒后,随机将30只SD大鼠分为治疗组和对照组,每组15只,将纯化后的重组腺病毒50μL注入SD大鼠股部肌肉陷窝病损处,通过组织学染色、X射线片对动物模型的组织变化进行观测。结果:6周后治疗组可见明显骨诱导形成,2周时治疗组碱性磷酸酶活性明显高于对照组,重组腺病毒治疗组有明显的诱导成骨活性。结论:应用于动物实验中目的基因表达,并具有生物学活性。本研究是在骨缺损基因治疗的一次尝试,且人骨形态发生蛋白2重组腺病毒的构建成功,也为国内骨科疾病基因治疗的进一步研究提供了基础。     

阴囊湿疹样癌的围手术期护理

我院2002年1月-2005年12月采用自体大隐静脉移植显微外科修复治疗19例闭合性胭动脉损伤患者，术后通过早期细致的观察与护理，及时采取有效的措施，取得了满意效果，现报道如下。     

Electroacupuncture for postpartum urinary retention: A randomized controlled study: 电针治疗产后尿潴留:随机对照研究

Objectiveto observe the clinical effect of electroacupuncture on postpartum urinary retention (PPUR) through a randomized controlled study.Methodsseventy-two PPUR puerperae who met the inclusion criteria were divided into the observation group (electroacupuncture at Cìliáo (次髎BL32) and Zhōngliáo (中髎BL33) group) and the control group (sham acupuncture group) according to the random number table method, with 36 cases in each. Urine catheters were retained. After 3 days of treatment, the therapeutic effect of PPUR was compared between the two groups.Resultsin the observation group, the first urination time was significantly earlier than that in the control group, the first urination volume was significantly more than that in the control group, the bladder residual urine volume was significantly less than that in the control group, and the urinary infection was significantly less than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (all P <0.001). Compared with the control group, there were statistically significant differences in catheter removal, independent urination, cured cases, effective cases, ineffective cases, and total effective cases in the observation group (all P < 0.05).Conclusionthe therapeutic value of electroacupuncture at BL32 and BL33 for primiparae with PPUR is significantly obvious. This therapy is worthy of clinical promotion.     

聚合酶链反应结合探针杂交检测军团菌

利用来源于嗜肺军团菌巨噬细胞感染增强因子（ｍｉｐ）基因序列的引物，建立了快速检测军团菌的聚合酶链反应技术。扩增反应产物经与地高辛标记的特异寡核苷酸探针杂交证实。用本方法检测接种过军团菌的支气管肺泡灌洗液标本。可检出１００ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ细菌。研究表明它是军团病诊断的一种有效手段。