家族性腺瘤性息肉病的诊断与治疗

目的 总结家族性腺瘤性息肉病（ＦＡＰ）的诊断和治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析１３例ＦＡＰ的临床病理资料。结果 本组１３例患者,男５例,女８例,平均年龄３１．５岁。其中良性５例,平均年龄２５岁;癌变８例,平均年龄３６岁。８例有家族史者源于６个家系,３代中共发现１９例患者其中４个家系中有７例２死于大肠癌。本组患者病史２－２０年,每例息肉数均超过１００个。最多达３－９个／ｃｍ＾２。全部病例均施行了全结肠切除     

急性非淋巴细胞白血病中MGMT与p53基因突变的研究

目的 探讨肿瘤抑制基因ｐ５３、ＭＧＭＴ在急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＮＬＬ）中的改变。方法 用聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）技术对３１例ＡＮＬＬ患者、２２例正常人ｐ５３基因第５、６、７、８外显子和ＭＧＭＴ基因第１、４外显子进行突变分析。结果 ３１例ＡＮＬＬ中５例存在ｐ５３基因突变、４例存在ＭＧＭＴ基因突变,其中２例ｐ５３与ＭＧＭＴ同时发生突变。结论 ｐ５３基因突变在白血病发生中起一定     

常见大气细菌对动物肺损伤的实验研究

为研究大气微生物对人体健康的影响,于１９９７年对上海市大气细菌污染进行了调查。在此基础上,采用大鼠经气管灌注细菌悬液２４小时后,分析肺灌洗液组成的方法,就大气细菌对动物呼吸系统损伤方面进行了研究。同时比较了不同地区大气细菌对大鼠肺细胞的损伤效应。结果发现大气细菌污染严重地区的细菌染毒组ＡＬＢ、ＬＤＨ、ＡＣＰ、ＡＫＰ、中性粒细胞等指标比清洁区升高更为显著,提示大气中常见细菌可对肺组织造成损伤。     

老年性白内障晶状体上皮细胞凋亡的DNA片段分析及TUNEL检测

目的 探讨老年性白内障晶状体上皮细胞凋亡的生化特征。方法 用ＤＮＡ片段分析及ＴＵＮＥＬ法共检测３１例老年性白内障患者晶状体上皮细胞凋亡。结果 ＤＮＡ片段分析显示,老年性白内障患者晶状体上皮细胞有ＤＮＡ“梯状”图谱,而健康成年人晶状体上皮细胞未见ＤＮＡ断裂现象;ＴＵＮＥＬ检测发现,老年性白内障患者晶本上皮细胞中有凋亡细胞,而健康成年人晶状体上皮中无明显的凋亡细胞。结论 老年性白内障发生与晶状体上皮细     

鼻内窥镜下经筛窦行眶内壁骨折整复术

探讨应用鼻内窥镜下经筛窦行眶内壁折整复术。方法前鼻孔入路,内窥镜观察下将嵌入筛房的眶脂肪及内直肌还纳回眶内,硅胶板修补充填孔洞。结果１６例患者,平均术后观察８个月,复视消失,眼球内陷矫正,无硅胶排异。结论内窥镜下经筛窦行眶内壁骨折整复术,具有无皮肤瘢痕,手术损伤小,并发症少,且手术安全可靠。     

Mitomycin C-induced apoptosis in cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts

To investigate the mitomycin C-induced apoptotic cell death of fibroblasts, the primarily cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts were exposed to a clinically used dosage of 0.4 mg/ml of mitomycin C for 5 minutes. TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) assay and electron microscopic studies were performed to determine the extent of mitomycin C-induced apoptosis. A flow cytometric study was performed to quantify the apoptotic cell population over time. The TUNEL stains were positive and electron microscopy showed features of apoptotic cell death in some fibroblasts 3 and 5 days after treatment. Flow cytometric analysis using Annexin V-propidium iodide double staining detected apoptotic cells 3 days after treatment. These apoptotic cell populations increased at 4 days and were sustained for one week. This study revealed that the clinical effects of mitomycin C on fibroblasts may be mediated not only by antiproliferative but also apoptotic cell death to some degree. Therefore, the apoptotic cell death of fibroblasts induced by mitomycin C should be considered to properly understand the mechanism of wound healing after trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C.     

Early and delayed cardioprotection by heat stress is mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide

Brief ischaemia or heat stress protects the myocardium against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Heat stimulus evokes release of sensory nerve transmitters, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Since CGRP has been shown to play an important role in the mediation of ischaemic preconditioning, the present study examined whether early or delayed preconditioning induced by retrograde hyperthermic perfusion in vitro or by whole-body hyperthemia in vivo also involves endogenous CGRP. Isolated rat hearts were perfused in the Langendorff mode and subjected to 30 min global ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion. Heart rate, coronary flow, left ventricular pressure and its first derivatives (±dp/dt) were recorded and the CGRP-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) content and the release of creatine kinase (CK) during reperfusion were measured. Retrograde hyperthermic perfusion (42 °C) for 5 min improved the recovery of cardiac function, decreased the release of CK and elevated the content of CGRP-LI in the coronary effluent. CGRP_8–37 (10^–7 mol/l), a selective CGRP receptor antagonist, abolished the cardioprotection by heat stress. Pretreatment with capsaicin (50 mg/kg s.c.), which specifically depletes sensory nerve transmitter content, abolished both the cardioprotection and the increased release of CGRP-LI. Whole-body hyperthermia (42 °C for 15 min) caused an increase in the plasma concentration of CGRP-LI. Early or delayed protection was shown in the hearts obtained from the animals subjected to whole-body hyperthermia 10 min or 48 h before the experiments. The early or delayed protection by heat stress was also abolished by pretreatment with capsaicin. The present study suggests that, in the rat, the early and delayed cardioprotection induced by heat stress involves endogenous CGRP. Received: 31 December 1998 / Accepted: 6 April 1999     

A brief history of studies on anti-tumor remedies in China

This paper gives a general introduction to the studies on the formulation and invention of anti-tumor remedies from 1950s-1980s. Beginning from 50s, antitumor antibiotics were investigated. New alkylicompoun and antibiotics were found in the 60s, while more new natural compounds were found in the 70s. Researches were proceeded in the 80s based on the former achievements. Through the process of about 30 years, nearly 80 new species were produced, many anti-tumor pharmaceutical corporations established, and a contigent of high level research workers was formed. However, there still exist a rather large gap between the urgent clinical needs for clinical chemotherapeutics and the actual status. Based on some 30 years of experience in China, the following points were summarized, i.e., shifting from merely imitation to invention, developing the spirit of massive cooperation, investigating the thesaurus of TCM, developing China's plant resources, and traditional Chinese preventive idea, so that the stress point for research be laid on the invention of preventive anti-tumor remedies.